- static int __init spi_init(void)
- {
- int status;
-
- buf = kmalloc(SPI_BUFSIZ, GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!buf) {
- status = -ENOMEM;
- goto err0;
- }
-
- status = bus_register(&spi_bus_type);
- if (status < 0)
- goto err1;
-
- status = class_register(&spi_master_class);
- if (status < 0)
- goto err2;
- return 0;
-
- err2:
- bus_unregister(&spi_bus_type);
- err1:
- kfree(buf);
- buf = NULL;
- err0:
- return status;
- }
- postcore_initcall(spi_init);
说明:
1) 由postcore_initcall(spi_init);可以看出,此宏在系统初始化时是先于module_init()执行的。
2) 申请的buf空间用于在spi数据传输中。
3) 接下来是总线注册和类注册,首先看下总线注册。
- struct subsys_private {
- struct kset subsys;
- struct kset *devices_kset;
-
- struct kset *drivers_kset;
- struct klist klist_devices;
- struct klist klist_drivers;
- struct blocking_notifier_head bus_notifier;
- unsigned int drivers_autoprobe:1;
- struct bus_type *bus;
-
- struct list_head class_interfaces;
- struct kset glue_dirs;
- struct mutex class_mutex;
- struct class *class;
- };
- struct bus_type {
- const char *name;
- struct bus_attribute *bus_attrs;
- struct device_attribute *dev_attrs;
- struct driver_attribute *drv_attrs;
-
- int (*match)(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv);
- int (*uevent)(struct device *dev, struct kobj_uevent_env *env);
- int (*probe)(struct device *dev);
- int (*remove)(struct device *dev);
- void (*shutdown)(struct device *dev);
-
- int (*suspend)(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
- int (*resume)(struct device *dev);
-
- const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
-
- struct subsys_private *p;
- };
- struct bus_type spi_bus_type = {
- .name = "spi",
- .dev_attrs = spi_dev_attrs,
- .match = spi_match_device,
- .uevent = spi_uevent,
- .pm = &spi_pm,
- };
- int bus_register(struct bus_type *bus)
- {
- int retval;
- struct subsys_private *priv;
-
- priv = kzalloc(sizeof(struct subsys_private), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!priv)
- return -ENOMEM;
-
- priv->bus = bus;
- bus->p = priv;
-
- BLOCKING_INIT_NOTIFIER_HEAD(&priv->bus_notifier);
- //总线的名字”spi”,我们说过了一个kobject对应一个目录,这里为这个目录赋值名字
- retval = kobject_set_name(&priv->subsys.kobj, "%s", bus->name);
- if (retval)
- goto out;
-
- priv->subsys.kobj.kset = bus_kset;
- priv->subsys.kobj.ktype = &bus_ktype;
- priv->drivers_autoprobe = 1;
- //创建devices命名的目录
- retval = kset_register(&priv->subsys);
- if (retval)
- goto out;
- //创建属性文件
- retval = bus_create_file(bus, &bus_attr_uevent);
- if (retval)
- goto bus_uevent_fail;
-
- priv->devices_kset = kset_create_and_add("devices", NULL,
- &priv->subsys.kobj);
- if (!priv->devices_kset) {
- retval = -ENOMEM;
- goto bus_devices_fail;
- }
-
- priv->drivers_kset = kset_create_and_add("drivers", NULL,
- &priv->subsys.kobj);
- if (!priv->drivers_kset) {
- retval = -ENOMEM;
- goto bus_drivers_fail;
- }
-
- klist_init(&priv->klist_devices, klist_devices_get, klist_devices_put);
- klist_init(&priv->klist_drivers, NULL, NULL);
-
- retval = add_probe_files(bus); //添加探测属性
- if (retval)
- goto bus_probe_files_fail;
-
- retval = bus_add_attrs(bus); //添加其他属性
- if (retval)
- goto bus_attrs_fail;
-
- pr_debug("bus: '%s': registered\n", bus->name);
- return 0;
-
- bus_attrs_fail:
- remove_probe_files(bus);
- bus_probe_files_fail:
- kset_unregister(bus->p->drivers_kset);
- bus_drivers_fail:
- kset_unregister(bus->p->devices_kset);
- bus_devices_fail:
- bus_remove_file(bus, &bus_attr_uevent);
- bus_uevent_fail:
- kset_unregister(&bus->p->subsys);
- out:
- kfree(bus->p);
- bus->p = NULL;
- return retval;
- }
说明:
1) 首先不管是设备还是驱动,都是挂接在某条总线上的,也就是说我们根据总线类型的不同来区分各种设备和驱动。
2) 从总线注册函数bus_register(struct bus_type *bus)中可以发现,首先申请了一个subsys_private结构体内存。该结构体中包含了三个kset结构,分别是struct kset subsys、struct kset *devices_kset和struct kset *drivers_kset。
3) subsys是用来向上链接的。
4) 当发现一个设备或者驱动的时候,对于每一次设备或者驱动注册(设备是被插入了,驱动就是.ko模块被加载),都得分配一个device或者device_drive结构,每一次都需要将device结构挂入drivers或devices(kset结构)链表中,这样才能通过总线找到挂接在这个总线上的所有设备和驱动。这里仅仅将设备和驱动挂接在总线上,并不能表明设备和驱动之间的关系,这样的处理仅仅表明了驱动、设备与总线的关系,它们申明了我现在挂接在这条总线上,以后操作我就通过这条总线。
5) 总线的目录名为”spi”。也就是说在/sys/bus目录下有一个spi目录,即/sys/bus/spi。内核中有spi总线驱动,bus_register(&spi_bus_type)就是用来注册总线的,该函数调用完成后,就会在/sys/bus/目录下创建spi目录。
接下来看下总线中spi_match_device()函数,此函数在(四)中的设备注册中会调用,如下:
- static int spi_match_device(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- const struct spi_device *spi = to_spi_device(dev);
- const struct spi_driver *sdrv = to_spi_driver(drv);
-
- /* Attempt an OF style match */
- if (of_driver_match_device(dev, drv))
- return 1;
-
- if (sdrv->id_table)
- return !!spi_match_id(sdrv->id_table, spi);
-
- return strcmp(spi->modalias, drv->name) == 0;
- }
说明:
1) 首先查看驱动和设备是否匹配,如果不匹配,退出。
2) 判断驱动中是否支持id数组,如果支持,查找匹配此id的spi_device。
3) 比较设备的名字的和驱动的名字是否相同。
二、spi驱动注册
在《Linux spi驱动分析(四)----SPI设备驱动(W25Q32BV)》中,执行语句spi_register_driver(&w25q_driver);,从而注册spi驱动。函数如下:
- struct spi_driver {
- const struct spi_device_id *id_table;
- int (*probe)(struct spi_device *spi);
- int (*remove)(struct spi_device *spi);
- void (*shutdown)(struct spi_device *spi);
- int (*suspend)(struct spi_device *spi, pm_message_t mesg);
- int (*resume)(struct spi_device *spi);
- struct device_driver driver;
- };
- static struct spi_driver w25q_driver = {
- .driver = {
- .name = "spi-w25q",
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- },
- //.id_table = w25q_ids,
- .probe = w25q_probe,
- .remove = __devexit_p(w25q_remove),
- };
- int spi_register_driver(struct spi_driver *sdrv)
- {
- sdrv->driver.bus = &spi_bus_type;
- if (sdrv->probe)
- sdrv->driver.probe = spi_drv_probe;
- if (sdrv->remove)
- sdrv->driver.remove = spi_drv_remove;
- if (sdrv->shutdown)
- sdrv->driver.shutdown = spi_drv_shutdown;
- return driver_register(&sdrv->driver);
- }
说明:
1) 驱动是如何插入到/sys/bus/drivers/spi目录下的?在driver_register->driver_register->bus_add_driver函数中有个重要的语句drv->kobj.kset = &bus->drivers,这里就是将driver的kobj所属的kset挂接上总线的kset。
2) 在struct spi_driver中指明驱动的名称,这里是"spi-w25q"。
3) spi_register_driver()函数的参数为spi_driver结构。函数定义了bus_type,也就是驱动挂接的总线类型。函数接下来对结构体spi_driver中的device_driver成员赋值。
4) 驱动注册,程序如下
- struct device_driver {
- const char *name; //设备驱动的名字
- struct bus_type *bus; //设备驱动挂接的总线类型
-
- struct module *owner;
- const char *mod_name; /* used for built-in modules */
-
- bool suppress_bind_attrs; /* disables bind/unbind via sysfs */
-
- const struct of_device_id *of_match_table;
-
- int (*probe) (struct device *dev);
- int (*remove) (struct device *dev);
- void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);
- int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
- int (*resume) (struct device *dev);
- const struct attribute_group **groups;
-
- const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
-
- struct driver_private *p;
- };
- int driver_register(struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- int ret;
- struct device_driver *other;
-
- BUG_ON(!drv->bus->p);
-
- if ((drv->bus->probe && drv->probe) ||
- (drv->bus->remove && drv->remove) ||
- (drv->bus->shutdown && drv->shutdown))
- printk(KERN_WARNING "Driver '%s' needs updating - please use "
- "bus_type methods\n", drv->name);
- /* 在kobject结构组成的链表中查找是否已经存在这个驱动,前面讲过,驱动必然挂接在某个总线
- 上,返回值是device_driver结构的指针 */
- other = driver_find(drv->name, drv->bus);
- if (other) {
- put_driver(other);
- printk(KERN_ERR "Error: Driver '%s' is already registered, "
- "aborting...\n", drv->name);
- return -EBUSY;
- }
-
- ret = bus_add_driver(drv);
- if (ret)
- return ret;
- ret = driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups);
- if (ret)
- bus_remove_driver(drv);
- return ret;
- }
说明:
1) driver_register()完成挂接驱动至总线及生成设备树的过程。
2) 首先调用driver_find()函数在spi总线上查找该驱动是否已经存在,如果存在,忙退出。
3) 如果该驱动在SPI总线上不存在,调用bus_add_driver(drv)增加该驱动。
4) 调用driver_add_groups(drv, drv->groups)函数增加驱动组。
接下来看bus_add_driver函数,程序如下:
- int bus_add_driver(struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- struct bus_type *bus;
- struct driver_private *priv;
- int error = 0;
-
- bus = bus_get(drv->bus);
- if (!bus)
- return -EINVAL;
-
- pr_debug("bus: '%s': add driver %s\n", bus->name, drv->name);
-
- priv = kzalloc(sizeof(*priv), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (!priv) {
- error = -ENOMEM;
- goto out_put_bus;
- }
- klist_init(&priv->klist_devices, NULL, NULL);
- priv->driver = drv;
- drv->p = priv;
- priv->kobj.kset = bus->p->drivers_kset;
- error = kobject_init_and_add(&priv->kobj, &driver_ktype, NULL,
- "%s", drv->name);
- if (error)
- goto out_unregister;
-
- if (drv->bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {
- error = driver_attach(drv); //这个函数是重点.
- if (error)
- goto out_unregister;
- }
- klist_add_tail(&priv->knode_bus, &bus->p->klist_drivers);
- module_add_driver(drv->owner, drv);
-
- error = driver_create_file(drv, &driver_attr_uevent);
- if (error) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "%s: uevent attr (%s) failed\n",
- __func__, drv->name);
- }
- error = driver_add_attrs(bus, drv);
- if (error) {
- /* How the hell do we get out of this pickle? Give up */
- printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_add_attrs(%s) failed\n",
- __func__, drv->name);
- }
-
- if (!drv->suppress_bind_attrs) {
- error = add_bind_files(drv);
- if (error) {
- /* Ditto */
- printk(KERN_ERR "%s: add_bind_files(%s) failed\n",
- __func__, drv->name);
- }
- }
-
- kobject_uevent(&priv->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
- return 0;
-
- out_unregister:
- kobject_put(&priv->kobj);
- kfree(drv->p);
- drv->p = NULL;
- out_put_bus:
- bus_put(bus);
- return error;
- }
说明:
1) 首先创建struct driver_private *priv结构体内存,注意此结构体是struct device_driver的成员变量。
2) 初始化priv成员变量。
3) 如果驱动总线支持自动探测,则调用error = driver_attach(drv); 实现探测。由(二)中bus_register()函数可以看出,bus->p->drivers_autoprobe = 1,支持自动探测。
4) driver_attach(drv); 的作用是:如果驱动还未挂接在总线上,挂接它并且调用probe函数进行探测。
- int driver_attach(struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- return bus_for_each_dev(drv->bus, NULL, drv, __driver_attach);
- }
- static int __driver_attach(struct device *dev, void *data)
- {
- struct device_driver *drv = data;
-
- /*
- * Lock device and try to bind to it. We drop the error
- * here and always return 0, because we need to keep trying
- * to bind to devices and some drivers will return an error
- * simply if it didn't support the device.
- *
- * driver_probe_device() will spit a warning if there
- * is an error.
- */
-
- if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev))
- return 0;
-
- if (dev->parent) /* Needed for USB */
- device_lock(dev->parent);
- device_lock(dev);
- if (!dev->driver)
- driver_probe_device(drv, dev); //此函数就是我们要找的函数
- device_unlock(dev);
- if (dev->parent)
- device_unlock(dev->parent);
-
- return 0;
- }
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- int driver_probe_device(struct device_driver *drv, struct device *dev)
- {
- int ret = 0;
-
- if (!device_is_registered(dev))
- return -ENODEV;
-
- pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: matched device %s with driver %s\n",
- drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);
-
- pm_runtime_get_noresume(dev);
- pm_runtime_barrier(dev);
- ret = really_probe(dev, drv);
- pm_runtime_put_sync(dev);
-
- return ret;
- }
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- int ret = 0;
-
- atomic_inc(&probe_count);
- pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: probing driver %s with device %s\n",
- drv->bus->name, __func__, drv->name, dev_name(dev));
- WARN_ON(!list_empty(&dev->devres_head));
-
- dev->driver = drv;
- if (driver_sysfs_add(dev)) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_sysfs_add(%s) failed\n",
- __func__, dev_name(dev));
- goto probe_failed;
- }
-
- if (dev->bus->probe) {
- ret = dev->bus->probe(dev);
- if (ret)
- goto probe_failed;
- } else if (drv->probe) {
- ret = drv->probe(dev);
- if (ret)
- goto probe_failed;
- }
-
- driver_bound(dev);
- ret = 1;
- pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: bound device %s to driver %s\n",
- drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);
- goto done;
-
- probe_failed:
- devres_release_all(dev);
- driver_sysfs_remove(dev);
- dev->driver = NULL;
-
- if (ret != -ENODEV && ret != -ENXIO) {
- /* driver matched but the probe failed */
- printk(KERN_WARNING
- "%s: probe of %s failed with error %d\n",
- drv->name, dev_name(dev), ret);
- }
- /*
- * Ignore errors returned by ->probe so that the next driver can try
- * its luck.
- */
- ret = 0;
- done:
- atomic_dec(&probe_count);
- wake_up(&probe_waitqueue);
- return ret;
- }
说明:
1) 在if (dev->bus->probe)中,由于此处还没有定义设备,所以不执行if里面的程序。在else if (drv->probe)中,驱动里面有探测函数,所以执行ret = drv->probe(dev);。因为此处还没有定义设备,所以此处执行没有效果。
在 bus_for_each_dev函数中可以找到device结构:
- int bus_for_each_dev(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *start,
- void *data, int (*fn)(struct device *, void *))
- {
- struct klist_iter i;
- struct device *dev;
- int error = 0;
-
- if (!bus)
- return -EINVAL;
-
- klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_devices, &i,
- (start ? &start->p->knode_bus : NULL));
-
- while ((dev = next_device(&i)) && !error)
- error = fn(dev, data);
- klist_iter_exit(&i);
- return error;
- }
说明:
1) 查找每个挂接在spi总线上的设备,看他们是否有注册,并调用相应的函数也就是__driver_attach函数。实际上就是查找device结构。
三、spi设备注册
在《Linux spi驱动分析(一)----总线驱动》中,spi_new_device()函数调用了spi_add_device(proxy),程序如下:
- struct device {
- struct device *parent;
-
- struct device_private *p;
-
- struct kobject kobj;
- const char *init_name; /* initial name of the device */
- const struct device_type *type;
-
- struct mutex mutex; /* mutex to synchronize calls to
- * its driver.
- */
-
- struct bus_type *bus; /* type of bus device is on */
- struct device_driver *driver; /* which driver has allocated this
- device */
- void *platform_data; /* Platform specific data, device
- core doesn't touch it */
- struct dev_pm_info power;
- struct dev_power_domain *pwr_domain;
-
- #ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
- int numa_node; /* NUMA node this device is close to */
- #endif
- u64 *dma_mask; /* dma mask (if dma'able device) */
- u64 coherent_dma_mask;/* Like dma_mask, but for
- alloc_coherent mappings as
- not all hardware supports
- 64 bit addresses for consistent
- allocations such descriptors. */
-
- struct device_dma_parameters *dma_parms;
-
- struct list_head dma_pools; /* dma pools (if dma'ble) */
-
- struct dma_coherent_mem *dma_mem; /* internal for coherent mem
- override */
- /* arch specific additions */
- struct dev_archdata archdata;
-
- struct device_node *of_node; /* associated device tree node */
-
- dev_t devt; /* dev_t, creates the sysfs "dev" */
-
- spinlock_t devres_lock;
- struct list_head devres_head;
-
- struct klist_node knode_class;
- struct class *class;
- const struct attribute_group **groups; /* optional groups */
-
- void (*release)(struct device *dev);
- };
- int spi_add_device(struct spi_device *spi)
- {
- static DEFINE_MUTEX(spi_add_lock);
- struct device *dev = spi->master->dev.parent;
- struct device *d;
- int status;
-
- /* Chipselects are numbered 0..max; validate. */
- if (spi->chip_select >= spi->master->num_chipselect) {
- dev_err(dev, "cs%d >= max %d\n",
- spi->chip_select,
- spi->master->num_chipselect);
- return -EINVAL;
- }
-
- /* Set the bus ID string */
- dev_set_name(&spi->dev, "%s.%u", dev_name(&spi->master->dev),
- spi->chip_select);
-
-
- /* We need to make sure there's no other device with this
- * chipselect **BEFORE** we call setup(), else we'll trash
- * its configuration. Lock against concurrent add() calls.
- */
- mutex_lock(&spi_add_lock);
-
- d = bus_find_device_by_name(&spi_bus_type, NULL, dev_name(&spi->dev));
- if (d != NULL) {
- dev_err(dev, "chipselect %d already in use\n",
- spi->chip_select);
- put_device(d);
- status = -EBUSY;
- goto done;
- }
-
- /* Drivers may modify this initial i/o setup, but will
- * normally rely on the device being setup. Devices
- * using SPI_CS_HIGH can't coexist well otherwise...
- */
- status = spi_setup(spi);
- if (status < 0) {
- dev_err(dev, "can't setup %s, status %d\n",
- dev_name(&spi->dev), status);
- goto done;
- }
-
- /* Device may be bound to an active driver when this returns */
- status = device_add(&spi->dev);
- if (status < 0)
- dev_err(dev, "can't add %s, status %d\n",
- dev_name(&spi->dev), status);
- else
- dev_dbg(dev, "registered child %s\n", dev_name(&spi->dev));
-
- done:
- mutex_unlock(&spi_add_lock);
- return status;
- }
说明:
1) 在设备device的定义中,定义了这个设备挂接的总线和驱动。
2) spi_add_device()函数首先判断是否超出最大设备数,如果超过,直接退出。
3) 设置设备名称,此名称即是/sys/bus/spi/devices/下的一个目录。
4) 在spi总线上寻找此设备,如果找到,退出。
5) 调用spi_setup(spi)函数。
6) 调用device_add(&spi->dev)函数对设备进行初始化和注册。程序如下:
- int device_add(struct device *dev)
- {
- struct device *parent = NULL;
- struct class_interface *class_intf;
- int error = -EINVAL;
-
- dev = get_device(dev);
- if (!dev)
- goto done;
-
- if (!dev->p) {
- error = device_private_init(dev);
- if (error)
- goto done;
- }
-
- /*
- * for statically allocated devices, which should all be converted
- * some day, we need to initialize the name. We prevent reading back
- * the name, and force the use of dev_name()
- */
- if (dev->init_name) {
- dev_set_name(dev, "%s", dev->init_name);
- dev->init_name = NULL;
- }
-
- if (!dev_name(dev)) {
- error = -EINVAL;
- goto name_error;
- }
-
- pr_debug("device: '%s': %s\n", dev_name(dev), __func__);
-
- parent = get_device(dev->parent);
- setup_parent(dev, parent);
-
- /* use parent numa_node */
- if (parent)
- set_dev_node(dev, dev_to_node(parent));
-
- /* first, register with generic layer. */
- /* we require the name to be set before, and pass NULL */
- error = kobject_add(&dev->kobj, dev->kobj.parent, NULL);
- if (error)
- goto Error;
-
- /* notify platform of device entry */
- if (platform_notify)
- platform_notify(dev);
-
- error = device_create_file(dev, &uevent_attr);
- if (error)
- goto attrError;
-
- if (MAJOR(dev->devt)) {
- error = device_create_file(dev, &devt_attr);
- if (error)
- goto ueventattrError;
-
- error = device_create_sys_dev_entry(dev);
- if (error)
- goto devtattrError;
-
- devtmpfs_create_node(dev);
- }
-
- error = device_add_class_symlinks(dev);
- if (error)
- goto SymlinkError;
- error = device_add_attrs(dev);
- if (error)
- goto AttrsError;
- error = bus_add_device(dev);
- if (error)
- goto BusError;
- error = dpm_sysfs_add(dev);
- if (error)
- goto DPMError;
- device_pm_add(dev);
-
- /* Notify clients of device addition. This call must come
- * after dpm_sysf_add() and before kobject_uevent().
- */
- if (dev->bus)
- blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
- BUS_NOTIFY_ADD_DEVICE, dev);
-
- kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
- bus_probe_device(dev);
- if (parent)
- klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_parent,
- &parent->p->klist_children);
-
- if (dev->class) {
- mutex_lock(&dev->class->p->class_mutex);
- /* tie the class to the device */
- klist_add_tail(&dev->knode_class,
- &dev->class->p->klist_devices);
-
- /* notify any interfaces that the device is here */
- list_for_each_entry(class_intf,
- &dev->class->p->class_interfaces, node)
- if (class_intf->add_dev)
- class_intf->add_dev(dev, class_intf);
- mutex_unlock(&dev->class->p->class_mutex);
- }
- done:
- put_device(dev);
- return error;
- DPMError:
- bus_remove_device(dev);
- BusError:
- device_remove_attrs(dev);
- AttrsError:
- device_remove_class_symlinks(dev);
- SymlinkError:
- if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
- devtmpfs_delete_node(dev);
- if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
- device_remove_sys_dev_entry(dev);
- devtattrError:
- if (MAJOR(dev->devt))
- device_remove_file(dev, &devt_attr);
- ueventattrError:
- device_remove_file(dev, &uevent_attr);
- attrError:
- kobject_uevent(&dev->kobj, KOBJ_REMOVE);
- kobject_del(&dev->kobj);
- Error:
- cleanup_device_parent(dev);
- if (parent)
- put_device(parent);
- name_error:
- kfree(dev->p);
- dev->p = NULL;
- goto done;
- }
说明:
1) 首先获取设备dev,对dev的成员进行初始化。
2) kobject_add()完成目录的创建。
3) 创建文件。
4) bus_probe_device(dev);,总线探测设备,程序如下:
- void bus_probe_device(struct device *dev)
- {
- struct bus_type *bus = dev->bus;
- int ret;
-
- if (bus && bus->p->drivers_autoprobe) {
- ret = device_attach(dev);
- WARN_ON(ret < 0);
- }
- }
- int device_attach(struct device *dev)
- {
- int ret = 0;
-
- device_lock(dev);
- if (dev->driver) {
- if (klist_node_attached(&dev->p->knode_driver)) {
- ret = 1;
- goto out_unlock;
- }
- ret = device_bind_driver(dev);
- if (ret == 0)
- ret = 1;
- else {
- dev->driver = NULL;
- ret = 0;
- }
- } else {
- pm_runtime_get_noresume(dev);
- ret = bus_for_each_drv(dev->bus, NULL, dev, __device_attach);
- pm_runtime_put_sync(dev);
- }
- out_unlock:
- device_unlock(dev);
- return ret;
- }
说明:
1) 由(二)中的总线注册函数可知,bus->p->drivers_autoprobe = 1。
2) 调用device_attach()函数加载设备。
3) 由于程序还没有对dev->driver进行赋值,所以此处程序走的是else。
4) bus_for_each_drv()函数调用__device_attach()函数,程序如下:
- int bus_for_each_drv(struct bus_type *bus, struct device_driver *start,
- void *data, int (*fn)(struct device_driver *, void *))
- {
- struct klist_iter i;
- struct device_driver *drv;
- int error = 0;
-
- if (!bus)
- return -EINVAL;
-
- klist_iter_init_node(&bus->p->klist_drivers, &i,
- start ? &start->p->knode_bus : NULL);
- while ((drv = next_driver(&i)) && !error)
- error = fn(drv, data);
- klist_iter_exit(&i);
- return error;
- }
- static inline int driver_match_device(struct device_driver *drv,
- struct device *dev)
- {
- return drv->bus->match ? drv->bus->match(dev, drv) : 1;
- }
- static int __device_attach(struct device_driver *drv, void *data)
- {
- struct device *dev = data;
-
- if (!driver_match_device(drv, dev))
- return 0;
-
- return driver_probe_device(drv, dev);
- }
说明:
1) __device_attach()函数使用了两个参数,一个参数为dev,另外一个就是bus_for_each_drv()函数提供的。
2) __device_attach()函数首先使用函数driver_match_device(drv, dev)查看驱动是否匹配设备,如果不匹配,退出。driver_match_device(drv, dev)中,判断是否有drv->bus->match,从(二)总线注册中知道,总线中有match,所以调用(二)中的spi_match_device()函数。
3) driver_probe_device()函数完成驱动探测,程序如下:
- int driver_probe_device(struct device_driver *drv, struct device *dev)
- {
- int ret = 0;
-
- if (!device_is_registered(dev))
- return -ENODEV;
-
- pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: matched device %s with driver %s\n",
- drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);
-
- pm_runtime_get_noresume(dev);
- pm_runtime_barrier(dev);
- ret = really_probe(dev, drv);
- pm_runtime_put_sync(dev);
-
- return ret;
- }
- static int really_probe(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
- {
- int ret = 0;
-
- atomic_inc(&probe_count);
- pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: probing driver %s with device %s\n",
- drv->bus->name, __func__, drv->name, dev_name(dev));
- WARN_ON(!list_empty(&dev->devres_head));
-
- dev->driver = drv;
- if (driver_sysfs_add(dev)) {
- printk(KERN_ERR "%s: driver_sysfs_add(%s) failed\n",
- __func__, dev_name(dev));
- goto probe_failed;
- }
-
- if (dev->bus->probe) {
- ret = dev->bus->probe(dev);
- if (ret)
- goto probe_failed;
- } else if (drv->probe) {
- ret = drv->probe(dev);
- if (ret)
- goto probe_failed;
- }
-
- driver_bound(dev);
- ret = 1;
- pr_debug("bus: '%s': %s: bound device %s to driver %s\n",
- drv->bus->name, __func__, dev_name(dev), drv->name);
- goto done;
-
- probe_failed:
- devres_release_all(dev);
- driver_sysfs_remove(dev);
- dev->driver = NULL;
-
- if (ret != -ENODEV && ret != -ENXIO) {
- /* driver matched but the probe failed */
- printk(KERN_WARNING
- "%s: probe of %s failed with error %d\n",
- drv->name, dev_name(dev), ret);
- }
- /*
- * Ignore errors returned by ->probe so that the next driver can try
- * its luck.
- */
- ret = 0;
- done:
- atomic_dec(&probe_count);
- wake_up(&probe_waitqueue);
- return ret;
- }
说明:
1) driver_probe_device()函数调用really_probe()函数。
2) 在really_probe()函数中,由于设备的总线中没有探测函数,所以不执行if (dev->bus->probe)。
3) spi驱动中有探测函数,所以执行else if (drv->probe)里面的程序,即ret = drv->probe(dev);,从(三)中的int spi_register_driver(struct spi_driver *sdrv)函数可以看到,驱动的探测函数为spi_drv_probe(),程序如下:
- static int spi_drv_probe(struct device *dev)
- {
- const struct spi_driver *sdrv = to_spi_driver(dev->driver);
-
- return sdrv->probe(to_spi_device(dev));
- }
说明:
1) 首先获取spi_driver结构体。
2) 调用spi_driver结构体中的探测函数,即为(三)中的w25q_probe()函数。
在really_probe()函数中,调用driver_bound(dev);函数实现设备与驱动的绑定,程序如下:
- static void driver_bound(struct device *dev)
- {
- if (klist_node_attached(&dev->p->knode_driver)) {
- printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: device %s already bound\n",
- __func__, kobject_name(&dev->kobj));
- return;
- }
-
- pr_debug("driver: '%s': %s: bound to device '%s'\n", dev_name(dev),
- __func__, dev->driver->name);
-
- klist_add_tail(&dev->p->knode_driver, &dev->driver->p->klist_devices);
-
- if (dev->bus)
- blocking_notifier_call_chain(&dev->bus->p->bus_notifier,
- BUS_NOTIFY_BOUND_DRIVER, dev);
- }
说明:
1) 使用klist_add_tail()将设备与驱动链接在一起。
四、总结
在device和device_drive结构中,device中存在一个struct device_driver *driver,而在device_drive中并没有同样的包含device结构。对于一个设备来说,只能绑定一个驱动;而对于一个驱动来说,可以对应多个设备。 也就是说这里device中的driver指针将会指向其绑定的驱动。回到probe探测函数,对一个设备驱动进行注册的过程中,会在其相应的总线(也就是其挂接的总线)上发出一个探测,这个探测会搜寻所有挂接在这个总线上的尚未被绑定的设备(也就是driver指针为NULL),然后将driver指针指向这个驱动的结构,同时将这个设备的device结构挂接在device_driver结构中的klist链表中。 当一个设备被注册时,它也会去寻找挂接在同一条总线上的驱动,并将自己与这个驱动联系起来。
五、spi传输函数
spi核心提供了数据传输函数,如下:
- static inline void spi_message_init(struct spi_message *m)
- {
- memset(m, 0, sizeof *m);
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&m->transfers);
- }
- static inline void
- spi_message_add_tail(struct spi_transfer *t, struct spi_message *m)
- {
- list_add_tail(&t->transfer_list, &m->transfers);
- }
- static inline int
- spi_write(struct spi_device *spi, const void *buf, size_t len)
- {
- struct spi_transfer t = {
- .tx_buf = buf,
- .len = len,
- };
- struct spi_message m;
-
- spi_message_init(&m);
- spi_message_add_tail(&t, &m);
- return spi_sync(spi, &m);
- }
- static inline int
- spi_read(struct spi_device *spi, void *buf, size_t len)
- {
- struct spi_transfer t = {
- .rx_buf = buf,
- .len = len,
- };
- struct spi_message m;
-
- spi_message_init(&m);
- spi_message_add_tail(&t, &m);
- return spi_sync(spi, &m);
- }
- static inline ssize_t spi_w8r8(struct spi_device *spi, u8 cmd)
- {
- ssize_t status;
- u8 result;
-
- status = spi_write_then_read(spi, &cmd, 1, &result, 1);
-
- /* return negative errno or unsigned value */
- return (status < 0) ? status : result;
- }
- static inline ssize_t spi_w8r16(struct spi_device *spi, u8 cmd)
- {
- ssize_t status;
- u16 result;
-
- status = spi_write_then_read(spi, &cmd, 1, (u8 *) &result, 2);
-
- /* return negative errno or unsigned value */
- return (status < 0) ? status : result;
- }
说明:
1) 传输开始时,首先初始化spi_message,然后将传输的spi_transfer链入spi_message中。
2) spi_message中,有一个transfers队列,spi_transfer结构体通过这个队列挂到spi_message中。一个spi_message代表一次传输会话,spi_transfer代表一次单独的IO操作。比如,有些spi设备需要先读后写,那么这个读写过程就是一次spi会话,里面包括两个transfer,一个定义写操作的参数,另一个定义读操作的参数。
3) 最后都是调用spi_sync()函数实现传输的,如下:
- int spi_sync(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *message)
- {
- return __spi_sync(spi, message, 0);
- }
- static int __spi_sync(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *message,
- int bus_locked)
- {
- DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(done);
- int status;
- struct spi_master *master = spi->master;
-
- message->complete = spi_complete;
- message->context = &done;
-
- if (!bus_locked)
- mutex_lock(&master->bus_lock_mutex);
-
- status = spi_async_locked(spi, message);
-
- if (!bus_locked)
- mutex_unlock(&master->bus_lock_mutex);
-
- if (status == 0) {
- wait_for_completion(&done);
- status = message->status;
- }
- message->context = NULL;
- return status;
- }
- int spi_async_locked(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *message)
- {
- struct spi_master *master = spi->master;
- int ret;
- unsigned long flags;
-
- spin_lock_irqsave(&master->bus_lock_spinlock, flags);
-
- ret = __spi_async(spi, message);
-
- spin_unlock_irqrestore(&master->bus_lock_spinlock, flags);
-
- return ret;
-
- }
- static int __spi_async(struct spi_device *spi, struct spi_message *message)
- {
- struct spi_master *master = spi->master;
-
- /* Half-duplex links include original MicroWire, and ones with
- * only one data pin like SPI_3WIRE (switches direction) or where
- * either MOSI or MISO is missing. They can also be caused by
- * software limitations.
- */
- if ((master->flags & SPI_MASTER_HALF_DUPLEX)
- || (spi->mode & SPI_3WIRE)) {
- struct spi_transfer *xfer;
- unsigned flags = master->flags;
-
- list_for_each_entry(xfer, &message->transfers, transfer_list) {
- if (xfer->rx_buf && xfer->tx_buf)
- return -EINVAL;
- if ((flags & SPI_MASTER_NO_TX) && xfer->tx_buf)
- return -EINVAL;
- if ((flags & SPI_MASTER_NO_RX) && xfer->rx_buf)
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- }
-
- message->spi = spi;
- message->status = -EINPROGRESS;
- return master->transfer(spi, message);
- }