iOS10之后Core Data应用

3:Core Data的应用

托管物件内容(Managed Object Context)
托管物件模型(Managed Object Model)
持久性存储协调器(Persistent Store Coordinator)
持久性存储器(Persistent Store)

iOS10之前的
iOS10之后导入了一个名为
NSPersistentContainer的新类别(存取资料)来简化App中的CoreData

首先在AppDelegate中
添加

lazy var persistentContainer:NSPersistentContainer = {
// 以名为”FoodPin”的持久存储器来初始化
        let container = NSPersistentContainer(name: "FoodPin")
        container.loadPersistentStores(completionHandler: { (storeDescription, error) in
            if let error = error as NSError? {
                fatalError("Unresolved error \(error), \(error.userInfo)")
            }
        })
        return container
    }()

    //提供资料存储的辅助方法(插入,删除,更新时使用)
    func saveContext() {
        let context = persistentContainer.viewContext
        if context.hasChanges {
            do{
                try context.save()
            }catch{
                let nserror = error as NSError
                fatalError("Unresolved error \(nserror), \(nserror.userInfo)")
            }
        }
    }

然后建立一个资料模型DataModel它的后缀为FoodPin.xcdatamodeld



选择它来开启资料模型编辑器(Data Model Editor),可以建立实体(Entity)给资料模型
然后给实体添加字段及字段类型,其中image是Binary Data
建立托管物(RestaurantMO)
选取Restaurant实例,然后至资料模型检测器中看到Class区域,将Class命名为RestaurantMO
,然后设定Codegen选项为Class Definition,然后按下command+B按钮让Xcode帮你产生这个类
如果此时遇到错误,选取Product-> Clean再次按下command+B就可以了

存储

 @IBAction func saveButtomTapped(_ sender: UIBarButtonItem) {
        if let appDelegate = (UIApplication.shared.delegate as? AppDelegate) {
            restaurant = RestaurantMO(context: appDelegate.persistentContainer.viewContext)
            restaurant.name = nameTextField.text
            restaurant.type = typeTextField.text
            restaurant.location = addressTextField.text
            restaurant.phone = phoneTextField.text
            restaurant.summary = descriptionTextView.text
            restaurant.isVisited = false

            if let restaurantImage = photoImageView.image{
                restaurant.image = UIImagePNGRepresentation(restaurantImage)
            }
            print("Saving data to context ...")
            appDelegate.saveContext()
        }
    }

NSFetchResultController是特别设计用来处理Core Data读取请求后所回传的结果,并直接提供资料给表格视图,遵守NSFetchResultControllerDelegate协议
var fetchResultController:NSFetchedResultsController!
// 从资料存储器中读取资料(在viewDidLoad方法中写入)

 // 先从RestaurantMO取得NSFetchRequest物件,使用NSSortDescriptor物件来指定排序,这里我们使用name作为键来指定RestaurantMO物件为升序排列
        let fetchRequest:NSFetchRequest<RestaurantMO> = RestaurantMO.fetchRequest()
        let sortDescriptor = NSSortDescriptor(key: "name", ascending: true)
        fetchRequest.sortDescriptors = [sortDescriptor]
        if let appDelegate = (UIApplication.shared.delegate as? AppDelegate){
            let context = appDelegate.persistentContainer.viewContext
            //读取请求见了完成之后,我们初始化fetchResultController,并指定委派来监听资料的变化情况.
            fetchResultController = NSFetchedResultsController(fetchRequest: fetchRequest, managedObjectContext: context, sectionNameKeyPath: nil, cacheName: nil)
    fetchResultController.delegate = self  
    do{
         // 最后调用performFetch()方法来执行读取结果
       try fetchResultController.performFetch()
       if let fetchedObjects = fetchResultController.fetchedObjects{
  // 存取fetchedObjects属性来取得RestaurantMO物件
  restaurants = fetchedObjects
                }
            }catch{
               print(error)
            }
        }



看NSFetchResultControllerDelegate协议:
controllerWillChangeContent(_:)
controller(_:didChange:at:for:newIndexPath)
controllerDidChangeContent(_:)

func controllerWillChangeContent(_ controller: NSFetchedResultsController<NSFetchRequestResult>) {
        tableView.beginUpdates()
    }

    func controller(_ controller: NSFetchedResultsController<NSFetchRequestResult>, didChange anObject: Any, at indexPath: IndexPath?, for type: NSFetchedResultsChangeType, newIndexPath: IndexPath?) {
        switch type {
            case .insert:
                if let newIndexPath = newIndexPath {
                    tableView.insertRows(at: [newIndexPath], with: .fade)
                }
            case .delete:
                if let indexPath = indexPath {
                    tableView.deleteRows(at: [indexPath], with: .fade)
                }
            case .update:
                if let indexPath = indexPath{
                    tableView.reloadRows(at: [indexPath], with: .fade)
                }
            default:
                tableView.reloadData()
        }

        if let fetchedObjects = controller.fetchedObjects{
            restaurants = fetchedObjects as! [RestaurantMO]
        }
    }

    func controllerDidChangeContent(_ controller: NSFetchedResultsController<NSFetchRequestResult>) {
        tableView.endUpdates()
    }

// 删除 从资料存储器删除一列

if let appDelegate = (UIApplication.shared.delegate as? AppDelegate){
let context = appDelegate.persistentContainer.viewContext
let restaurantToDelete = self.fetchResultController.object(at: indexPath)
context.delete(restaurantToDelete)
appDelegate.saveContext()
}