服务器端和客户端，头文件和细节函数等，写下备忘。
server 阻塞版本如下：
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:14px;"><strong>#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[] ){
int server_socket = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(server_socket < 0) {
perror("socket:");
exit(-1);
}
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("208.208.103.13");
server_addr.sin_port = htons(2288);
if( bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) )
{
perror("bind:");
exit(-1);
}
if( listen(server_socket, 100) ){
perror("listen");
exit(-1);
}
printf("listen success!\n");
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(client_addr);
int new_client_fd = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &addrlen);
printf("new client connect!:%s\n", inet_ntoa( client_addr.sin_addr) );
char buffer[1024];
while(1){
int iRet = read (new_client_fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if(0 > iRet){
perror("read:"); exit(-1);
}
printf("read:%s\n", buffer);
memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
strcpy(buffer, "server");
iRet = write (new_client_fd, buffer, strlen(buffer));
if(0 > iRet){
perror("write:"); exit(-1);
}
printf("write:%s\n", buffer);
}
close(server_socket);
return 0;
}</strong></span>server 非阻塞select版本如下：
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:14px;"><strong>#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[] ){
int server_socket = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(server_socket < 0) {
perror("socket:");
exit(-1);
}
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("208.208.103.13");
server_addr.sin_port = htons(2288);
if( bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) )
{
perror("bind:");
exit(-1);
}
if( listen(server_socket, 100) ){
perror("listen");
exit(-1);
}
printf("listen success!\n");
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(client_addr);
int new_client_fd = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &addrlen);
printf("new client connect!:%s\n", inet_ntoa( client_addr.sin_addr) );
int iRet;
char buffer[1024] = {};
fd_set fread;
while(1){
FD_ZERO(&fread);
FD_ZERO(&fwrite);
FD_SET (new_client_fd, &fread);
select(new_client_fd+1, &fread, NULL, NULL, 0);
if(FD_ISSET(new_client_fd, &fread)) {
iRet = read (new_client_fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if(0 > iRet){
perror("read:"); exit(-1);
}
printf("read:%s\n", buffer);
}
}
close(server_socket);
return 0;
}</strong></span><span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:14px;"><strong>#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
typedef void (*readClt) (void);
int new_client_fd;
void readClient(void){
char buffer[1024] = {};
int iRet = read (new_client_fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if(0 > iRet){
perror("read:"); exit(-1);
}
printf("read:%s\n", buffer);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[] ){
int server_socket = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(server_socket < 0) {
perror("socket:");
exit(-1);
}
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("208.208.103.13");
server_addr.sin_port = htons(2288);
if( bind(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)) )
{
perror("bind:");
exit(-1);
}
if( listen(server_socket, 100) ){
perror("listen");
exit(-1);
}
printf("listen success!\n");
struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(client_addr);
new_client_fd = accept(server_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &addrlen);
printf("new client connect!:%s\n", inet_ntoa( client_addr.sin_addr) );
struct epoll_event stEvent;
memset(&stEvent, 0, sizeof(stEvent));
stEvent.events = EPOLLIN; /* 文件描述符可读 */
stEvent.data.ptr = (void*)readClient; /* 事件私有数据：此处保存回调函数的指针 */
int epfd = epoll_create (128);
epoll_ctl( epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, new_client_fd, &stEvent);
while(1){
struct epoll_event stEvent;
int iRet = epoll_wait ( epfd, &stEvent, 1, 2000);
if (iRet < 0 ) {
printf("Error:epoll_wait!\n");
}
((readClt)stEvent.data.ptr)(); /* 调用回调函数 */
}
close(server_socket);
return 0;
}</strong></span>client 如下：
<span style="font-family:KaiTi_GB2312;font-size:14px;"><strong>#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[] ){
int client_socket = socket( AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if(client_socket < 0) {
perror("socket:");
exit(-1);
}
struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("208.208.103.13");
server_addr.sin_port = htons(2288);
socklen_t server_addr_length = sizeof(server_addr);
if( connect (client_socket, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, server_addr_length) ){
perror("connect:");
exit(-1);
}
printf("connect success!\n");
char buffer[1024] ;
while(1) {
strcpy(buffer, "client");
int iRet = write (client_socket, buffer, strlen(buffer));
if(0 > iRet){
perror("write:"); exit(-1);
}
printf("write:%s\n", buffer);
sleep(1);
memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
iRet = read (client_socket, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if(0 > iRet){
perror("read:"); exit(-1);
}
printf("read:%s\n", buffer);
sleep(1);
}
close(client_socket);
return 0;
}</strong></span>》》epoll知识点《《
epoll 相比于 select，epoll最大的好处在于它不会随着监听fd数目的增长而降低效率。因为在内核中的select实现中，它是采用轮询来处理的，轮询的fd数目越多，自然耗时越多。并且，在 linux/posix_types.h 头文件有这样的声明： #define __FD_SETSIZE 1024 表示select最多同时监听1024个fd，当然，可以通过修改头文件再重编译内核来扩大这个数目，但这似乎并不治本。
=====================
epoll的接口非常简单，一共就三个函数：
1、 int epoll_create(int size); 返回一个 epoll的句柄，size 内核监听的数目。当创建好epoll句柄后，它就是会占用一个fd值，在linux下查看/proc/进程id/fd/，能够看到，所以在使用完epoll后，必须调用close()关闭，否则可能导致fd被耗尽。
2、int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event); epoll的事件注册函数，它不同与select()是在监听事件时告诉内核要监听什么类型的事件，而是在这里先注册要监听的事件类型。
@epfd 是epoll的句柄，即epoll_create()的返回值；
@op 表示动作，用三个宏来表示：
EPOLL_CTL_ADD：注册新的fd到epfd中；
EPOLL_CTL_MOD：修改已经注册的fd的监听事件；
EPOLL_CTL_DEL：从epfd中删除一个fd；
@fd 是需要监听的fd；
@event是告诉内核需要监听什么事；
struct epoll_event 结构如下：
typedef union epoll_data { void *ptr; int fd; __uint32_t u32; __uint64_t u64; } epoll_data_t;
struct epoll_event { _uint32_t events; epoll_data_t data; };
events 可以是以下几个宏的集合：
EPOLLIN ：表示对应的文件描述符可以读（包括对端SOCKET正常关闭）；
EPOLLOUT：表示对应的文件描述符可以写；
EPOLLPRI：表示对应的文件描述符有紧急的数据可读；
EPOLLERR：表示对应的文件描述符发生错误；
EPOLLHUP：表示对应的文件描述符被挂断；
EPOLLET：将EPOLL设为边缘触发(Edge Triggered)模式，这是相对于水平触发(Level Triggered)来说的；
EPOLLONESHOT：只监听一次事件，当监听完这次事件之后，如果还需要继续监听这个socket的话，需要再次把这个socket加入到EPOLL队列里。
3、int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event * events, int maxevents, int timeout);
等待事件的产生，类似于select()调用。
@events 用来从内核得到事件的集合；
@maxevents 告之内核该events有大小，maxevents的值不能大于创建epoll_create()时的size
@timeout 超时时间（毫秒，0会立即返回）
@RETURN：需要处理的事件数目，如返回0表示已超时。
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