LayoutInflater解析

LayoutInflater解析

在Android中，如果是初级玩家，很可能对LayoutInflater不太熟悉，或许只是在Fragment的onCreateView()中模式化的使用过而已。但如果稍微有些工作经验的人就知道，这个类有多么重要，它是连接布局XMl和Java代码的桥梁，我们常常疑惑，为什么Android支持在XML书写布局？

我们想到的必然是Android内部帮我们解析xml文件，LayoutInflater就是帮我们做了这个工作。
首先LayoutInflater是一个系统服务，这个我们可以从from方法看出来

    /**
     * Obtains the LayoutInflater from the given context.
     */
    public static LayoutInflater from(Context context) {
        LayoutInflater LayoutInflater =
                (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
        if (LayoutInflater == null) {
            throw new AssertionError("LayoutInflater not found.");
        }
        return LayoutInflater;
    }

通常我们拿到LayoutInflater对象之后就会调用其inflate方法进行加载布局，inflate是一个重载方法

public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root) {
        return inflate(resource, root, root != null);
    }

可以看到，我们调用2个参数的方法时候其默认是添加到父布局中的（父布局一般不为空）

public View inflate(int resource, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
        if (DEBUG) {
            Log.d(TAG, "INFLATING from resource: \"" + res.getResourceName(resource) + "\" ("
                    + Integer.toHexString(resource) + ")");
        }

        final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
        try {
            return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
        } finally {
            parser.close();
        }
    }

这个方法中，其实是使用Resources将资源ID还原为XMlResoourceParser对象，然后调用inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot)方法，解析布局的具体步骤都是在这个方法中实现

public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
        synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "inflate");

            final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);
            Context lastContext = (Context)mConstructorArgs[0];
            mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;
            View result = root;

            try {
                // Look for the root node.
                //1.循环寻找根节点，其实就是节点指针遍历的过程
                int type;
                while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&
                        type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                    // Empty
                }

                if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                    throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()
                            + ": No start tag found!");
                }
                    //2.得到节点的名字，用于判断该节点
                final String name = parser.getName();

                if (DEBUG) {
                    System.out.println("**************************");
                    System.out.println("Creating root view: "
                            + name);
                    System.out.println("**************************");
                }
                    //3.对节点名字进行判断，然后是merge就将其添加到父布局中（依据Merge的特性必须添加到父布局中）
                if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "
                                + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");
                    }

                    rInflate(parser, root, attrs, false, false);
                } else {
                //4.创建根据节点创建View
                    // Temp is the root view that was found in the xml
                    final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, attrs, false);

                    ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = null;

                    if (root != null) {
                        if (DEBUG) {
                            System.out.println("Creating params from root: " +
                                    root);
                        }
                        // Create layout params that match root, if supplied
                        //5.根据attrs生成布局参数
                        params = root.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                        if (!attachToRoot) {
                            // Set the layout params for temp if we are not
                            // attaching. (If we are, we use addView, below)
                            //6.如果View不添加到父布局中，那就给其本身设置布局参数
                            temp.setLayoutParams(params);
                        }
                    }

                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> start inflating children");
                    }
                    // Inflate all children under temp
                    // 7.将该节点下的子View全部加载
                    rInflate(parser, temp, attrs, true, true);
                    if (DEBUG) {
                        System.out.println("-----> done inflating children");
                    }

                    // We are supposed to attach all the views we found (int temp)
                    // to root. Do that now.
                    //8.如果添加到父布局中，直接addView
                    if (root != null && attachToRoot) {
                        root.addView(temp, params);
                    }

                    // Decide whether to return the root that was passed in or the
                    // top view found in xml.
                    //9.如果不添加到父布局，那么将自己返回
                    if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {
                        result = temp;
                    }
                }

            } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
                InflateException ex = new InflateException(e.getMessage());
                ex.initCause(e);
                throw ex;
            } catch (IOException e) {
                InflateException ex = new InflateException(
                        parser.getPositionDescription()
                        + ": " + e.getMessage());
                ex.initCause(e);
                throw ex;
            } finally {
                // Don't retain static reference on context.
                mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                mConstructorArgs[1] = null;
            }

            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);

            return result;
        }
    }

重点的步骤我已经加上注释了，核心
1.找到根布局标签
2.创建根节点对应的View
3.创建其子View

我们从这里面可以看出来，子View的解析其实都是rInflate方法，如果xml中有根布局，那么就调用createViewFromTag创建布局中的根View。我们也可以明白merge的原来，因为它直接调用rInflate添加到父View中，看到rInflate(parser, root, attrs, false, false)和rInflate(parser, temp, attrs, true, true)第二个参数区别我们就明白了。

接下来我们看下rInflate如何创建多个布局

void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, final AttributeSet attrs,
            boolean finishInflate, boolean inheritContext) throws XmlPullParserException,
            IOException {
        //获取当前解析器指针所在节点处于布局层次
        final int depth = parser.getDepth();
        int type;
        //进行树的深度优先遍历（如果一个节点有子节点将会再次进入rInflate，否则继续循环）
        while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
                parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {

            if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                continue;
            }

            final String name = parser.getName();
            //如果其中有request_focus标签，那就给这个节点View设置焦点
            if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
                parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);
            //如果其中有tag标签，那就给这个节点View设置tag(key,value)
            } else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
                parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
            } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
            //如果其中是include标签，如果include标签
                if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
                    throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
                }
                parseInclude(parser, parent, attrs, inheritContext);
            } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
                throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
            } else {
                    //创建该节点代表的View并添加到父view中，此外遍历子节点
                final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, attrs, inheritContext);
                final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
                final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
                rInflate(parser, view, attrs, true, true);
                viewGroup.addView(view, params);
            }
        }
            //代表着一个节点含其子节点遍历结束
        if (finishInflate) parent.onFinishInflate();
    }

从上面可以看到，所以创建View都将会交给createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, AttributeSet attrs, boolean inheritContext)中，我们可以看下该方法如何创建View

View createViewFromTag(View parent, String name, AttributeSet attrs, boolean inheritContext) {
        if (name.equals("view")) {
            name = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
        }

        Context viewContext;
        if (parent != null && inheritContext) {
            viewContext = parent.getContext();
        } else {
            viewContext = mContext;
        }

        // Apply a theme wrapper, if requested.
        final TypedArray ta = viewContext.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, ATTRS_THEME);
        final int themeResId = ta.getResourceId(0, 0);
        if (themeResId != 0) {
            viewContext = new ContextThemeWrapper(viewContext, themeResId);
        }
        ta.recycle();

        if (name.equals(TAG_1995)) {
            // Let's party like it's 1995!
            return new BlinkLayout(viewContext, attrs);
        }

        if (DEBUG) System.out.println("******** Creating view: " + name);

        try {
            View view;
            if (mFactory2 != null) {
                view = mFactory2.onCreateView(parent, name, viewContext, attrs);
            } else if (mFactory != null) {
                view = mFactory.onCreateView(name, viewContext, attrs);
            } else {
                view = null;
            }

            if (view == null && mPrivateFactory != null) {
                view = mPrivateFactory.onCreateView(parent, name, viewContext, attrs);
            }

            if (view == null) {
                final Object lastContext = mConstructorArgs[0];
                mConstructorArgs[0] = viewContext;
                try {
                    if (-1 == name.indexOf('.')) {
                        view = onCreateView(parent, name, attrs);
                    } else {
                        view = createView(name, null, attrs);
                    }
                } finally {
                    mConstructorArgs[0] = lastContext;
                }
            }

            if (DEBUG) System.out.println("Created view is: " + view);
            return view;

        } catch (InflateException e) {
            throw e;

        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name);
            ie.initCause(e);
            throw ie;

        } catch (Exception e) {
            InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class " + name);
            ie.initCause(e);
            throw ie;
        }
    }

其实很简单，就是4个降级处理
if(factory2!=null){
factory2.onCreateView();
}else if(factory!=null){
factory.onCreateView();
}else if(mPrivateFactory!=null){
mPrivateFactory.onCreateView();
}else{
onCreateView()
}

其他的onCreateView我们不去设置的话为null，我们看下自己的onCreateView(),其实这个方法会调用createView()

public final View createView(String name, String prefix, AttributeSet attrs)
            throws ClassNotFoundException, InflateException {
            //从构造器Map（缓存）中获取需要的构造器
        Constructor<? extends View> constructor = sConstructorMap.get(name);
        Class<? extends View> clazz = null;

        try {
            Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, name);

            if (constructor == null) {
                // Class not found in the cache, see if it's real, and try to add it
                //如果缓存中没有需要的构造器，那就通过ClassLoader加载需要的类
                clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
                        prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);

                if (mFilter != null && clazz != null) {
                    boolean allowed = mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                    if (!allowed) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                    }
                }
                //将使用过的构造器缓存
                constructor = clazz.getConstructor(mConstructorSignature);
                sConstructorMap.put(name, constructor);
            } else {
                // If we have a filter, apply it to cached constructor
                if (mFilter != null) {
                    // Have we seen this name before?
                    Boolean allowedState = mFilterMap.get(name);
                    if (allowedState == null) {
                        // New class -- remember whether it is allowed
                        clazz = mContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(
                                prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name).asSubclass(View.class);

                        boolean allowed = clazz != null && mFilter.onLoadClass(clazz);
                        mFilterMap.put(name, allowed);
                        if (!allowed) {
                            failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                        }
                    } else if (allowedState.equals(Boolean.FALSE)) {
                        failNotAllowed(name, prefix, attrs);
                    }
                }
            }

            Object[] args = mConstructorArgs;
            args[1] = attrs;

            constructor.setAccessible(true);
            //通过反射获取需要的实例对象
            final View view = constructor.newInstance(args);
            if (view instanceof ViewStub) {
                // Use the same context when inflating ViewStub later.
                final ViewStub viewStub = (ViewStub) view;
                //ViewStub将创建一个属于自己的LayoutInflater，因为它需要在不同的时机去inflate
                viewStub.setLayoutInflater(cloneInContext((Context) args[0]));
            }
            return view;

        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class "
                    + (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name));
            ie.initCause(e);
            throw ie;

        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            // If loaded class is not a View subclass
            InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Class is not a View "
                    + (prefix != null ? (prefix + name) : name));
            ie.initCause(e);
            throw ie;
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // If loadClass fails, we should propagate the exception.
            throw e;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            InflateException ie = new InflateException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Error inflating class "
                    + (clazz == null ? "<unknown>" : clazz.getName()));
            ie.initCause(e);
            throw ie;
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
    }

大体步骤就是，
1.从缓存中获取特定View构造器，如果没有，则加载对应的类，并缓存该构造器，
2.利用构造器反射构造对应的View
3.如果是ViewStub则复制一个LayoutInflater对象传递给它