一、简述
Google官方介绍:
Class used to run a message loop for a thread. Threads by default do not have a message loop associated with them; to create one, call prepare in the thread that is to run the loop, and then loop to have it process messages until the loop is stopped.
大致意思:Looper是用来为一个线程执行一个消息循环的,线程默认是没有循环消息与他们绑定到一块的,为了创建一个Looper对象,在线程中调用prepare()来运行这个循环,
然后开始循环处理消息,直到这个循环结束。大多数与消息循环交互是通过Handler()。
个人理解:在Android的消息机制中Looper扮演着重要的角色。顾名思义,Looper就是一个循环器。具体说来他会一直不停的从MessageQueue中查看是否有新信息,如果有新消息就立即处理,否者就一直处在阻塞状态。
二、源码分析
构造方法源码:
我们看一下Looper的属性以及构造方法:
// sThreadLocal.get() will return null unless you've called prepare().
static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();
private static Looper sMainLooper; // guarded by Looper.class
final MessageQueue mQueue;
final Thread mThread;
sThreadLocal:用于存储Looper对象;
mQueue:Looper所管理的MessageQueue对象;
mThread:Looper所属的线程;
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
在构造方法中,创建一个MessageQueue对象同时获取Looper当前所属线程,然后将Looper对象利用ThreadLocal将其保存在当前线程中。
prepare()方法源码:
我们在上面的代码中看到了Looper的构造函数是私有的,因此Goggle为开发者在创建Looper对象时提供了prepare()方法:
private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
}
在prepare()方法中首先判断当前线程中是否已经存在了Looper对象,如果当前线程没有Looper则立即创建同时将Looper对象保存起来,否则抛出异常!通过上面的prepare()方法可以创建Looper对象,而且也保证了一个线程中只能有一个Looper。
Looper对象创建以后,还要调用Looper的loop()方法:loop()方法:
public static void loop() {
//获取到当前线程的Looper对象
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
//获取Looper对象创建的MessageQueue
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
//无限for循环
for (;;) {
//获取MessageQueue中的Message
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
//日志信息
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
//调用该条Message所属Handler的dispatchMessage(msg)方法处理消息
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
msg.recycleUnchecked();
}
}
public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}
首先获取当前线程的Looper对象,同时也要判断获取到的当前Looper对象是否为空,如果为空则抛出异常:Looper.prepare() was't called on this thread.这也解释了在调用loop()方法之前必须调用prepare()方法。
其他方法:
getMainLooper():返回当前应用程序中依赖主线程的looper,
getThread():返回和looper相关联的线程。
mylooper():返回和当前线程关联的looper,如果没有looper与当前线程关联,则返回null。
myQueue():返回和当前线程相关联的消息队列,使用这个方法,必须确保当前线程与looper相关联。
prepareMainLooper():初始化与主线程相关联的looper。