百度面试经历之设计一个异步执行队列

面试官提出一个问题：设计一个异步执行的队列。我的第一想法是采用阻塞队列，提供向阻塞队列中添加任务的方法，提供启动任务队列中任务的方法，当时的思路比较模糊，在这里写一下。在代码中虽然使用了阻塞队列，但并没有使用阻塞队列的特性。基本上实现了面试官所要求的功能，代码如下

public class AsyncRunnableQueue {
    private static class AsyncRunnableQueueHolder{
        private static final AsyncRunnableQueue INSTANCE = new AsyncRunnableQueue();
    }

    //维护一个阻塞队列
    LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable> linkedBlockingQueue;
    //串行执行线程
    Thread thread;
    //并行执行线程池
    ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(12);
    //停止标志
    boolean isStop;

    private AsyncRunnableQueue(){
        linkedBlockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
    }
    //单例模式维护
    public static final AsyncRunnableQueue getInstance(){
        return AsyncRunnableQueueHolder.INSTANCE;
    }

    public void addRunnable(Runnable runnable){
        if(linkedBlockingQueue != null){
            linkedBlockingQueue.offer(runnable);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 串行执行所有Runnable
     */
    public void runAllTaskSerial() {
        isStop = false;
        if (thread == null) {
            thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    while (!isStop && linkedBlockingQueue.peek() != null) {
                        System.out.println("Serial thread name:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
                        Runnable runnable = linkedBlockingQueue.poll();
                        runnable.run();
                    }
                }
            });
        }
        if (!isStop) {
            thread.start();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 并行执行runnable
     * 串行执行中所有的runnable均在一个线程中串行执行，若runnable是耗时任务，则需要开启多个线程并行执行
     * 这里我们使用线程池
     */
    public void runTaskParallel(){
        isStop = false;
        while(!isStop && linkedBlockingQueue.peek() != null){
            if(fixedThreadPool != null){
                fixedThreadPool.execute(linkedBlockingQueue.poll());
            }
        }
    }

    public void stop(){
        isStop = true;
    }
}

测试代码：

public class AsyncRunnableQueueTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AsyncRunnableQueue queue = AsyncRunnableQueue.getInstance();
        queue.addRunnable(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("runnable 1 currentThread:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }
        });
        queue.addRunnable(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("runnable 2 currentThread:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }
        });
        queue.addRunnable(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("runnable 3 currentThread:"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
            }
        });
//        queue.runAllTaskSerial();
        queue.runTaskParallel();
    }
}

结果：

并行执行结果：

runnable 1 currentThread:pool-1-thread-1
runnable 2 currentThread:pool-1-thread-2
runnable 3 currentThread:pool-1-thread-3

可以看到，三个runnable是在三个不同的线程中跑的

串行执行结果：

Serial thread name:Thread-0
runnable 1 currentThread:Thread-0
Serial thread name:Thread-0
runnable 2 currentThread:Thread-0
Serial thread name:Thread-0
runnable 3 currentThread:Thread-0

可以看到，三个runnable是在同一个线程中串行执行

有兴趣的同学可以一起讨论