总结关于Service进程通信和跨进程通信的几种方式,AIDL,Messenger,Binder。

以前也用过Service,也使用过Service通信的一些方式,比如广播,接口回调之类的,但是不够全面。

最近看到公司项目有跨进程的Service,就系统的学习了一下Service的方方面面,在此总结。


关于Service的基础知识就不在这里描述了,这篇文章只说Service的通信,Service的通信分为两种

A:同进程下的通信

B:跨进程下的通信

下面分别描述:


A:同进程下的通信。

这种情况下Service要和其他组件进行通信,一般是Activity,有如下常见的3种方法

1:使用广播

2:使用Binder

3:使用Binder+接口回调,使用接口回调是为了在service进度变化时主动触发回调


1-------使用广播,在Acticiy中注册广播以及编写广播类,在Service中发送广播

public class MainActivity extends Activity {  
    private ProgressBar mProgressBar;  
    private Intent mIntent;  
    private MsgReceiver msgReceiver;  
      
  
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
          
        //动态注册广播接收器  
        msgReceiver = new MsgReceiver();  
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();  
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");  
        registerReceiver(msgReceiver, intentFilter);  
          
          
        mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);  
        Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);  
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {  
              
            @Override  
            public void onClick(View v) {  
                //启动服务  
                mIntent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");  
                startService(mIntent);  
            }  
        });  
          
    }  
  
      
    @Override  
    protected void onDestroy() {  
        //停止服务  
        stopService(mIntent);  
        //注销广播  
        unregisterReceiver(msgReceiver);  
        super.onDestroy();  
    }  
  
  
    /** 
     * 广播接收器 
     * 
     * 
     */  
    public class MsgReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{  
  
        @Override  
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
            //拿到进度,更新UI  
            int progress = intent.getIntExtra("progress", 0);  
            mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);  
        }  
          
    }  
  
}  
<pre name="code" class="java">public class MsgService extends Service {  
    /** 
     * 进度条的最大值 
     */  
    public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;  
    /** 
     * 进度条的进度值 
     */  
    private int progress = 0;  
      
    private Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");  
      
  
    /** 
     * 模拟下载任务,每秒钟更新一次 
     */  
    public void startDownLoad(){  
        new Thread(new Runnable() {  
              
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){  
                    progress += 5;  
                      
                    //发送Action为com.example.communication.RECEIVER的广播  
                    intent.putExtra("progress", progress);  
                    sendBroadcast(intent);  
                      
                    try {  
                        Thread.sleep(1000);  
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                    }  
                      
                }  
            }  
        }).start();  
    }  
  
      
  
    @Override  
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {  
        startDownLoad();  
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);  
    }  
  
  
  
    @Override  
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {  
        return null;  
    }  
  
  
}


 

2-------使用Binder

public class LocalService extends Service {
    // Binder given to clients
    private final IBinder mBinder = new LocalBinder();
    // Random number generator
    private final Random mGenerator = new Random();

    /**
     * Class used for the client Binder.  Because we know this service always
     * runs in the same process as its clients, we don't need to deal with IPC.
     */
    public class LocalBinder extends Binder {
        LocalService getService() {
            // Return this instance of LocalService so clients can call public methods
            return LocalService.this;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return mBinder;
    }

    /** method for clients */
    public int getRandomNumber() {
      return mGenerator.nextInt(100);
    }
}

LocalBinder 为客户端提供 getService() 方法,以获取LocalService 的当前实例。这样,客户端便可调用服务中的公共方法。 例如,客户端可调用服务中的 getRandomNumber()

点击按钮时,以下这个 Activity 会绑定到 LocalService 并调用 getRandomNumber()

public class BindingActivity extends Activity {
    LocalService mService;
    boolean mBound = false;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        // Bind to LocalService
        Intent intent = new Intent(this, LocalService.class);
        bindService(intent, mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        // Unbind from the service
        if (mBound) {
            unbindService(mConnection);
            mBound = false;
        }
    }

    /** Called when a button is clicked (the button in the layout file attaches to
      * this method with the android:onClick attribute) */
    public void onButtonClick(View v) {
        if (mBound) {
            // Call a method from the LocalService.
            // However, if this call were something that might hang, then this request should
            // occur in a separate thread to avoid slowing down the activity performance.
            int num = mService.getRandomNumber();
            Toast.makeText(this, "number: " + num, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

    /** Defines callbacks for service binding, passed to bindService() */
    private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {

        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,
                IBinder service) {
            // We've bound to LocalService, cast the IBinder and get LocalService instance
            LocalBinder binder = (LocalBinder) service;
            mService = binder.getService();
            mBound = true;
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName arg0) {
            mBound = false;
        }
    };
}
取自谷歌官方doc的demo。


3-------使用接口回调
public interface OnProgressListener {  
    void onProgress(int progress);  
}
public class MsgService extends Service {  
    /** 
     * 进度条的最大值 
     */  
    public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;  
    /** 
     * 进度条的进度值 
     */  
    private int progress = 0;  
      
    /** 
     * 更新进度的回调接口 
     */  
    private OnProgressListener onProgressListener;  
      
      
    /** 
     * 注册回调接口的方法,供外部调用 
     * @param onProgressListener 
     */  
    public void setOnProgressListener(OnProgressListener onProgressListener) {  
        this.onProgressListener = onProgressListener;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 增加get()方法,供Activity调用 
     * @return 下载进度 
     */  
    public int getProgress() {  
        return progress;  
    }  
  
    /** 
     * 模拟下载任务,每秒钟更新一次 
     */  
    public void startDownLoad(){  
        new Thread(new Runnable() {  
              
            @Override  
            public void run() {  
                while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){  
                    progress += 5;  
                      
                    //进度发生变化通知调用方  
                    if(onProgressListener != null){  
                        onProgressListener.onProgress(progress);  
                    }  
                      
                    try {  
                        Thread.sleep(1000);  
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                    }  
                      
                }  
            }  
        }).start();  
    }  
  
  
    /** 
     * 返回一个Binder对象 
     */  
    @Override  
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {  
        return new MsgBinder();  
    }  
      
    public class MsgBinder extends Binder{  
        /** 
         * 获取当前Service的实例 
         * @return 
         */  
        public MsgService getService(){  
            return MsgService.this;  
        }  
    }  
  
}
public class MainActivity extends Activity {  
    private MsgService msgService;  
    private ProgressBar mProgressBar;  
      
  
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
          
          
        //绑定Service  
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");  
        bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);  
          
          
        mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);  
        Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);  
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {  
              
            @Override  
            public void onClick(View v) {  
                //开始下载  
                msgService.startDownLoad();  
            }  
        });  
          
    }  
      
  
    ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {  
        @Override  
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {  
              
        }  
          
        @Override  
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {  
            //返回一个MsgService对象  
            msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();  
              
            //注册回调接口来接收下载进度的变化  
            msgService.setOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener() {  
                  
                @Override  
                public void onProgress(int progress) {  
                    mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);  
                      
                }  
            });  
              
        }  
    };  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onDestroy() {  
        unbindService(conn);  
        super.onDestroy();  
    }  
  
  
}  

B:跨进程通信

a----Messenger

使用 Messenger

如需让服务与远程进程通信,则可使用 Messenger 为您的服务提供接口。利用此方法,您无需使用 AIDL 便可执行进程间通信 (IPC)。

以下是 Messenger 的使用方法摘要:

这样,客户端并没有调用服务的“方法”。而客户端传递的“消息”(Message 对象)是服务在其 Handler 中接收的。

以下是一个使用 Messenger 接口的简单服务示例:

public class MessengerService extends Service {
    /** Command to the service to display a message */
    static final int MSG_SAY_HELLO = 1;

    /**
     * Handler of incoming messages from clients.
     */
    class IncomingHandler extends Handler {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            switch (msg.what) {
                case MSG_SAY_HELLO:
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "hello!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    break;
                default:
                    super.handleMessage(msg);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Target we publish for clients to send messages to IncomingHandler.
     */
    final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());

    /**
     * When binding to the service, we return an interface to our messenger
     * for sending messages to the service.
     */
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "binding", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        return mMessenger.getBinder();
    }
}

请注意,服务就是在 Handler 的 handleMessage() 方法中接收传入的 Message,并根据 what 成员决定下一步操作。

客户端只需根据服务返回的 IBinder 创建一个 Messenger,然后利用 send() 发送一条消息。例如,以下就是一个绑定到服务并向服务传递 MSG_SAY_HELLO消息的简单 Activity:

public class ActivityMessenger extends Activity {
    /** Messenger for communicating with the service. */
    Messenger mService = null;

    /** Flag indicating whether we have called bind on the service. */
    boolean mBound;

    /**
     * Class for interacting with the main interface of the service.
     */
    private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className, IBinder service) {
            // This is called when the connection with the service has been
            // established, giving us the object we can use to
            // interact with the service.  We are communicating with the
            // service using a Messenger, so here we get a client-side
            // representation of that from the raw IBinder object.
            mService = new Messenger(service);
            mBound = true;
        }

        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
            // This is called when the connection with the service has been
            // unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
            mService = null;
            mBound = false;
        }
    };

    public void sayHello(View v) {
        if (!mBound) return;
        // Create and send a message to the service, using a supported 'what' value
        Message msg = Message.obtain(null, MessengerService.MSG_SAY_HELLO, 0, 0);
        try {
            mService.send(msg);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        // Bind to the service
        bindService(new Intent(this, MessengerService.class), mConnection,
            Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        // Unbind from the service
        if (mBound) {
            unbindService(mConnection);
            mBound = false;
        }
    }
}

请注意,此示例并未说明服务如何对客户端作出响应。如果您想让服务作出响应,则还需要在客户端中创建一个 Messenger。然后,当客户端收到onServiceConnected() 回调时,会向服务发送一条 Message,并在其 send() 方法的 replyTo 参数中包含客户端的 Messenger

2-------AIDL


使用方法(AndroidStudio)

我发现现在AIDL的教程基本上还是eclipse的,但是在AndroidStudio里面使用AIDL还是有一些不同的,来看看怎么用,首先新建一个工程当做server服务端:

创建好后在任意文件夹右键New-->AIDL-->AIDL File,编辑文件名后会自动在src/main目录下面新建aidl文件夹,包的目录结构如下:

  • main
    • aidl
      • com.example.tee.testapplication.aidl
    • java
      • com.example.tee.testapplication
    • res
    • AndroidManifest.xml

自动生成的aidl文件如下:

// AidlInterface.aidl
package com.example.tee.testapplication.aidl;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements

interface AidlInterface {
    /**
     * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,
            double aDouble, String aString);
}

我们可以看到aidl文件的代码格式跟java很像,支持java的基础类型以及List、Map等,如果是自定义类的话需要手动导入,我们后面再说,先来最简单的,新建一个 IMyAidlInterface.aidl文件,修改如下:

package com.example.tee.testapplication.aidl;

interface IMyAidlInterface {
     String getValue();
}

在接口中定义一个getValue方法,返回一个字符串,现在可以编译一下工程,找到app/build/generated/source/aidl/debug目录,在我们应用包名下会发现生成了一个Interface类,名字跟我们定义的aidl的文件名字一样,这说明其实aidl文件在最后还是会转换成接口来实现,而且这个文件不需要我们维护,在编译后自动生成。

然后新建一个类继承Service:

public class MAIDLService extends Service{
    public class MAIDLServiceImpl extends IMyAidlInterface.Stub{
        @Override
        public String getValue() throws RemoteException {
            return "get value";
        }
    }
    @Nullable
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return new MAIDLServiceImpl();
    }
}

在MAIDLService类中定义一个内部类继承IMyAidlInterface.Stub,并且重写我们在aidl也就是在接口中定义的getValue方法,返回字符串get value

到了这里,我们就新建好了这个服务端,作用是在调用后返回一个字符串,最后在AndroidManifest文件中声明:

<service
     android:name=".MAIDLService"
     android:process=":remote"//加上这句的话客户端调用会创建一个新的进程
     android:exported="true"//默认就为true,可去掉,声明是否可以远程调用
    >
     <intent-filter>
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
        <action android:name="com.example.tee.testapplication.aidl.IMyAidlInterface" />
     </intent-filter>
</service>

android:process=":remote"这一行的作用是声明是否调用时新建进程,接下来写客户端代码,新建一个工程,将刚才创建的aidl文件拷贝到这个工程中,注意同样也是要放在aidl文件夹下,然后在MainActivity中编写代码如下:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private TextView mValueTV;
    private IMyAidlInterface mAidlInterface = null;
    private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            mAidlInterface = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {

        }
    };
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.tee.testapplication.aidl.IMyAidlInterface");
        bindService(intent, mServiceConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        mValueTV = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_test_value);
        mValueTV.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                try {
                    mValueTV.setText(mAidlInterface.getValue());
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        if(mAidlInterface != null){
            unbindService(mServiceConnection);
        }
        super.onDestroy();
    }
}

注意这里新建Intent的传入的参数字符串是在manifest里面自定义的action标签,并且在onDestroy记得取消绑定服务。

执行结果就是我们在点击TextView时会显示服务端给我们返回的get value字符串

自定义的对象

刚才我们使用的是基础类型String,在使用我们自己定义的类的时候用上面的方法是不行的,用我们自定义的类需要手动导入,修改刚才我们创建的作为服务端的工程

首先在开始生成的aidl包下(所有aidl相关的文件都要放在这个包下)新建Student.java

public class Student implements Parcelable{
    public String name;
    public int age;
    protected Student(Parcel in) {
        readFromParcel(in);
    }
    public Student() {
    }

    public static final Creator<Student> CREATOR = new Creator<Student>() {
        @Override
        public Student createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new Student(in);
        }

        @Override
        public Student[] newArray(int size) {
            return new Student[size];
        }
    };

    @Override
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeInt(age);
        dest.writeString(name);
    }

    public void readFromParcel(Parcel in){
        age = in.readInt();
        name = in.readString();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return String.format(Locale.ENGLISH, "STUDENT[%s:%d]", name, age);
    }
}

需要实现Parcelable序列化接口,AndroidStudio会自动生成静态内部类CREATORdescribeContents方法,这些部分我们都不需要修改,用自动生成的就好。然后重写writeToParcel方法,自定义readFromParcel方法,注意这两个方法里面的属性顺序必须一致,一个是写入,一个是读取。在构造方法Student(Parcel in)中调用readFromParcel(in)方法。

接下来新建Student.aidl文件(也是在aidl包中):

// Student.aidl
package com.example.tee.testapplication.aidl;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
parcelable Student;

注意这里Student前面的关键字parcelable首字母是小写哦,再修改IMyAidlInterface.aidl文件如下:

// IMyAidlInterface.aidl
package com.example.tee.testapplication.aidl;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
import com.example.tee.testapplication.aidl.Student;

interface IMyAidlInterface {
     Student getStudent();
     void setStudent(in Student student);
     String getValue();
}

定义了两个方法,一个是设置Student,一个是获取Student,在setStudent这个方法注意参数在类型前面有个in关键字,在aidl里参数分为in输入,out输出

现在在MAIDLService.java中重写新加的两个方法:

private Student mStudent;
public class MAIDLServiceImpl extends IMyAidlInterface.Stub{


    @Override
    public Student getStudent() throws RemoteException {
        return mStudent;
    }

    @Override
    public void setStudent(Student student) throws RemoteException {
        mStudent = student;
    }

    @Override
    public String getValue() throws RemoteException {
            return "get value : " + Thread.currentThread().getName() + Thread.currentThread().getId();
    }
}

服务端代码修改完毕,来到客户端工程,同样要把刚才的aidl包下的文件拷贝覆盖过来,保持两边一致,然后在MainActivity.java中修改如下:

mValueTV = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_test_value);
mStudentTV = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_test_student);
mValueTV.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        try {
            mValueTV.setText(mAidlInterface.getValue());
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
});
mStudentTV.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        try {
            Student student = new Student();
            student.age = 10;
            student.name = "Tom";
            mAidlInterface.setStudent(student);
            mStudentTV.setText(mAidlInterface.getStudent().toString());
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
});

现在编译工程,会发现工程会报错,找不到类Student,我们需要在app目录下的build.gradle文件添加代码如下:

android {
    sourceSets {
        main {
            manifest.srcFile 'src/main/AndroidManifest.xml'
            java.srcDirs = ['src/main/java', 'src/main/aidl']
            resources.srcDirs = ['src/main/java', 'src/main/aidl']
            aidl.srcDirs = ['src/main/aidl']
            res.srcDirs = ['src/main/res']
            assets.srcDirs = ['src/main/assets']
        }
    }
}

也就是指定一下文件目录,现在再编译就没有问题了

总结

Android的IPC使用起来还是挺简单的,AIDL文件的语法也跟我们平时使用接口的时候很相似,但是它只支持基础类型,只能引用AIDL文件,需要使用自定义类的时候要稍微麻烦一点。




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