Merge Two Sorted Lists - Leetcode

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题意:合并两个有序链表。
思路:此题难易程度是easy,在数据结构书中讲链表这一块有这个题目出现。做法很简单,分别用指针指向两个链表,比较指针所指的值大小,将值小的那一项放入新链表中,并将该指针向后移动一位。
笔者第一次提交的代码如下。这段代码是有问题的,他用r指针确实按从小到大的顺序遍历的两个链表的元素,head也确实是所谓新链表的头指针的内容。但这里最大的问题是并没有生成完整的链表!head的next指针是NULL,r也只是按从小到大顺序,依次是当前的节点(val,NULL)。但是并没有将每个节点串连起来!这是一个严重的问题。然而这个错误出现之后,笔者并没有弄清状况,仍然不知道代码哪里的错误导致了这样的结果。可见笔者对指针这一块内容理解的过于肤浅了。随后在网上看了一下其他人按照这种做法编写的代码,比照了,然后找出来问题出在哪里。

ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
     ListNode* head=NULL;
    ListNode* r=NULL;
    if (l1 == NULL&&l2 == NULL) return NULL;
    if (l1 != NULL&&l2 == NULL) return l1;
    if (l1 == NULL&&l2 != NULL) return l2;
    if (l1->val<l2->val) {
        head=new ListNode(l1->val);
        l1 = l1->next;
    }
    else {
        head = new ListNode(l2->val);
        l2 = l2->next;
    }
    //错误。应该是r=head;
    head= r;
    while (l1 != NULL&&l2 != NULL) {
        if (l1->val<l2->val) {
        //错误。如果这里重新new一个结点的话,那么r就指向了一个新地址
        //因此这样就不能形成一个完整的链表了。
            r = new ListNode(l1->val);
            l1 = l1->next;
            r = r->next;
        }
        else {
            r = new ListNode(l2->val);
            l2 = l2->next;
            r = r->next;
        }
    }
    if (l1 != NULL&&l2 == NULL)
    {
        r = l1;
    }
    else if (l1 == NULL&&l2 != NULL)
    {
        r = l2;
    }
    return head;
    }

修改之后的代码如下。这样就AC了。

 ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
    ListNode* head=NULL;
    ListNode* r=NULL;
    if (l1 == NULL&&l2 == NULL) return NULL;
    if (l1 != NULL&&l2 == NULL) return l1;
    if (l1 == NULL&&l2 != NULL) return l2;
    if (l1->val<l2->val) {
        head=new ListNode(l1->val);
        l1 = l1->next;
    }
    else {
        head = new ListNode(l2->val);
        l2 = l2->next;
    }
    r = head;
    while (l1 != NULL&&l2 != NULL) {
        if (l1->val<l2->val) {
            r->next = l1;
            l1 = l1->next;
            r = r->next;
        }
        else {
            r->next = l2;
            l2 = l2->next;
            r = r->next;
        }
    }
    if (l2 == NULL)
    {
        r->next=l1;
    }
    else if (l1 == NULL)
    {
        r->next=l2;
    }
    return head;
    }
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To merge k sorted linked lists, one approach is to repeatedly merge two of the linked lists until all k lists have been merged into one. We can use a priority queue to keep track of the minimum element across all k linked lists at any given time. Here's the code to implement this idea: ``` struct ListNode { int val; ListNode* next; ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {} }; // Custom comparator for the priority queue struct CompareNode { bool operator()(const ListNode* node1, const ListNode* node2) const { return node1->val > node2->val; } }; ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) { priority_queue<ListNode*, vector<ListNode*>, CompareNode> pq; for (ListNode* list : lists) { if (list) { pq.push(list); } } ListNode* dummy = new ListNode(-1); ListNode* curr = dummy; while (!pq.empty()) { ListNode* node = pq.top(); pq.pop(); curr->next = node; curr = curr->next; if (node->next) { pq.push(node->next); } } return dummy->next; } ``` We start by initializing a priority queue with all the head nodes of the k linked lists. We use a custom comparator that compares the values of two nodes and returns true if the first node's value is less than the second node's value. We then create a dummy node to serve as the head of the merged linked list, and a current node to keep track of the last node in the merged linked list. We repeatedly pop the minimum node from the priority queue and append it to the merged linked list. If the popped node has a next node, we push it onto the priority queue. Once the priority queue is empty, we return the head of the merged linked list. Note that this implementation has a time complexity of O(n log k), where n is the total number of nodes across all k linked lists, and a space complexity of O(k).

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