(M)Backtracking:60. Permutation Sequence

感觉应该算是一个找规律题，看了大神的分析才知道怎么做：

a1 = k / (n - 1)!
k1 = k

a2 = k1 / (n - 2)!
k2 = k1 % (n - 2)!
...

an-1 = kn-2 / 1!
kn-1 = kn-2 / 1!

an = kn-1 / 0!
kn = kn-1 % 0!

class Solution {
public:
    string getPermutation(int n, int k) {
        string res;
        string num = "123456789";
        vector<int> f(n, 1);
        for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) f[i] = f[i - 1] * i;
        --k;
        for (int i = n; i >= 1; --i) {
            int j = k / f[i - 1];
            k %= f[i - 1];
            res.push_back(num[j]);
            num.erase(j, 1);
        }
        return res;
    }
};