初学GDB(2)

以The C Programming Language中1.9节的程序为例，试用了以下命令：
1.backtrace，简写bt，查看函数调用的顺序（函数调用栈的信息）；
2.frame N，切换到栈编号为N的上下文中；
3.info frame，简写info f，查看当前函数调用的栈帧信息 ；
4.info locals，查看当前局部变量的值；
5.info args，查看当前函数参数的值；
6.set pagination off，关闭分页显示；
7.l 1,50，显示程序的第1-50行；

注意main()中调用getlines的时候实参是line和MAXLINE，getlines的形参是s和lim，在16行的断点处查看line的地址，为0xbfffe7bc，在第29行的断点处发现s=0xbfffe7bc，两者一致，说明了把数组名作为参数时，传递给函数的是数组起始元素的地址，所以getlines中对s进行修改也就是对main中的line进行修改，而无需特地返回一个修改后的数组。MAXLINE是宏，暂时无法直接查看，似乎在用gcc时要设置其他参数才可。

记录如下：

xxx@xxx-VirtualBox:~/test$ gdb 1-9 -q
Reading symbols from 1-9...done.
(gdb) set pagination off
(gdb) l 1,50
1	#include <stdio.h>
2	
3	#define MAXLINE 1000
4	
5	int getlines(char line[], int maxline);
6	void copy(char to[], char from[]);
7	
8	int main()
9	{
10		int len;
11		int max;
12		char line[MAXLINE];
13		char longest[MAXLINE];
14	
15		max = 0;
16		while ((len = getlines(line, MAXLINE)) > 0)
17			if (len > max) {
18				max = len;
19				copy(longest, line);
20			}
21		if (max > 0)
22			printf("%s", longest);
23		return 0;
24	}
25	
26	int getlines(char s[], int lim)
27	{
28		int c, i;
29		for (i = 0; i < lim-1 && (c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++i)
30			s[i] = c;
31		if (c == '\n') {
32			s[i] = c;
33			++i;
34		}
35		s[i] = '\0';
36		return i;
37	}
38	
39	void copy(char to[], char from[])
40	{
41		int i;
42		i = 0;
43		while ((to[i] = from[i]) != '\0')
44			++i;
45	}
(gdb) b 16
Breakpoint 1 at 0x80484c4: file 1-9.c, line 16.
(gdb) b 29
Breakpoint 2 at 0x8048563: file 1-9.c, line 29.
(gdb) b 43
Breakpoint 3 at 0x80485d0: file 1-9.c, line 43.
(gdb) r
Starting program: /home/ant/test/1-9 

Breakpoint 1, main () at 1-9.c:16
16		while ((len = getlines(line, MAXLINE)) > 0)
(gdb) p &line
$1 = (char (*)[1000]) 0xbfffe7bc
(gdb) info f
Stack level 0, frame at 0xbfffefb0:
 eip = 0x80484c4 in main (1-9.c:16); saved eip = 0xb7e1e637
 source language c.
 Arglist at 0xbfffef98, args: 
 Locals at 0xbfffef98, Previous frame's sp is 0xbfffefb0
 Saved registers:
  ebp at 0xbfffef98, eip at 0xbfffefac
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 2, getlines (s=0xbfffe7bc "", lim=1000) at 1-9.c:29
29		for (i = 0; i < lim-1 && (c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++i)
(gdb) bt
#0  getlines (s=0xbfffe7bc "", lim=1000) at 1-9.c:29
#1  0x0804850d in main () at 1-9.c:16
(gdb) frame 0
#0  getlines (s=0xbfffe7bc "", lim=1000) at 1-9.c:29
29		for (i = 0; i < lim-1 && (c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++i)
(gdb) info locals
c = 0
i = 0
(gdb) frame 1
#1  0x0804850d in main () at 1-9.c:16
16		while ((len = getlines(line, MAXLINE)) > 0)
(gdb) info locals
len = 0
max = 0
line = '\000' <repeats 65 times>, "\360\377\267\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\251\071\377\267\000\220\373\267\000\220\373\267\260Q\375\267(\352\377\277\270\022\376\267\000\220\373\267\034*\000\000\003\000\000\000\062\000\000\000\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000,\001\000\000A\a\376\267\000\000\000\000\000\000\033\000\\\361\032\000\\\361\032\000\000\000\000\000\005\000\000\000\000\000\033\000\000\060\033\000\324.\033\000\034Z\033\000\000\360\032\000\003", '\000' <repeats 31 times>...
longest = "P\345td\214P\026\000\214P\026\000\214P\026\000\234a\000\000\234a\000\000\004\000\000\000\004\000\000\000Q\345td", '\000' <repeats 20 times>, "\006\000\000\000\020\000\000\000R\345tdi2\376\267h\356\377\277\260}\373\267͒ᷘ\356\377\277\222\177\376\267", '\000' <repeats 12 times>, "\003\000\000\000GNU\000\335Q\222\247\000\000\000\000\004\243\376\267h\356\377\277\000\000\000\000u\272\375\267`?\376\267\345\222\341\267\067\266\375\267\000\000\000\000X\370\377\267\000\000\000\000d\356\377\277`\356\377\277\020ii\r\000\002\000\000d\356\377\277\071>\376\267\244\201\340\267\016\002\000\000\260Q\375\267\307\016\340==F\376"...
(gdb) frame 0
#0  getlines (s=0xbfffe7bc "", lim=1000) at 1-9.c:29
29		for (i = 0; i < lim-1 && (c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++i)
(gdb) c
Continuing.
ab

Breakpoint 3, copy (to=0xbfffeba4 "P\345td\214P\026", from=0xbfffe7bc "ab\n") at 1-9.c:43
43		while ((to[i] = from[i]) != '\0')
(gdb) bt
#0  copy (to=0xbfffeba4 "P\345td\214P\026", from=0xbfffe7bc "ab\n") at 1-9.c:43
#1  0x080484f6 in main () at 1-9.c:19
(gdb) info locals
i = 0
(gdb) n
44			++i;
(gdb) n
43		while ((to[i] = from[i]) != '\0')
(gdb) p to
$2 = 0xbfffeba4 "a\345td\214P\026"
(gdb) c
Continuing.

Breakpoint 2, getlines (s=0xbfffe7bc "ab\n", lim=1000) at 1-9.c:29
29		for (i = 0; i < lim-1 && (c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n'; ++i)
(gdb) Quit