前言：
本文是基于《Java多线程编程实战指南》第四章，源码是摘抄作者的源码，源码会加上自己的理解，并且用一个实例运行起来。第四章开始是实战部分，而前面3章更多是讲解多线程介绍，生命周期，目标和挑战，以及同步机制。
读书笔记目前笔者正在更新如下， 《Java多线程编程实战指南-核心篇》，《How Tomcat Works》，再到《spring 源码》解读。
前三章内容后续博客也会整理一个总结，如果文章觉得对您有益，还请点点关注。
基于数据分割实现并发化：
比如要下载一个大文件，那么基于数据分割实现并发化就很有意义，比如在网络带宽100Mbps下，我们下载一个600MB文件需要600/(100/8)=48秒，如果用3个线程就会是16秒。
摘抄书中的一个图，基于数据分割实现并发化的示意图。其原理就是利用将原始数据进行平均分割，然后又每个工作线程负责分割后的数据。
代码基础讲解：
public void download(int taskCount, long reportInterval)
throws Exception {
long chunkSizePerThread = fileSize / taskCount;
// 下载数据段的起始字节
long lowerBound = 0;
// 下载数据段的结束字节
long upperBound = 0;
DownloadTask dt;
for (int i = taskCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
lowerBound = i * chunkSizePerThread;
if (i == taskCount - 1) {
upperBound = fileSize;
} else {
upperBound = lowerBound + chunkSizePerThread - 1;
}
// 创建下载任务
dt = new DownloadTask(lowerBound, upperBound, requestURL, storage,
taskCanceled);
dispatchWork(dt, i);
}
// 定时报告下载进度
reportProgress(reportInterval);
// 清理程序占用的资源
doCleanup();
} protected void dispatchWork(final DownloadTask dt, int workerIndex) {
// 创建下载线程
Thread workerThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
dt.run();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// 取消整个文件的下载
cancelDownload();
}
}
});
workerThread.setName("downloader-" + workerIndex);
workerThread.start();
} @Override
public void run() {
if (cancelFlag.get()) {
return;
}
ReadableByteChannel channel = null;
try {
channel = Channels.newChannel(issueRequest(requestURL, lowerBound,
upperBound));
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
while (!cancelFlag.get() && channel.read(buf) > 0) {
// 将从网络读取的数据写入缓冲区
xbuf.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
Tools.silentClose(channel, xbuf);
}
} public void write(ByteBuffer buf) throws IOException {
int length = buf.position();
final int capacity = byteBuf.capacity();
// 当前缓冲区已满，或者剩余容量不够容纳新数据
if (offset + length > capacity || length == capacity) {
// 将缓冲区中的数据写入文件
flush();
}
byteBuf.position(offset);
buf.flip();
byteBuf.put(buf);
offset += length;
}
public void flush() throws IOException {
int length;
byteBuf.flip();
length = storage.store(globalOffset, byteBuf);
byteBuf.clear();
globalOffset += length;
offset = 0;
}1.Download部分根据输入taskcount数量（一个taskcount就是一个工作线程）计算每个线程应该下载的字节数，lowerBound表示起始字节下限，upperBound表示终结字节上限。比如2个线程，总共下载10个字节，那么第一个线程lowerbound=0，upperBound=4，第二个线程就是lowerbound=5，upperBound=10。
这边实际用到了http range头部实现一段一段数据下载，在DownloadTask类里面，设置http头部的Range types: bytes=[lowerbound] - [upperBound]
2.然后new DownloadTask并且在dispatchWork真正的实例化了工作线程，new Thread，并调用DownloadTask里面的run函数。
3.而run函数里面主要用到了Java NIO，这部分会单独写一个文章介绍，这边只是简单介绍一下：
run函数里面持续从socket的获取数据存入bytebuffer，capacity为1024，而到了xbuf.write函数，xbuf也有一个bytebuffer，capacity为1024*1024， 将xbuf的bytebuffer的position设置为即将要填入数据的起始位置，将socket 的bytebuffer flip（flip意味着准备清空bytebuff，实际上是设置limit位置以及将position设置为0），然后将socket bytebuffer填入xbuf的bytebuffer里面。
4.最后Storage类中，设置了最终IO输出文件位置，并且根据offset，一段段将每个工作线程填入文件内容中，比如说，总字节数2048，所以线程1是从位置0填到1023，线程2是从1024到2048。
有关于postion,limilt,capacity,mark如图所示----引用《Java NIO》
代码：
项目结构：
Main.java
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String url ="yoururl";
BigFileDownloader bigFileDownloader = new BigFileDownloader(url);
bigFileDownloader.download(2,3000);
}
}
BigFileDownloader.java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
public class BigFileDownloader {
protected final URL requestURL;
protected final long fileSize;
protected final Storage storage;
protected final AtomicBoolean taskCanceled = new AtomicBoolean(false);
public BigFileDownloader(String strURL) throws Exception {
requestURL = new URL(strURL);
fileSize = retieveFileSize(requestURL);
String filename = strURL.substring(strURL.lastIndexOf("/")+1);
storage = new Storage(fileSize, filename);
}
/**
* 下载指定的文件
*
* @param taskCount
* 任务个数
* @param reportInterval
* 下载进度报告周期
* @throws Exception
*/
public void download(int taskCount, long reportInterval)
throws Exception {
long chunkSizePerThread = fileSize / taskCount;
// 下载数据段的起始字节
long lowerBound = 0;
// 下载数据段的结束字节
long upperBound = 0;
DownloadTask dt;
for (int i = taskCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
lowerBound = i * chunkSizePerThread;
if (i == taskCount - 1) {
upperBound = fileSize;
} else {
upperBound = lowerBound + chunkSizePerThread - 1;
}
// 创建下载任务
dt = new DownloadTask(lowerBound, upperBound, requestURL, storage,
taskCanceled);
dispatchWork(dt, i);
}
// 定时报告下载进度
reportProgress(reportInterval);
// 清理程序占用的资源
doCleanup();
}
protected void doCleanup() {
Tools.silentClose(storage);
}
protected void cancelDownload() {
if (taskCanceled.compareAndSet(false, true)) {
doCleanup();
}
}
protected void dispatchWork(final DownloadTask dt, int workerIndex) {
// 创建下载线程
Thread workerThread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
dt.run();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
// 取消整个文件的下载
cancelDownload();
}
}
});
workerThread.setName("downloader-" + workerIndex);
workerThread.start();
}
// 根据指定的URL获取相应文件的大小
private static long retieveFileSize(URL requestURL) throws Exception {
long size = -1;
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
conn = (HttpURLConnection) requestURL.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("HEAD");
conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-alive");
conn.connect();
int statusCode = conn.getResponseCode();
if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK != statusCode) {
throw new Exception("Server exception,status code:" + statusCode);
}
String cl = conn.getHeaderField("Content-Length");
size = Long.valueOf(cl);
} finally {
if (null != conn) {
conn.disconnect();
}
}
return size;
}
// 报告下载进度
private void reportProgress(long reportInterval) throws InterruptedException {
float lastCompletion;
int completion = 0;
while (!taskCanceled.get()) {
lastCompletion = completion;
completion = (int) (storage.getTotalWrites() * 100 / fileSize);
if (completion == 100) {
break;
} else if (completion - lastCompletion >= 1) {
Debug.info("Completion:%s%%", completion);
if (completion >= 90) {
reportInterval = 1000;
}
}
Thread.sleep(reportInterval);
}
Debug.info("Completion:%s%%", completion);
}
}
Debug.java
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class Debug {
private static ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> sdfWrapper = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>() {
@Override
protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");
}
};
enum Label {
INFO("INFO"),
ERR("ERROR");
String name;
Label(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
// public static void info(String message) {
// printf(Label.INFO, "%s", message);
// }
public static void info(String format, Object... args) {
printf(Label.INFO, format, args);
}
public static void info(boolean message) {
info("%s", message);
}
public static void info(int message) {
info("%d", message);
}
public static void error(String message, Object... args) {
printf(Label.ERR, message, args);
}
public static void printf(Label label, String format, Object... args) {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = sdfWrapper.get();
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
final PrintStream ps = label == Label.INFO ? System.out : System.err;
ps.printf('[' + sdf.format(new Date()) + "][" + label.getName()
+ "]["
+ Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]:" + format + " %n", args);
}
}DownloadBuffer.java
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
public class DownloadBuffer implements Closeable {
/**
* 当前Buffer中缓冲的数据相对于整个存储文件的位置偏移
*/
private long globalOffset;
private long upperBound;
private int offset = 0;
public final ByteBuffer byteBuf;
private final Storage storage;
public DownloadBuffer(long globalOffset, long upperBound,
final Storage storage) {
this.globalOffset = globalOffset;
this.upperBound = upperBound;
this.byteBuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024 * 1024);
this.storage = storage;
}
public void write(ByteBuffer buf) throws IOException {
int length = buf.position();
final int capacity = byteBuf.capacity();
// 当前缓冲区已满，或者剩余容量不够容纳新数据
if (offset + length > capacity || length == capacity) {
// 将缓冲区中的数据写入文件
flush();
}
byteBuf.position(offset);
buf.flip();
byteBuf.put(buf);
offset += length;
}
public void flush() throws IOException {
int length;
byteBuf.flip();
length = storage.store(globalOffset, byteBuf);
byteBuf.clear();
globalOffset += length;
offset = 0;
}
@Override
public void close() throws IOException {
Debug.info("globalOffset:%s,upperBound:%s", globalOffset, upperBound);
if (globalOffset < upperBound) {
flush();
}
}
}DownloadTask.java
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.Channels;
import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
/**
* 下载子任务
*
* @author Viscent Huang
*/
public class DownloadTask implements Runnable {
private final long lowerBound;
private final long upperBound;
private final DownloadBuffer xbuf;
private final URL requestURL;
private final AtomicBoolean cancelFlag;
public DownloadTask(long lowerBound, long upperBound, URL requestURL,
Storage storage, AtomicBoolean cancelFlag) {
this.lowerBound = lowerBound;
this.upperBound = upperBound;
this.requestURL = requestURL;
this.xbuf = new DownloadBuffer(lowerBound, upperBound, storage);
this.cancelFlag = cancelFlag;
}
// 对指定的URL发起HTTP分段下载请求
private static InputStream issueRequest(URL requestURL, long lowerBound,
long upperBound) throws IOException {
Thread me = Thread.currentThread();
Debug.info(me + "->[" + lowerBound + "," + upperBound + "]");
final HttpURLConnection conn;
InputStream in = null;
conn = (HttpURLConnection) requestURL.openConnection();
String strConnTimeout = System.getProperty("x.dt.conn.timeout");
int connTimeout = null == strConnTimeout ? 60000 : Integer
.valueOf(strConnTimeout);
conn.setConnectTimeout(connTimeout);
String strReadTimeout = System.getProperty("x.dt.read.timeout");
int readTimeout = null == strReadTimeout ? 60000 : Integer
.valueOf(strReadTimeout);
conn.setReadTimeout(readTimeout);
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
conn.setRequestProperty("Connection", "Keep-alive");
// Range: bytes=0-1024
conn.setRequestProperty("Range", "bytes=" + lowerBound + "-" + upperBound);
conn.setDoInput(true);
conn.connect();
int statusCode = conn.getResponseCode();
if (HttpURLConnection.HTTP_PARTIAL != statusCode) {
conn.disconnect();
throw new IOException("Server exception,status code:" + statusCode);
}
Debug.info(me + "-Content-Range:" + conn.getHeaderField("Content-Range")
+ ",connection:" + conn.getHeaderField("connection"));
in = new BufferedInputStream(conn.getInputStream()) {
@Override
public void close() throws IOException {
try {
super.close();
} finally {
conn.disconnect();
}
}
};
return in;
}
@Override
public void run() {
if (cancelFlag.get()) {
return;
}
ReadableByteChannel channel = null;
try {
channel = Channels.newChannel(issueRequest(requestURL, lowerBound,
upperBound));
ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024);
while (!cancelFlag.get() && channel.read(buf) > 0) {
// 将从网络读取的数据写入缓冲区
xbuf.write(buf);
buf.clear();
}
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
Tools.silentClose(channel, xbuf);
}
}
}Storage.java
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.RandomAccessFile;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
public class Storage implements Closeable, AutoCloseable {
private final RandomAccessFile storeFile;
private final FileChannel storeChannel;
protected final AtomicLong totalWrites = new AtomicLong(0);
public Storage(long fileSize, String fileShortName) throws IOException {
String fullFileName = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + "/"
+ fileShortName;
String localFileName;
localFileName = createStoreFile(fileSize, fullFileName);
storeFile = new RandomAccessFile(localFileName, "rw");
storeChannel = storeFile.getChannel();
}
/**
* 将data中指定的数据写入文件
*
* @param offset
* 写入数据在整个文件中的起始偏移位置
* @param byteBuf
* byteBuf必须在该方法调用前执行byteBuf.flip()
* @throws IOException
* @return 写入文件的数据长度
*/
public int store(long offset, ByteBuffer byteBuf)
throws IOException {
int length;
storeChannel.write(byteBuf, offset);
length = byteBuf.limit();
totalWrites.addAndGet(length);
return length;
}
public long getTotalWrites() {
return totalWrites.get();
}
private String createStoreFile(final long fileSize, String fullFileName)
throws IOException {
File file = new File(fullFileName);
Debug.info("create local file:%s", fullFileName);
RandomAccessFile raf;
raf = new RandomAccessFile(file, "rw");
try {
raf.setLength(fileSize);
} finally {
Tools.silentClose(raf);
}
return fullFileName;
}
@Override
public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
if (storeChannel.isOpen()) {
Tools.silentClose(storeChannel, storeFile);
}
}
}Tools.java
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.security.DigestInputStream;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import sun.misc.Unsafe;
public final class Tools {
private static final Random rnd = new Random();
private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getAnonymousLogger();
public static void startAndWaitTerminated(Thread... threads)
throws InterruptedException {
if (null == threads) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("threads is null!");
}
for (Thread t : threads) {
t.start();
}
for (Thread t : threads) {
t.join();
}
}
public static void startThread(Thread... threads) {
if (null == threads) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("threads is null!");
}
for (Thread t : threads) {
t.start();
}
}
public static void startAndWaitTerminated(Iterable<Thread> threads)
throws InterruptedException {
if (null == threads) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("threads is null!");
}
for (Thread t : threads) {
t.start();
}
for (Thread t : threads) {
t.join();
}
}
public static void randomPause(int maxPauseTime) {
int sleepTime = rnd.nextInt(maxPauseTime);
try {
Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
public static void randomPause(int maxPauseTime, int minPauseTime) {
int sleepTime = maxPauseTime == minPauseTime ? minPauseTime : rnd
.nextInt(maxPauseTime - minPauseTime) + minPauseTime;
try {
Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
public static Unsafe getUnsafe() {
try {
Field f = Unsafe.class.getDeclaredField("theUnsafe");
((Field) f).setAccessible(true);
return (Unsafe) f.get(null);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
public static void silentClose(Closeable... closeable) {
if (null == closeable) {
return;
}
for (Closeable c : closeable) {
if (null == c) {
continue;
}
try {
c.close();
} catch (Exception ignored) {
}
}
}
public static void split(String str, String[] result, char delimeter) {
int partsCount = result.length;
int posOfDelimeter;
int fromIndex = 0;
String recordField;
int i = 0;
while (i < partsCount) {
posOfDelimeter = str.indexOf(delimeter, fromIndex);
if (-1 == posOfDelimeter) {
recordField = str.substring(fromIndex);
result[i] = recordField;
break;
}
recordField = str.substring(fromIndex, posOfDelimeter);
result[i] = recordField;
i++;
fromIndex = posOfDelimeter + 1;
}
}
public static void log(String message) {
LOGGER.log(Level.INFO, message);
}
public static String md5sum(final InputStream in) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException {
MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
try (DigestInputStream dis = new DigestInputStream(in, md)) {
while (-1 != dis.read(buf))
;
}
byte[] digest = md.digest();
BigInteger bigInt = new BigInteger(1, digest);
String checkSum = bigInt.toString(16);
while (checkSum.length() < 32) {
checkSum = "0" + checkSum;
}
return checkSum;
}
public static String md5sum(final File file) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException {
return md5sum(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(file)));
}
public static String md5sum(String str) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException {
ByteArrayInputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
return md5sum(in);
}
public static void delayedAction(String prompt, Runnable action, int delay/* seconds */) {
Debug.info("%s in %d seconds.", prompt, delay);
try {
Thread.sleep(delay * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
}
action.run();
}
public static Object newInstanceOf(String className) throws InstantiationException,
IllegalAccessException, ClassNotFoundException {
return Class.forName(className).newInstance();
}
}参考文献：
《java多线程编程实战指南》
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