Matlab函数学习（2）

1.reshape()

语法（Syntax)

B = reshape(A,m,n)

B = reshape(A,m,n,p……)

B = reshape(A,[m,n,p……])

B = reshape(A,……,[],……)

B = reshape(A,siz)

描述：

B= reshape(A,m,n) ——返回m*n的 矩阵B，其元素是列取自A，可能的错误结果：如果没有m * n个元素。（returns the m-by-n matrix B whose elements are taken column-wise from A. An error results if A does not have m*n elements.）
B = reshape(A,m,n,p,...) or B = reshape(A,[m n p ...])——返回一N-D飞数组元素，其大小为m*n*p。指定的B尺寸,m * n * p *必须与A有相同的大小（returns an N-D array with the same elements as A but reshaped to have the size m-by-n-by-p-by-... . The product of the specified dimensions, m*n*p*..., must be the same as prod(size(A)).
B = reshape(A,...,[],...) ——[]：计算的长度尺寸所代表的占位符,这样的B的尺寸等于A的后面的大小。calculates the length of the dimension represented by the placeholder [], such that the product of the dimensions equals prod(size(A)). The value of prod(size(A)) must be evenly divisible by the product of the specified dimensions. You can use only one occurence of [].
B = reshape(A,siz)——返回B的大小就是size。 returns an N-D array with the same elements as A, but reshaped to siz, a vector representing the dimensions of the reshaped array. The quantity prod(siz) must be the same as prod(size(A)).

Examples

转换成：将3*4的矩阵转换成2*6的矩阵。

A= 1 4 7 10

      2 5 8 11

      3 6 9 12

B=reshape(A,2,6)

B=  1 3 5 7  9  11

       2 4 6 8 10 12

B=reshape(A,2,[])

B=  1 3 5 7  9  11

       2 4 6 8 10 12

2.norm()

向量和矩阵的规范.

语法:

n =norm(X);

n =norm(X,p);

注意:norm(x)是一个矢量的欧氏长度x。p指开方次数，p=2；即开二次方求几何距离。

x = [0 1 2 3]
x = 
     0     1     2     3

sqrt(0+1+4+9)   % Euclidean length
ans =
    3.7417

norm(x)
ans =
    3.7417


n = length(x)   % Number of elements
n =
     4

rms = 3.7417/2  % rms = norm(x)/sqrt(n)
rms =
    1.8708

距离：

X=[-2,3,-1]

n=norm(x);

n=

3.7417

n=norm(X,1)

n=6