u-boot的board.c详解

board.c是start.S后的第一个入口文件。

源代码如下：

/*
 * (C) Copyright 2002-2006
 * Wolfgang Denk, DENX Software Engineering, wd@denx.de.
 *
 * (C) Copyright 2002
 * Sysgo Real-Time Solutions, GmbH <www.elinos.com>
 * Marius Groeger <mgroeger@sysgo.de>
 *
 * See file CREDITS for list of people who contributed to this
 * project.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,
 * MA 02111-1307 USA
 */

/*
 * To match the U-Boot user interface on ARM platforms to the U-Boot
 * standard (as on PPC platforms), some messages with debug character
 * are removed from the default U-Boot build.
 *
 * Define DEBUG here if you want additional info as shown below
 * printed upon startup:
 *
 * U-Boot code: 00F00000 -> 00F3C774  BSS: -> 00FC3274
 * IRQ Stack: 00ebff7c
 * FIQ Stack: 00ebef7c
 */

#include <common.h>
#include <command.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <stdio_dev.h>
#include <timestamp.h>
#include <version.h>
#include <net.h>
#include <serial.h>
#include <nand.h>
#include <onenand_uboot.h>
#include <mmc.h>
#include <asm/arch/s3c24x0_cpu.h>   //tekkamanninja
#include <asm/io.h>   //tekkamanninja

#ifdef CONFIG_BITBANGMII
#include <miiphy.h>
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_DRIVER_SMC91111
#include "../drivers/net/smc91111.h"
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_DRIVER_LAN91C96
#include "../drivers/net/lan91c96.h"
#endif

DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;

ulong monitor_flash_len;

#ifdef CONFIG_HAS_DATAFLASH
extern int  AT91F_DataflashInit(void);
extern void dataflash_print_info(void);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_USB_DEVICE
extern void usb_init_slave(void);
#endif

#ifndef CONFIG_IDENT_STRING
#define CONFIG_IDENT_STRING ""
#endif

const char version_string[] =
	U_BOOT_VERSION" (" U_BOOT_DATE " - " U_BOOT_TIME ")"CONFIG_IDENT_STRING;

#ifdef CONFIG_DRIVER_RTL8019
extern void rtl8019_get_enetaddr (uchar * addr);
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_HARD_I2C) || \
    defined(CONFIG_SOFT_I2C)
#include <i2c.h>
#endif

#if 0
/************************************************************************
 * Coloured LED functionality
 ************************************************************************
 * May be supplied by boards if desired
 */
void inline __coloured_LED_init (void) {}
void coloured_LED_init (void) __attribute__((weak, alias("__coloured_LED_init")));
void inline __red_LED_on (void) {}
void red_LED_on (void) __attribute__((weak, alias("__red_LED_on")));
void inline __red_LED_off(void) {}
void red_LED_off(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("__red_LED_off")));
void inline __green_LED_on(void) {}
void green_LED_on(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("__green_LED_on")));
void inline __green_LED_off(void) {}
void green_LED_off(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("__green_LED_off")));
void inline __yellow_LED_on(void) {}
void yellow_LED_on(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("__yellow_LED_on")));
void inline __yellow_LED_off(void) {}
void yellow_LED_off(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("__yellow_LED_off")));
void inline __blue_LED_on(void) {}
void blue_LED_on(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("__blue_LED_on")));
void inline __blue_LED_off(void) {}
void blue_LED_off(void) __attribute__((weak, alias("__blue_LED_off")));
#endif

/************************************************************************
 * Init Utilities							*
 ************************************************************************
 * Some of this code should be moved into the core functions,
 * or dropped completely,
 * but let's get it working (again) first...
 */

#if defined(CONFIG_ARM_DCC) && !defined(CONFIG_BAUDRATE)
#define CONFIG_BAUDRATE 115200
#endif
static int init_baudrate (void)
{
	char tmp[64];	/* long enough for environment variables */
	int i = getenv_r ("baudrate", tmp, sizeof (tmp));
	gd->bd->bi_baudrate = gd->baudrate = (i > 0)
			? (int) simple_strtoul (tmp, NULL, 10)
			: CONFIG_BAUDRATE;

	return (0);
}

static int display_banner (void)
{
#if defined(CONFIG_MINI2440_LED) 	
	struct s3c24x0_gpio * const gpio = s3c24x0_get_base_gpio();
	writel(0x101, &gpio->GPBDAT);  //tekkamanninja
#endif
	printf ("\n\n%s\n\n", version_string);	
	printf (" modified by tekkamanninja (tekkamanninja@163.com)\n");
	printf (" Love Linux forever!!\n\n");
	debug ("U-Boot code: %08lX -> %08lX  BSS: -> %08lX\n",
	       _armboot_start, _bss_start, _bss_end);
#ifdef CONFIG_MODEM_SUPPORT
	debug ("Modem Support enabled\n");
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ
	debug ("IRQ Stack: %08lx\n", IRQ_STACK_START);
	debug ("FIQ Stack: %08lx\n", FIQ_STACK_START);
#endif

	return (0);
}

/*
 * WARNING: this code looks "cleaner" than the PowerPC version, but
 * has the disadvantage that you either get nothing, or everything.
 * On PowerPC, you might see "DRAM: " before the system hangs - which
 * gives a simple yet clear indication which part of the
 * initialization if failing.
 */
static int display_dram_config (void)
{
	int i;

#ifdef DEBUG
	puts ("RAM Configuration:\n");

	for(i=0; i<CONFIG_NR_DRAM_BANKS; i++) {
		printf ("Bank #%d: %08lx ", i, gd->bd->bi_dram[i].start);
		print_size (gd->bd->bi_dram[i].size, "\n");
	}
#else
	ulong size = 0;

	for (i=0; i<CONFIG_NR_DRAM_BANKS; i++) {
		size += gd->bd->bi_dram[i].size;
	}
	puts("DRAM:  ");
	print_size(size, "\n");
#endif

	return (0);
}

#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_NO_FLASH
static void display_flash_config (ulong size)
{
	puts ("Flash: ");
	print_size (size, "\n");
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SYS_NO_FLASH */

#if defined(CONFIG_HARD_I2C) || defined(CONFIG_SOFT_I2C)
static int init_func_i2c (void)
{
	puts ("I2C:   ");
	i2c_init (CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SPEED, CONFIG_SYS_I2C_SLAVE);
	puts ("ready\n");
	return (0);
}
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_PCI) || defined (CONFIG_PCI)
#include <pci.h>
static int arm_pci_init(void)
{
	pci_init();
	return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_CMD_PCI || CONFIG_PCI */

/*
 * Breathe some life into the board...
 *
 * Initialize a serial port as console, and carry out some hardware
 * tests.
 *
 * The first part of initialization is running from Flash memory;
 * its main purpose is to initialize the RAM so that we
 * can relocate the monitor code to RAM.
 */

/*
 * All attempts to come up with a "common" initialization sequence
 * that works for all boards and architectures failed: some of the
 * requirements are just _too_ different. To get rid of the resulting
 * mess of board dependent #ifdef'ed code we now make the whole
 * initialization sequence configurable to the user.
 *
 * The requirements for any new initalization function is simple: it
 * receives a pointer to the "global data" structure as it's only
 * argument, and returns an integer return code, where 0 means
 * "continue" and != 0 means "fatal error, hang the system".
 */
	typedef int (init_fnc_t) (void);	/*声明一个 init_fnc_t 类型（int型）*/
	
	int print_cpuinfo (void);
	/*init_sequence是一个指针数组，指向的是init_fnc_t类型的函数（这样遍历指针数组一次执行所有函数）*/
	init_fnc_t *init_sequence[] = {
#if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_CPU_INIT)
		arch_cpu_init,		/* basic arch cpu dependent setup >>这里没有被使用<<*/ 
#endif
		board_init, 	/* basic board dependent setup 板级初始化*/
#if defined(CONFIG_USE_IRQ)
		interrupt_init, 	/* set up exceptions  中断初始化*/
#endif
		timer_init, 	/* initialize timer  定时器初始化*/
#ifdef CONFIG_FSL_ESDHC
		get_clocks,
#endif
		env_init,		/* initialize environment  环境变量初始化*/
		init_baudrate,		/* initialze baudrate settings	波特率初始化*/
		serial_init,		/* serial communications setup	串口初始化*/
		console_init_f, 	/* stage 1 init of console	终端初始化*/
		display_banner, 	/* say that we are here  打印信息*/
#if defined(CONFIG_DISPLAY_CPUINFO)
		print_cpuinfo,		/* display cpu info (and speed)  打印cpu信息*/
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_DISPLAY_BOARDINFO)
		checkboard, 	/* display board info */
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_HARD_I2C) || defined(CONFIG_SOFT_I2C)	/*I2C初始化*/
		init_func_i2c,
#endif
		dram_init,		/* configure available RAM banks */
#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_PCI) || defined (CONFIG_PCI)
		arm_pci_init,
#endif
		display_dram_config,
		NULL,
	};

/*入口函数，start.S后执行的第一个函数*/
void start_armboot (void)
{
	init_fnc_t **init_fnc_ptr;/*init_fnc_ptr为指向函数指针的指针*/
	char *s;
#if defined(CONFIG_VFD) || defined(CONFIG_LCD)
	unsigned long addr;
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_MINI2440_LED) 	
	struct s3c24x0_gpio * const gpio = s3c24x0_get_base_gpio();  //gpio是指向以0x56000000为基地址的s3c24x0_gpio结构体指针
#endif
	/* Pointer is writable since we allocated a register for it */
	gd = (gd_t*)(_armboot_start - CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN - sizeof(gd_t));  //初始化gd指针，gd指向一个可用的内存地址
	/* compiler optimization barrier needed for GCC >= 3.4 */
	__asm__ __volatile__("": : :"memory");

	memset ((void*)gd, 0, sizeof (gd_t));
	gd->bd = (bd_t*)((char*)gd - sizeof(bd_t));
	memset (gd->bd, 0, sizeof (bd_t));

	gd->flags |= GD_FLG_RELOC;
/*这里需要注意的是_bss_start和_armboot_start在汇编中引用表示地址，而在C中，对汇编中的全局标号的引用，其值不再是地址，而是地址对应内存单元中的数据*/
	monitor_flash_len = _bss_start - _armboot_start;
/*遍历执行初始化函数*/
/*init_fnc_ptr初始化指向init_sequence指针数组，下面的循环遇到NULL结束*/
/*init_fnc_ptr ()和init_sequence; 只是(*init_fnc_ptr )();简写形式而已。我们之所以可以init_fnc_ptr ();这样调用函数，只是编译器帮我们做了调整而已。*/
	for (init_fnc_ptr = init_sequence; *init_fnc_ptr; ++init_fnc_ptr) {
		if ((*init_fnc_ptr)() != 0) {/*(*init_fnc_ptr)()为C中调用指针指向的函数*/
			hang ();
		}
	
	}
/*mem_malloc_init()函数为malloc申请内存空间：*/
	/* armboot_start is defined in the board-specific linker script */
	mem_malloc_init (_armboot_start - CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN,
			CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN);
/*增加对NorFlash的支持*/
#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_NO_FLASH
	/* configure available FLASH banks */
	display_flash_config (flash_init ());  /*初始化flash*/
#endif /* CONFIG_SYS_NO_FLASH */

#ifdef CONFIG_VFD
#	ifndef PAGE_SIZE
#	  define PAGE_SIZE 4096
#	endif
	/*
	 * reserve memory for VFD display (always full pages)
	 */
	/* bss_end is defined in the board-specific linker script */
	addr = (_bss_end + (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
	vfd_setmem (addr);
	gd->fb_base = addr;
#endif /* CONFIG_VFD */

#ifdef CONFIG_LCD
	/* board init may have inited fb_base */
	if (!gd->fb_base) {
#		ifndef PAGE_SIZE
#		  define PAGE_SIZE 4096
#		endif
		/*
		 * reserve memory for LCD display (always full pages)
		 */
		/* bss_end is defined in the board-specific linker script */
		addr = (_bss_end + (PAGE_SIZE - 1)) & ~(PAGE_SIZE - 1);
		lcd_setmem (addr);
		gd->fb_base = addr;
	}
#endif /* CONFIG_LCD */

#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_NAND)
	puts ("NAND:  ");
	nand_init();		/* go init the NAND */
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_ONENAND)
	onenand_init();
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_HAS_DATAFLASH
	AT91F_DataflashInit();
	dataflash_print_info();
#endif

	/* initialize environment */
	env_relocate ();

#ifdef CONFIG_VFD
	/* must do this after the framebuffer is allocated */
	drv_vfd_init();
#endif /* CONFIG_VFD */

#ifdef CONFIG_SERIAL_MULTI
	serial_initialize();
#endif

	/* IP Address */
	gd->bd->bi_ip_addr = getenv_IPaddr ("ipaddr");

	stdio_init ();	/* get the devices list going. */

	jumptable_init ();

#if defined(CONFIG_API)
	/* Initialize API */
	api_init ();
#endif

	console_init_r ();	/* fully init console as a device */

#if defined(CONFIG_ARCH_MISC_INIT)
	/* miscellaneous arch dependent initialisations */
	arch_misc_init ();
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_MISC_INIT_R)
	/* miscellaneous platform dependent initialisations */
	misc_init_r ();
#endif
	/* enable exceptions */
	enable_interrupts ();

#ifdef CONFIG_USB_DEVICE
	usb_init_slave();
#endif
	/* Perform network card initialisation if necessary */
#ifdef CONFIG_DRIVER_TI_EMAC
	/* XXX: this needs to be moved to board init */
extern void davinci_eth_set_mac_addr (const u_int8_t *addr);
	if (getenv ("ethaddr")) {
		uchar enetaddr[6];
		eth_getenv_enetaddr("ethaddr", enetaddr);
		davinci_eth_set_mac_addr(enetaddr);
	}
#endif

#if defined(CONFIG_DRIVER_SMC91111) || defined (CONFIG_DRIVER_LAN91C96)
	/* XXX: this needs to be moved to board init */
	if (getenv ("ethaddr")) {
		uchar enetaddr[6];
		eth_getenv_enetaddr("ethaddr", enetaddr);
		smc_set_mac_addr(enetaddr);
	}
#endif /* CONFIG_DRIVER_SMC91111 || CONFIG_DRIVER_LAN91C96 */

	/* Initialize from environment */
	if ((s = getenv ("loadaddr")) != NULL) {
		load_addr = simple_strtoul (s, NULL, 16);
	}
#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_NET)
	if ((s = getenv ("bootfile")) != NULL) {
		copy_filename (BootFile, s, sizeof (BootFile));
	}
#endif

#ifdef BOARD_LATE_INIT
	board_late_init ();
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_GENERIC_MMC
	puts ("MMC:   ");
	mmc_initialize (gd->bd);
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_BITBANGMII
	bb_miiphy_init();
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_NET)
#if defined(CONFIG_NET_MULTI)
	puts ("Net:   ");
#endif
	eth_initialize(gd->bd);
#if defined(CONFIG_RESET_PHY_R)
	debug ("Reset Ethernet PHY\n");
	reset_phy();
#endif
#endif
#if defined(CONFIG_MINI2440_LED) 	
	writel(0x0, &gpio->GPBDAT);  //tekkamanninja
#endif
 
#if defined(CONFIG_CFB_CONSOLE)        
	printf ("%s\n", version_string);
	printf ("modified by tekkamanninja\n(tekkamanninja@163.com)\n");
	printf ("Love Linux forever!!\n");
#endif
	/* main_loop() can return to retry autoboot, if so just run it again. */
	for (;;) {
		main_loop ();
	}

	/* NOTREACHED - no way out of command loop except booting */
}

void hang (void)
{
	puts ("### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###\n");
	for (;;);
}

关于start_armboot 详细分析

start_armboot 是uboot汇编启动代码start.S执行完后的后第一个c函数。

start_armboot 会马上申请三块空间，一块用来分配给malloc管理，一份用来存储gd_t,一份用来存储bd_t （如上图所示）。

1、分配gd空间

gd = (gd_t*)(_armboot_start - CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN - sizeof(gd_t)); 

2、分配bd空间

memset ((void*)gd, 0, sizeof (gd_t));
	gd->bd = (bd_t*)((char*)gd - sizeof(bd_t));
	memset (gd->bd, 0, sizeof (bd_t));

3、分配malloc空间

mem_malloc_init (_armboot_start - CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN,
		CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN);

malloc（）是动态内存分配函数，用来向系统请求分配内存空间。当无法知道内存具体的位置时，
想要绑定真正的内存空间，就要用到malloc（）函数。因为malloc只管分配内存空间，并不能对分
配的空间进行初始化，所以申请到的内存中的值是随机的，经常会使用memset()进行置0操作后再使用。

与其配套的是free（），当申请到的空间不再使用时，要用free（）函数将内存空间释放掉，这样可以
提高资源利用率，最重要的是----就是因为它可以申请内存空间，然后根据需要进行释放，才被称为“动态内存分配”！