背包的Java数组与链表实现

背包

背包是一种只存不取的数据结构

接口

public interface IBag<Item> extends Iterable<Item> {
    /**
     * 添加元素
     * 
     * @param item
     *            元素
     */
    void add(Item item);

    /**
     * 返回是否为空
     * 
     * @return boolean
     */
    boolean isEmpty();

    /**
     * 返回背包中元素的数量
     * 
     * @return 数量
     */
    int size();
}

Test

使用抽象Test类对接口进行测试

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import edu.princeton.cs.algs4.StdOut;

public abstract class AbstractBagTest<T extends IBag<Double>> {
    private T instance;

    protected abstract T createInstance();

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        instance = createInstance();
    }

    @Test
    public void testMain() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

            instance.add(Math.random());
        }

        int size = instance.size();

        double sum = 0.0;

        for (Double x : instance) {
            sum += x;
        }

        double mean = sum / size;

        sum = 0.0;

        for (Double x : instance) {
            sum += (x - mean) * (x - mean);
        }

        double std = Math.sqrt(sum / (size - 1));

        StdOut.printf("Mean: %.2f\n", mean);
        StdOut.printf("Std dev: %.2f\n", std);

    }
}

数组实现

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;

public class ResizingArrayBag<Item> implements IBag<Item> {

    private Item[] a;

    private int size;

    ResizingArrayBag(int cap) {
        a = (Item[])new Object[cap];
    }

    @Override
    public void add(Item item) {
        boolean isFull = isFull();
        if (isFull) {
            // 如果栈满了，将栈扩容一倍
            resize(size * 2);
        }
        a[size++] = item;
    }

    /**
     * 调正数组的大小
     * 
     * @param max
     *            新的数组大小
     */
    private void resize(int max) {

        // 实现逻辑为将栈移动到另一个大小不同的数组中
        Item[] temp = (Item[])new Object[max];
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            temp[i] = a[i];
        }

        a = temp;
    }

    /**
     * 返回栈是否已满
     * 
     * @return boolean
     */
    private boolean isFull() {
        return size >= a.length;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return size == 0;
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<Item> iterator() {
        return new ReverseArrayIterator();
    }

    /**
     * 倒叙遍历迭代器
     *
     */
    public class ReverseArrayIterator implements Iterator<Item> {

        /**
         * 嵌套类可以访问包含它的类的实例变量(size)
         */
        private int i = size;

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {
            return i > 0;
        }

        @Override
        public Item next() {

            if (i <= 0) {
                throw new NoSuchElementException("已经没有元素可以迭代!");
            }

            // 嵌套类可以访问包含它的类的实例变量(a)
            return a[--i];
        }

        @Override
        public void remove() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持remove操作!");
        }
    }
}

链表实现

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.NoSuchElementException;


public class LinkedBag<Item> implements IBag<Item> {

    /**
     * 栈顶；最近添加的元素
     */
    private Node first;

    /**
     * 元素数量
     */
    private int size;

    /**
     * 节点的嵌套类
     */
    private class Node {
        Item item;
        Node next;
    }

    @Override
    public void add(Item item) {
        Node oldFirst = this.first;

        first = new Node();
        first.item = item;
        first.next = oldFirst;

        size++;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return first == null;
    }

    @Override
    public int size() {
        return size;
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<Item> iterator() {
        return new ListIterator();
    }

    private class ListIterator implements Iterator<Item> {

        private Node current = first;

        @Override
        public boolean hasNext() {

            return current != null;
        }

        @Override
        public Item next() {

            if (current == null) {
                throw new NoSuchElementException("没有元素可供遍历了!");
            }

            Item item = current.item;

            current = current.next;

            return item;
        }

        @Override
        public void remove() {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持 remove !");
        }
    }
}