Android09--Android之Handler机制

1.Android中的异步任务Handler

Handler:Android提供的处理UI界面更新的一套异步机制..可以发送消息和接受消息.
Handler机制涉及到四个类:Message MessageQueue Looper Handler
以生产者消费的模型来说:

Message:产品
MessageQueue: 仓库
Looper: 循环查看仓库是否有消息
Handler:物流(将产品放进仓库—>处理每一个包裹)

注意
1.只有主线程默认有Looper,没个线程仅有一个looper.并且looper是个死循环,在循环里会监视MessageQueue中的消息,如果有就回调Handler中的dispatchMessage去处理消息.

2.具体的使用

Message:(包装成一个消息)
构造方法:

                    // 不推荐
                Message message1 = new Message();
                    // 消息是存在线程池中的,先看线程池中是否有可重用的消息,重复使用,节省资源
                    Message message = Message.obtain();
                    message.arg1 = i + 1;
                    message.what = 0;
                    // 将消息发给主线程(原则:主线程执行的操作越少越好)
                    handler.sendMessage(message);

从网上获取网页内容:

// 布局是一个WebView

public class NetWorkHandler implements Runnable, Handler.Callback {
    private String url;
    private callBack call;
    private Handler handler;

    public NetWorkHandler(String url, callBack call) {
        this.url = url;
        this.call = call;
        // 指明是主线程中,handler和主线程中的looper绑定
        handler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper(), this);
    }


    @Override
    public boolean handleMessage(Message msg) {
        switch (msg.what) {
            case 0:
                call.onSuccess(((String) msg.obj));
                break;
            case 1:
                call.onFail(((Exception) msg.getData().getSerializable("Exception")), msg.getData().getString("text"));
                break;
            case 2:
                call.onFail(((Exception) msg.getData().getSerializable("Exception")), msg.getData().getString("text"));
                break;
        }
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        try {
            HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(url).openConnection();
            connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            int code = connection.getResponseCode();
            if (code == 200) {
                InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
                ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                int length;
                byte[] buffer = new byte[102400];
                while ((length = (is.read(buffer))) != -1) {
                    baos.write(buffer, 0, length);
                }
                String text = baos.toString("UTF-8");
                handler.obtainMessage(0, text).sendToTarget();
            } else {
                RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException("ResponseCode:" + code);
                String text = new String("网络错误");
                Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
                bundle.putString("text", text);
                bundle.putSerializable("Exception", e);
                Message obtain = Message.obtain(handler, 1);
                obtain.setData(bundle);
                obtain.sendToTarget();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            String text = new String("IO异常");
            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.putString("text", text);
            bundle.putSerializable("Exception", e);
            Message obtain = Message.obtain(handler, 1);
            obtain.setData(bundle);
            obtain.sendToTarget();
        }
    }

    public interface callBack {
        void onSuccess(String text);

        void onFail(Exception e, String text);
    }
}

测试类:

private String url = "http://www.imooc.com/learn/135";
    private WebView webView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main2);
        webView = (WebView) findViewById(R.id.main2_web);
        new Thread(new NetWorkHandler(url,this)).start();
    }

    @Override
    public void onSuccess(String text) {
        webView.loadDataWithBaseURL("http://www.imooc.com/",text,"text/html; charest=UTF-8","UTF-8",null);
    }
    @Override
    public void onFail(Exception e, String text) {
        e.printStackTrace();
        Toast.makeText(Main2Activity.this, text,  Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

3.Handler和AsyncTask的联系区别

1.首先明确Android之所以有Handler和AsyncTask，都是为了不阻塞主线程（UI线程），且UI的更新只能在主线程中完成，因此异步处理是不可避免的。
2.Handler机制:我们通过Message包装一个消息,通过Handler发送到消息仓库(掌管仓库的是MessageQueue);并且Looper在不时的盯着仓库,是否有消息,如果有就去出来交给Handler再去处理.
3.AsyncTask:AsyncTask异步任务是通过onPreExecute(), onPostExecute(Result)，doInBackground(Params…), onProgressUpdate(Progress…)这几个方法；这几个方法.doInBackground()函数在后台执行数据的处理,然后自动调用onProgressUpdate等方法来更新UI界面.

参考文献:
https://changer0.github.io/2016/08/30/Android%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/Day25-Handler%E5%92%8CApplication/