UI之测量原理

  上一篇文章UI之Activity启动流程介绍了Activity从启动到屏幕可见的流程,Activity是通过发送Handle消息反射创建除了Activity,并调用Activity的各个生命周期,在onCreate中加载了系统原始View-decorView,并解析了自己布局的xml保存至LayoutParams中,在handleResumeActivity中就开始了具体的UI绘制流程,最终将我们DecorView以及LayoutParams传递给了ViewRootImpl,在该类中依次调用View自己的测量Measure、布局Layout、绘制Draw,至此我们的界面展现在屏幕上。

  本篇文章主要是了解我们的绘制流程Measure,为以后的自定义UI打下基础。

  首先我看performTraversal#ViewRootImpl.java中调用测量的代码

  if (!mStopped || mReportNextDraw) {
                boolean focusChangedDueToTouchMode = ensureTouchModeLocally(
                        (relayoutResult&WindowManagerGlobal.RELAYOUT_RES_IN_TOUCH_MODE) != 0);
                if (focusChangedDueToTouchMode || mWidth != host.getMeasuredWidth()
                        || mHeight != host.getMeasuredHeight() || contentInsetsChanged ||
                        updatedConfiguration) {
                    int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
                    int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);

                    if (DEBUG_LAYOUT) Log.v(mTag, "Ooops, something changed!  mWidth="
                            + mWidth + " measuredWidth=" + host.getMeasuredWidth()
                            + " mHeight=" + mHeight
                            + " measuredHeight=" + host.getMeasuredHeight()
                            + " coveredInsetsChanged=" + contentInsetsChanged);

                     // Ask host how big it wants to be

                    performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);

                    // Implementation of weights from WindowManager.LayoutParams
                    // We just grow the dimensions as needed and re-measure if
                    // needs be
                    int width = host.getMeasuredWidth();
                    int height = host.getMeasuredHeight();

在performMeasure方法中传入了childWidthMeasureSpec和childHeightMeasureSpec

private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
        if (mView == null) {
            return;
        }
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
        try {
            //调用了DecorView的测量方法
            mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
    }

可以看出在这个方法中它直接调用decorView的测量方法,在进入该测量方法之前我们先来看一下childWidthMeasureSpec和childHeightMeasureSpec是什么值

  int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
  int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);

从应为的翻译上我们不难看出他们的意思是宽高测量规格,那么这个规格具体是指什么,怎么来的,我们继续进入getRootMeasureSpec方法中。

/**
     * Figures out the measure spec for the root view in a window based on it's
     * layout params.
     * 根据Layout Params计算出根View的测量规格
     *
     * @param windowSize
     *            窗口可用的宽高
     *
     * @param rootDimension
     *            宽高的Layout params模式是什么(MATCH_PARENT,WRAP_CONTENT,具体的数值)
     *
     * @return The measure spec to use to measure the root view.
     */
    private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
        int measureSpec;
        switch (rootDimension) {

        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
            // Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
            // Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
            break;
        default:
            // Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
            measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
            break;
        }
        return measureSpec;
    }

在该方法主要作用是根据我们窗口的可用大小以及根View的layoutParams模式,通过MeasureSpec类计算出我们的根View的测量规格

MeasureSpec.java源码如下

 public static class MeasureSpec {
        private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
        private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;

        /** @hide */
        @IntDef({UNSPECIFIED, EXACTLY, AT_MOST})
        @Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
        public @interface MeasureSpecMode {}

        /**
         * 父控件不对子控件做任何的限制,它需要多大给多大
         * 
         */
        public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;

        /**
         * 父控件有一个确定的值限制其子控件的大小
         * 
         */
        public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;

        /**
         *子控件可以想要它需要的任何值
         * 
         */
        public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

        /**
         * 
         *  将size和mode生成一个32位数值,前两位代表mode,其他位代表size
         * 
         */
        public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,
                                          @MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
            if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
                return size + mode;
            } else {
                return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
            }
        }

        
        public static int makeSafeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
            if (sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec && mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
                return 0;
            }
            return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
        }

        /**
         * 从宽高规格中返回模式
         
         */
        @MeasureSpecMode
        public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
            //noinspection ResourceType
            return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
        }

        /**
         * 
         *从宽高规格中返回数值大小
         */
        public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
            return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);

        }
    }

通过对MeasureSpec的源码分析配合上getRootMeasureSpec方法中的case判断我们可以得到MeasureSpec三种模式的对应关系如下:

           EXACTLY-----》match_parent以及确定数值的情况

           AT_MOST----》wrap_content

           UNSPECIFIED---》源码内部使用,如ScrollView,ListView

且其在计算测量规格的时候将这三种模式对应的值0,1,2左位移30位。

接着往下看源码中一共有三个重要的方法:

                    makeMeasureSpec---》Size和Mode打包

                    getMode---》获取Mode

                    getSize---》获取Size

第一个方法makeMeasureSpec:

 public static int makeMeasureSpec(@IntRange(from = 0, to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,@MeasureSpecMode int mode) {
            if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
                return size + mode;
            } else {
                return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
            }
        }

在生成这个32位数值的时候进行了如下运算“(size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK)”,

将size通过MODE_MASK操作后,将size转换成32位后放入后30位并组合Mode,然后返回其值,其运算方式如下图:

 第二个方法 getMode

  public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
            //noinspection ResourceType
            return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
        }

运算规则是通过measureSpec与MODE_MASK进行与运算,取出Mode,其运算方式如下

第三个方法getSize

public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
            return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
        }

运算规则是先将MODE_MASK取反,再与measureSpec进行运算,其运算过程如下:

由上可知传给我们的measureSpec是一个mode+size的组合值,在测量的过程不停往下传递,其他view在使用的时候通过getMode()和getSize()进行使用。

  到目前为止我们已经得到一个DecorView的MeasureSpec,在接下来的绘制流程,各个子View拿着这个MeasureSpec开始自己的测量,现在我们继续接着上面的performMeasure往下看看系统还做了什么。

performMeasure#ViewRootImpl.java

 private void performMeasure(int childWidthMeasureSpec, int childHeightMeasureSpec) {
        if (mView == null) {
            return;
        }
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW, "measure");
        try {
            mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
        } finally {
            Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
        }
    }

由上可见它拿着跟视图的测量规格,开始了从DecorView的测量。

  public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
        if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
            Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
            int oWidth  = insets.left + insets.right;
            int oHeight = insets.top  + insets.bottom;
            widthMeasureSpec  = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec,  optical ? -oWidth  : oWidth);
            heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);
        }

        // Suppress sign extension for the low bytes
        long key = (long) widthMeasureSpec << 32 | (long) heightMeasureSpec & 0xffffffffL;
        if (mMeasureCache == null) mMeasureCache = new LongSparseLongArray(2);

        final boolean forceLayout = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;

        // Optimize layout by avoiding an extra EXACTLY pass when the view is
        // already measured as the correct size. In API 23 and below, this
        // extra pass is required to make LinearLayout re-distribute weight.
        final boolean specChanged = widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec
                || heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec;
        final boolean isSpecExactly = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY
                && MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        final boolean matchesSpecSize = getMeasuredWidth() == MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec)
                && getMeasuredHeight() == MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
        final boolean needsLayout = specChanged
                && (sAlwaysRemeasureExactly || !isSpecExactly || !matchesSpecSize);

        if (forceLayout || needsLayout) {
            // first clears the measured dimension flag
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;

            resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded();

            int cacheIndex = forceLayout ? -1 : mMeasureCache.indexOfKey(key);
            if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {
                // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
                //进入View自己实现的测量方法中
                onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
                mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
            } else {
                long value = mMeasureCache.valueAt(cacheIndex);
                // Casting a long to int drops the high 32 bits, no mask needed
                setMeasuredDimensionRaw((int) (value >> 32), (int) value);
                mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
            }

            // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
            // an exception to warn the developer
            if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("View with id " + getId() + ": "
                        + getClass().getName() + "#onMeasure() did not set the"
                        + " measured dimension by calling"
                        + " setMeasuredDimension()");
            }

            mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
        }

        mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
        mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;

        mMeasureCache.put(key, ((long) mMeasuredWidth) << 32 |
                (long) mMeasuredHeight & 0xffffffffL); // suppress sign extension
    }

源码看到这里,我们发现它最终的测量进入了view自己实现的onMeasure方法中,以上就是我们布局测量的核心,不同的view的测量方式不同,由于我们的顶层view是FreamLayout,为了更好地掌握测量的使用方法,我们进入FreamLayout的源码看一看。

   @Override
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        //获取当前子View的个数
        int count = getChildCount();

        //判断当前的View的mode是不是match_parent或者一个准确值,如果不是则将   
         //measureMatchParentChildren设为true
        final boolean measureMatchParentChildren =
                MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY ||
                MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec) != MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
        mMatchParentChildren.clear();

        int maxHeight = 0;
        int maxWidth = 0;
        int childState = 0;

        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {//遍历子view
            final View child = getChildAt(i);
             //显示的view进行一下操作
            if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
                  //测量子view
                measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
                final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
                //找到子view中宽高最大的,因为当FrameLayout的模式是warp_content,
                //则它的宽高是由它宽高最大的view决定的
                maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,
                        child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
                maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,
                        child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
                childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
                  //如果FrameLayout的模式warp_content为,那么需要记录模式为MATCH_PARENT的子
                  //view,因为他们的宽高受父控件影响
                if (measureMatchParentChildren) {
                    if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||
                            lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                        mMatchParentChildren.add(child);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Account for padding too
        maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();
        maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();

        // Check against our minimum height and width
        maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
        maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());

        // Check against our foreground's minimum height and width
        final Drawable drawable = getForeground();
        if (drawable != null) {
            maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());
            maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());
        }

        //确定了最终的测量结果,进行保存,在自定义view中一定要设置这一步
        setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
                resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,
                        childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));

        //处理view中模式为match_parent
        count = mMatchParentChildren.size();
        if (count > 1) {
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                final View child = mMatchParentChildren.get(i);
                final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

                final int childWidthMeasureSpec;
                /**
                 如果子View的模式是match_parent,那么确定了FrameLayout的宽高后,
                 那么需要重新确定子View的宽高规格,
                 子控件能够占领的宽度为=父控件的宽度-padding-margin,模式为EXACTLY
                 如果子View的模式是warp_content,那么子控件的宽度为自己的宽度+padding+margin

                 */
                if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    final int width = Math.max(0, getMeasuredWidth()
                            - getPaddingLeftWithForeground() - getPaddingRightWithForeground()
                            - lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin);
                    childWidthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
                            width, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
                } else {
                    childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(widthMeasureSpec,
                            getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground() +
                            lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin,
                            lp.width);
                }

                final int childHeightMeasureSpec;
                //同上的高度处理
                if (lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    final int height = Math.max(0, getMeasuredHeight()
                            - getPaddingTopWithForeground() - getPaddingBottomWithForeground()
                            - lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin);
                    childHeightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(
                            height, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
                } else {
                    childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(heightMeasureSpec,
                            getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground() +
                            lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin,
                            lp.height);
                }

                child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
            }
        }
    }

以上是FrameLayout的测量过程,从最底层的View一层一层的测量上来,找到view中宽高最大的值,已确定自己的值,最后通过setMeasuredDimension确定自己的宽高,而当父控件是warp_content模式,而子view是Match_parent模式,那么这个时候需要重新确定子view的宽高规格。

下面我们看下保存测量宽高的方法setMeasuredDimension,这个方法接收的是resolveSizeAndState的值,

resolveSizeAndState#View.java

    public static int resolveSizeAndState(int size, int measureSpec, int childMeasuredState) {
        final int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        final int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
        final int result;
        switch (specMode) {
            case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
                if (specSize < size) {
                    result = specSize | MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL;
                } else {
                    result = size;
                }
                break;
            case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                result = specSize;
                break;
            case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            default:
                result = size;
        }
        return result | (childMeasuredState & MEASURED_STATE_MASK);
    }

该方法的实现思路是,当测量模式为EXACTLY的时候,直接返回specSize 的值,如果模式是AT_MOST则返回specSize和宽高规格的自小值。

总结:自此我们查看了一下view的测量的大致流程:首先根据window的大小和decorView的模式生成根view的测量规格(size+LayoutParams),然后用这个宽高规格逐层测量view的宽度,最后根据子View的宽高自己的layoutParams确定自己的宽高,为以后的layout的draw做准备.

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