Spring 框架的 BeanFactory

参考:
http://m.knowsky.com/621190.html
http://www.cnblogs.com/leskang/p/6411011.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/sishang/p/6576665.html
https://www.yiibai.com/spring/spring-postconstruct-and-predestroy-example.html

说到Spring框架,人们往往大谈特谈一些似乎高逼格的东西,比如依赖注入,控制反转,面向切面等等。但是却忘记了最基本的一点,Spring的本质是一个bean工厂(beanFactory)或者说bean容器,它按照我们的要求,生产我们需要的各种各样的bean,提供给我们使用。只是在生产bean的过程中,需要解决bean之间的依赖问题,才引入了依赖注入(DI)这种技术。也就是说依赖注入是beanFactory生产bean时为了解决bean之间的依赖的一种技术而已。

那么我们为什么需要Spring框架来给我们提供这个beanFactory的功能呢?原因是一般我们认为是,可以将原来硬编码的依赖,通过Spring这个beanFactory这个工厂来注入依赖,也就是说原来只有依赖方和被依赖方,现在我们引入了第三方——spring这个beanFactory,由它来解决bean之间的依赖问题,达到了松耦合的效果;这个只是原因之一,还有一个更加重要的原因:在没有spring这个beanFactory之前,我们都是直接通过new来实例化各种对象,现在各种对象bean的生产都是通过beanFactory来实例化的,这样的话,spring这个beanFactory就可以在实例化bean的过程中,做一些小动作——在实例化bean的各个阶段进行一些额外的处理,也就是说beanFactory会在bean的生命周期的各个阶段中对bean进行各种管理,并且spring将这些阶段通过各种接口暴露给我们,让我们可以对bean进行各种处理,我们只要让bean实现对应的接口,那么spring就会在bean的生命周期调用我们实现的接口来处理该bean。下面我们看是如何实现这一点的。

1. bean容器的启动

bean在实例化之前,必须是在bean容器启动之后。所以就有了两个阶段:

1) bean容器的启动阶段;

2) 容器中bean的实例化阶段;

在启动阶段

1> 首先是读取bean的xml配置文件,然后解析xml文件中的各种bean的定义,将xml文件中的每一个\元素分别转换成一个BeanDefinition对象,其中保存了从配置文件中读取到的该bean的各种信息:

public abstract class AbstractBeanDefinition extends BeanMetadataAttributeAccessor implements BeanDefinition, Cloneable {
    private volatile Object beanClass;
    private String scope = SCOPE_DEFAULT;
    private boolean abstractFlag = false;
    private boolean lazyInit = false;
    private int autowireMode = AUTOWIRE_NO;
    private int dependencyCheck = DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE;
    private String[] dependsOn;
    private ConstructorArgumentValues constructorArgumentValues;
    private MutablePropertyValues propertyValues;
    private String factoryBeanName;
    private String factoryMethodName;
    private String initMethodName;
    private String destroyMethodName;
}

beanClass保存bean的class属性,scop保存bean是否单例,abstractFlag保存该bean是否抽象,lazyInit保存是否延迟初始化,autowireMode保存是否自动装配,dependencyCheck保存是否坚持依赖,dependsOn保存该bean依赖于哪些bean(这些bean必须提取初始化),constructorArgumentValues保存通过构造函数注入的依赖,propertyValues保存通过setter方法注入的依赖,factoryBeanName和factoryMethodName用于factorybean,也就是工厂类型的bean,initMethodName和destroyMethodName分别对应bean的init-method和destory-method属性,比如:

<bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">

读完配置文件之后,得到了很多的BeanDefinition对象,

2> 然后通过BeanDefinitionRegistry将这些bean注册到beanFactory中:

public interface BeanDefinitionRegistry extends AliasRegistry {
    void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException;
    void removeBeanDefinition(String beanName) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
    BeanDefinition getBeanDefinition(String beanName) throws NoSuchBeanDefinitionException;
    boolean containsBeanDefinition(String beanName);
    String[] getBeanDefinitionNames();
    int getBeanDefinitionCount();
    boolean isBeanNameInUse(String beanName);
}

BeanFactory的实现类,需要实现BeanDefinitionRegistry 接口:

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class DefaultListableBeanFactory extends AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory implements ConfigurableListableBeanFactory, BeanDefinitionRegistry, Serializable {
    /**
     * Map of bean definition objects, keyed by bean name
     */
    private final Map<String, BeanDefinition> beanDefinitionMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, BeanDefinition>(64);

    @Override
    public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {        // ... ...       this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);     
    }
}

我们看到BeanDefinition被注册到了 DefaultListableBeanFactory, 保存在它的一个ConcurrentHashMap中。

将BeanDefinition注册到了beanFactory之后,在这里Spring为我们提供了一个扩展的切口,允许我们通过实现接口BeanFactoryPostProcessor 在此处来插入我们定义的代码:

public interface BeanFactoryPostProcessor {
    /**
     * Modify the application context's internal bean factory after its standard     
     * initialization. All bean definitions will have been loaded, but no beans    
     * will have been instantiated yet. This allows for overriding or adding    
     * properties even to eager-initializing beans.     
     * @param beanFactory the bean factory used by the application context    
     * @throws org.springframework.beans.BeansException in case of errors
     */
    void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;
}

典型的例子就是:PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer,我们一般在配置数据库的dataSource时使用到的占位符的值,就是它注入进去的:

public abstract class PropertyResourceConfigurer extends PropertiesLoaderSupport        implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor, PriorityOrdered {   
  @Override    
  public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException {        
    try {            
      Properties mergedProps = mergeProperties();            
      // Convert the merged properties, if necessary.
      convertProperties(mergedProps);           
      // Let the subclass process the properties.
      processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);        
    } catch (IOException ex) {            
      throw new BeanInitializationException("Could not load properties", ex);       
    }    
}

processProperties(beanFactory, mergedProps);
在子类中实现的,功能就是将${jdbc_username}等等这些替换成实际值。

<bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-                                    method="init" destroy-method="close">        
      <property name="url" value="${jdbc_url}" />        
      <property name="username" value="${jdbc_username}" />        
      <property name="password" value="${jdbc_password}" />
</bean>

bean的实例化阶段

实例化阶段主要是通过反射或者CGLIB对bean进行实例化,在这个阶段Spring又给我们暴露了很多的扩展点:

1> 各种的Aware接口,比如 BeanFactoryAware,MessageSourceAware, ApplicationContextAware

对于实现了这些Aware接口的bean,在实例化bean时Spring会帮我们注入对应的:BeanFactory.

BeanFactoryAware 和 ApplicationContextAware 的相当于是封装了 BeanFactory,参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/handsomeye/p/6277510.html

Spring框架做消息的多国化时,我们可以借助于MessageSourceAware接口

参考 https://www.yiibai.com/spring/spring-how-to-access-messagesource-in-bean-messagesourceaware.html

public interface BeanFactoryAware extends Aware {
    /**
     * Callback that supplies the owning factory to a bean instance.     
     * <p>Invoked after the population of normal bean properties    
     * but before an initialization callback such as     
     * {@link InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()} or a custom init-method.    
     * @param beanFactory owning BeanFactory (never {@code null}).    
     * The bean can immediately call methods on the factory.    
     * @throws BeansException in case of initialization errors    
     * @see BeanInitializationException
     */
    void setBeanFactory(BeanFactory beanFactory) throws BeansException;
}
public interface ApplicationContextAware extends Aware {    
  /**
  * Set the ApplicationContext that this object runs in.     
  * Normally this call will be used to initialize the object.     
  * <p>Invoked after population of normal bean properties but before an init callback such     
  * as {@link org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean#afterPropertiesSet()}     * or a custom init-method. Invoked after {@link ResourceLoaderAware#setResourceLoader},     
  * {@link ApplicationEventPublisherAware#setApplicationEventPublisher} and     
  * {@link MessageSourceAware}, if applicable.     
  * @param applicationContext the ApplicationContext object to be used by this object     * @throws ApplicationContextException in case of context initialization errors    
  * @throws BeansException if thrown by application context methods     
  * @see org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanInitializationException     
  */    
  void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException;}
public interface MessageSourceAware extends Aware {    
  /**     
  * Set the MessageSource that this object runs in.     
  * <p>Invoked after population of normal bean properties but before an init     
  * callback like InitializingBean's afterPropertiesSet or a custom init-method.     
  * Invoked before ApplicationContextAware's setApplicationContext.     
  * @param messageSource message sourceto be used by this object     
  */    
  void setMessageSource(MessageSource messageSource);}

2> BeanPostProcessor接口

实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的bean,在实例化bean时Spring会帮我们调用接口中的方法:

public interface BeanPostProcessor {    
  /**     
  * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>before</i> any bean     * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}     
  * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.     * The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.*/    
  Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;    
  /**     
  * Apply this BeanPostProcessor to the given new bean instance <i>after</i> any bean     * initialization callbacks (like InitializingBean's {@code afterPropertiesSet}     
  * or a custom init-method). The bean will already be populated with property values.     * The returned bean instance may be a wrapper around the original.*/    
  Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException;}

从注释中可以知道 postProcessBeforeInitialization方法在 InitializingBean接口的 afterPropertiesSet方法之前执行,而postProcessAfterInitialization方法在 InitializingBean接口的afterPropertiesSet方法之后执行。

多个 PostProcessor 可以通过实现Ordered 接口,设定执行的次序, 0最高。

3> InitializingBean接口

实现了InitializingBean接口的bean,在实例化bean时Spring会帮我们调用接口中的方法:

public interface InitializingBean {    
  /**     
  * Invoked by a BeanFactory after it has set all bean properties supplied     
  * (and satisfied BeanFactoryAware and ApplicationContextAware).     
  * <p>This method allows the bean instance to perform initialization only     
  * possible when all bean properties have been set and to throw an    
  * exception in the event of misconfiguration.     
  * @throws Exception in the event of misconfiguration (such     
  * as failure to set an essential property) or if initialization fails.     
  */    
  void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception;}

例如:

package cn.springextend;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.DisposableBean;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.InitializingBean;

/**
 * @author susq
 * @since 2018-05-09-13:17
 */
public class TestInitializingBean implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {

    public TestInitializingBean() {
        System.out.println("constructor");
    }

    public void init() {
        System.out.println("init");
    }

    @Override
    public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterPropertiesSet");
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("destory");
    }
}

测试:

package cn.springextend;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * @author susq
 * @since 2018-05-09-13:19
 */
public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("cn/springextend/spring-bean.xml");
        TestInitializingBean initializingBean = (TestInitializingBean) context.getBean("testInitializingBean");
        context.close();
        System.out.println("main  end ");

    }
}

输出

constructor
afterPropertiesSet
init
destory
main  end 

可见afterPropertiesSet()是在构造方法之后调用的,这也是为什么该方法叫这个名字,在属性设置(即构造函数)之后调用。

4> DisposableBean接口

实现了BeanPostProcessor接口的bean,在该bean死亡时Spring会帮我们调用接口中的方法:

public interface DisposableBean {    
  /**     
  * Invoked by a BeanFactory on destruction of a singleton.     
  * @throws Exception in case of shutdown errors.     
  * Exceptions will get logged but not rethrown to allow     
  * other beans to release their resources too.     
  */    
  void destroy() throws Exception;}

建议:
不建议使用InitializingBean和DisposableBean的接口,因为它将你的代码紧耦合到 Spring 代码中。 一个更好的做法应该是在bean的配置文件属性指定 init-method和destroy-method

例如数据库连接:

<bean name="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" init-method="init" destroy-method="close">

所以在Spring初始化 dataSource 这个bean之后会调用 DruidDataSource.init 方法:

    public void init() throws SQLException {        
      // ... ...
      try {            
        lock.lockInterruptibly();        
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {            
        throw new SQLException("interrupt", e);        
      }        
      boolean init = false;        
      try {              
        connections = new DruidConnectionHolder[maxActive];            
        SQLException connectError = null;            
        try {                                
          for (int i = 0, size = getInitialSize(); i < size; ++i) {                                 Connection conn = createPhysicalConnection();                    
            DruidConnectionHolder holder = new DruidConnectionHolder(this, conn);                   connections[poolingCount++] = holder;                
          }                
          if (poolingCount > 0) {                    
            poolingPeak = poolingCount;                    
            poolingPeakTime = System.currentTimeMillis();                
          }            
        } catch (SQLException ex) {                
          LOG.error("init datasource error", ex);                
          connectError = ex;            
        }                  
      } catch (SQLException e) {            
        LOG.error("dataSource init error", e);            
        throw e;        
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {            
        throw new SQLException(e.getMessage(), e);        
      } finally {            
        inited = true;            
        lock.unlock();        
      }    
    }

基本就是初始化数据库连接池。

在dataSource 这个bean死亡时会调用 DruidDataSource.close()方法:

   public void close() {        
     lock.lock();        
     try {          
       for (int i = 0; i < poolingCount; ++i) {                
         try {                    
           DruidConnectionHolder connHolder = connections[i];                    
           for (PreparedStatementHolder stmtHolder : connHolder.getStatementPool().getMap().values()) {                        connHolder.getStatementPool().closeRemovedStatement(stmtHolder);                    
                                                                                                      }                    
           connHolder.getStatementPool().getMap().clear();                    
           Connection physicalConnection = connHolder.getConnection();                    physicalConnection.close();                    
           connections[i] = null;                    
           destroyCount.incrementAndGet();                
         } catch (Exception ex) {                    
           LOG.warn("close connection error", ex);                
         }            
       }                  
     } finally {            
       lock.unlock();        
     }    
   }

基本就是关闭连接池中的连接。

另外注解 @PostConstruct 和 @PreDestroy 也能达到 InitializingBean接口 和 DisposableBean接口的效果。 @PostConstruct和@PreDestroy 标注不属于 Spring,它是在J2EE库- common-annotations.jar。

默认情况下,Spring不会意识到@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy注解。要启用它,要么注册“CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor”,要么在bean配置文件的‘ 指定, 参考https://www.yiibai.com/spring/spring-postconstruct-and-predestroy-example.html

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

    <bean class="org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor" />

     <!-- 或者用这句 -->
     <!-- <context:annotation-config /> -->

    <bean id="customerService" class="com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService">
        <property name="message" value="i'm property message" />
    </bean>

</beans>

2. 总结

spring容器接管了bean的实例化,不仅仅是通过依赖注入达到了松耦合的效果,同时给我们提供了各种的扩展接口,来在bean的生命周期的各个时期插入我们自己的代码:

0) BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口(在容器启动阶段)

1) 各种的Aware接口

2) BeanPostProcessor接口

3) InitializingBean接口(类似的有@PostConstruct, init-method)

4) DisposableBean接口(类似的有@PreDestroy, destory-method)

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