【高级编程技术】【作业】【第五周】【1】

教材第9章课后练习

9-1 餐馆

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print('restaurant_name =', self.restaurant_name)
        print('cuisine_type =', self.cuisine_type)
    def open_restaurant(self):
        print('The restaurant is open.')

restaurant = Restaurant('KFC', 'fast food')
restaurant.describe_restaurant()
restaurant.open_restaurant()

9-2 三家餐馆

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print('restaurant_name =', self.restaurant_name)
        print('cuisine_type =', self.cuisine_type)
    def open_restaurant(self):
        print('The restaurant is open.')

restaurant1 = Restaurant('KFC', 'fast food')
restaurant2 = Restaurant('Mcdonald\'s', 'fast food')
restaurant3 = Restaurant('Starbucks', 'coffee')
restaurant1.describe_restaurant()
restaurant2.describe_restaurant()
restaurant3.describe_restaurant()

9-3 用户

class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, sex):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.sex = sex
    def describe_user(self):
        print('first name =', self.first_name)
        print('last name =', self.last_name)
        print('age =', self.age)
        print('sex =', self.sex)
    def greet_user(self):
        print('Hello,', self.first_name.title(), self.last_name.title()+'!')

user1 = User('san', 'zhang', 12, 'male')
user1.describe_user()
user1.greet_user()
user2 = User('si', 'li', 14, 'female')
user2.describe_user()
user2.greet_user()
user3 = User('wu', 'wang', 12, 'female')
user3.describe_user()
user3.greet_user()

9-4 就餐人数

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 0
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print('restaurant_name =', self.restaurant_name)
        print('cuisine_type =', self.cuisine_type)
        print('number_served =', self.number_served)
    def open_restaurant(self):
        print('The restaurant is open.')
    def set_number_served(self, new_number):
        self.number_served = new_number
    def increment_number_served(self, adder):
        self.number_served += adder

restaurant = Restaurant('KFC', 'fried chicken')
print('There are', restaurant.number_served, 'people have had dinner in this restaurant.')
restaurant.number_served = 12
print('There are', restaurant.number_served, 'people have had dinner in this restaurant.')
restaurant.set_number_served(0)
print('There are', restaurant.number_served, 'people have had dinner in this restaurant.')
restaurant.increment_number_served(10)
print('There are', restaurant.number_served, 'people have had dinner in this restaurant.')

9-5 尝试登录次数

class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, sex):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.sex = sex
        self.login_attempts = 0
    def increment_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts += 1
    def reset_login_attempts(self):
        self.login_attempts = 0

user = User('si', 'zhao', 19, 'female')
user.increment_login_attempts()
user.increment_login_attempts()
print(user.login_attempts)
user.reset_login_attempts()
print(user.login_attempts)

9-6 冰淇淋小店

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print('restaurant_name =', self.restaurant_name)
        print('cuisine_type =', self.cuisine_type)
    def open_restaurant(self):
        print('The restaurant is open.')

class IceCreamStand(Restaurant):
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        super().__init__(restaurant_name, cuisine_type)
        self.flavors = ['milk', 'strawberry', 'melon', 'apple']
    def show_flavors(self):
        print(self.flavors)

ice_cream_stand = IceCreamStand('minzhi', 'ice cream')
ice_cream_stand.show_flavors()

9-7 管理员

class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, sex):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.sex = sex
    def describe_user(self):
        print('first name =', self.first_name)
        print('last name =', self.last_name)
        print('age =', self.age)
        print('sex =', self.sex)
    def greet_user(self):
        print('Hello,', self.first_name.title(), self.last_name.title()+'!')

class Admin(User):
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, sex):
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age, sex)
        self.privileges = ['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']
    def show_privileges(self):
        print(self.first_name.title(), self.last_name.title(), 'has some privileges:')
        for privilege in self.privileges:
            print(privilege)

admin = Admin('san', 'zhang', 25, 'male')
admin.show_privileges()

9-8 权限

class Privileges():
    def __init__(self):
        self.privileges = ['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']
    def show_privileges(self):
        for privilege in self.privileges:
            print(privilege)

class Admin():
    def __init__(self):
        self.privileges = Privileges()

admin = Admin()
admin.privileges.show_privileges()

9-9 电瓶升级

class Car():
    '''一次模拟汽车的简单尝试'''

    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        self.make = make
        self.model = model
        self.year = year
        self.odometer_reading = 0

    def get_descriptive_name(self):
        long_name = str(self.year) + ' ' + self.make + ' ' + self.model
        return long_name.title()

    def read_odometer(self):
        print('This car has ' + str(self.odometer_reading) + ' miles on it.')

    def update_odometer(self, mileage):
        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:
            self.odometer_reading = mileage
        else:
            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")

    def increment_odometer(self, miles):
        self.odometer_reading += miles

class Battery():
    '''一次模拟电动汽车电瓶的简单尝试'''

    def __init__(self, battery_size=70):
        '''初始化电瓶的属性'''
        self.battery_size = battery_size

    def describe_battery(self):
        '''打印一条描述电瓶容量的消息'''
        print('This car has a ' + str(self.battery_size) + '-kWh battery.')

    def get_range(self):
        '''打印一条消息，指出电瓶的续航里程'''
        if self.battery_size == 70:
            range = 240
        elif self.battery_size == 85:
            range = 270

        message = "This car can go approximately " + str(range)
        message += " miles on a full charge."
        print(message)

    def upgrade_battery(self):
        if self.battery_size != 85:
            self.battery_size = 85

class ElectricCar(Car):
    '''Represent aspects of a car, specific to electric vehicles.'''

    def __init__(self, make, model, year):
        '''
        电动汽车的独特之处
        初始化父类的属性，再初始化电动汽车特有的属性
        '''
        super().__init__(make, model, year)
        self.battery = Battery()

my_tesla = ElectricCar('tesla', 'model s', 2016)
my_tesla.battery.get_range()
my_tesla.battery.upgrade_battery()
my_tesla.battery.get_range()

9-10 导入Restaurant类

Restaurant.py

class Restaurant():
    def __init__(self, restaurant_name, cuisine_type):
        self.restaurant_name = restaurant_name
        self.cuisine_type = cuisine_type
        self.number_served = 0
    def describe_restaurant(self):
        print('restaurant_name =', self.restaurant_name)
        print('cuisine_type =', self.cuisine_type)
        print('number_served =', self.number_served)
    def open_restaurant(self):
        print('The restaurant is open.')
    def set_number_served(self, new_number):
        self.number_served = new_number
    def increment_number_served(self, adder):
        self.number_served += adder

main.py

from Restaurant import Restaurant

restaurant = Restaurant('KFC', 'fried chicken')
restaurant.describe_restaurant()

9-11 导入Admin类

Users.py

class Privileges():
    def __init__(self):
        self.privileges = ['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']
    def show_privileges(self):
        for privilege in self.privileges:
            print(privilege)

class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, sex):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.sex = sex
    def describe_user(self):
        print('first name =', self.first_name)
        print('last name =', self.last_name)
        print('age =', self.age)
        print('sex =', self.sex)
    def greet_user(self):
        print('Hello,', self.first_name.title(), self.last_name.title()+'!')

class Admin(User):
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, sex):
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age, sex)
        self.privileges = Privileges()

main.py

from Users import User, Privileges, Admin

admin = Admin('san', 'zhang', 18, 'male')
admin.privileges.show_privileges()

9-12 多个模块

Users.py

class User():
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, sex):
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.age = age
        self.sex = sex
    def describe_user(self):
        print('first name =', self.first_name)
        print('last name =', self.last_name)
        print('age =', self.age)
        print('sex =', self.sex)
    def greet_user(self):
        print('Hello,', self.first_name.title(), self.last_name.title()+'!')

Admin.py

from Users import User

class Privileges():
    def __init__(self):
        self.privileges = ['can add post', 'can delete post', 'can ban user']
    def show_privileges(self):
        for privilege in self.privileges:
            print(privilege)

class Admin(User):
    def __init__(self, first_name, last_name, age, sex):
        super().__init__(first_name, last_name, age, sex)
        self.privileges = Privileges()

main.py

from Admin import Admin

admin = Admin('san', 'zhang', 18, 'male')
admin.privileges.show_privileges()

9-13 使用OrderedDict

from collections import OrderedDict

words = OrderedDict()
words['C'] = 'A programming language.'
words['Python'] = 'A programming language.'
words['Java'] = 'A programming language.'
words['Google'] = 'An IT company.'
words['CPU'] = 'Central Processing Unit.'
words['Linux'] = 'An operating system.'
words['Windows'] = 'An operating system.'
words['DOS'] = 'An operating system.'
words['UNIX'] = 'An operating system.'
words['Turing'] = 'A computer scientist.'

for key, value in words.items():
    print(key+':', value)

9-14 骰子

from random import randint

class Die():
    def __init__(self, sides=6):
        self.sides = sides
    def roll_die(self):
        print(randint(1, self.sides))

die = Die(6)
for i in range(10):
    die.roll_die()
print()
die = Die(10)
for i in range(10):
    die.roll_die()
print()
die = Die(20)
for i in range(10):
    die.roll_die()
print()

9-15 Python Module of the Week

要了解Python标准库，一个很不错的资源是网站Python Module of the Week（https://pymotw.com/3/）。
下图是网站上collections模块的介绍。