C++ - RTTI(RunTime Type Information)运行时类型信息 详解

RTTI(RunTime Type Information)运行时类型信息 详解

 

本文地址: http://blog.csdn.net/caroline_wendy/article/details/24369987

 

RTTI, RunTime Type Information, 运行时类型信息, 是多态的主要组成部分, 

通过运行时(runtime)确定使用的类型, 执行不同的函数,复用(reuse)接口.

dynamic_cast<>可以 使基类指针转换为派生类的指针, 通过判断指针的类型, 可以决定使用的函数.

typeid(), 可以判断类型信息, 判断指针指向位置, 在多态中, 可以判断基类还是派生类.

 

代码:

/*
 * test.cpp
 *
 *  Created on: 2014.04.22
 *      Author: Spike
 */

/*eclipse cdt, gcc 4.8.1*/

#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>


using namespace std;

class Base {
public:
	virtual void fcnA() {
		std::cout << "base" << std::endl;
	}
};

class Derived : public Base {
public:
	virtual void fcnB() {
		std::cout << "derived" << std::endl;
	}
};

void fcnC(Base* p) {
	Derived* dp = dynamic_cast<Derived*>(p);
	if (dp != NULL)
		dp->fcnB();
	else
		p->fcnA();
}

void fcnD(Base* p) {
	if (typeid(*p) == typeid(Derived)) {
		Derived* dp = dynamic_cast<Derived*>(p);
		dp->fcnB();
	} else
		p->fcnA();
}

int main(void) {
	Base* cp = new Derived;
	std::cout << typeid(cp).name() << std::endl;
	std::cout << typeid(*cp).name() << std::endl;
	std::cout << typeid(&(*cp)).name() << std::endl;
	fcnC(cp);
	fcnD(cp);
	Base* dp = new Base;
	fcnC(dp);
	fcnD(dp);

	return 0;
}

输出:

 

 

P4Base
7Derived
P4Base
derived
derived
base
base

以上代码只是示例, 

 

具体使用时, 避免使用dynamic_cast<>和typeid()去判断类型, 直接通过多态即可.

注意多态的绑定只能通过指针, 如fcnC(Base*), 或引用, 如fcnD(Base&), 实现动态绑定, 两者效果相同;

都会根据输入的类型,动态绑定虚函数(virtual function).

代码如下:

 

/*
 * test.cpp
 *
 *  Created on: 2014.04.22
 *      Author: Spike
 */

/*eclipse cdt, gcc 4.8.1*/

#include <iostream>
#include <typeinfo>


using namespace std;

class Base {
public:
	virtual void fcn() {
		std::cout << "base" << std::endl;
	}
};

class Derived : public Base {
public:
	virtual void fcn() override {
		std::cout << "derived" << std::endl;
	}
};

void fcnC(Base* p) {
	p->fcn();
}

void fcnD(Base& p) {
	p.fcn();
}

int main(void) {
	Base* cp = new Derived;
	std::cout << typeid(cp).name() << std::endl;
	std::cout << typeid(*cp).name() << std::endl;
	fcnC(cp);
	fcnD(*cp);
	Base* dp = new Base;
	fcnC(dp);
	fcnD(*dp);

	Base& cr = *cp;
	std::cout << typeid(&cr).name() << std::endl;
	std::cout << typeid(cr).name() << std::endl;
	fcnC(&cr);
	fcnD(cr);
	Base& dr = *dp;
	fcnC(&dr);
	fcnD(dr);

	return 0;
}

输出:

 

 

P4Base
7Derived
derived
derived
base
base
P4Base
7Derived
derived
derived
base
base