在Android中,常见的XML解析器分别为DOM解析器、SAX解析器和PULL解析器,下面:
一、DOM解析器
DOM是基于树形结构的节点或信息片段的集合,允许开发人员使用DOM API遍历XML树,检索所需数据,分析该结构通常需要加载整个文档和构造树形结构,然后才可以检索和更新节点信息。
由于DOM在内存中以树形结构存放,因此检索和更新效率会更高。但是对于特别大的文档,解析和加载整个文档将会很耗资源。
package dao;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import android.sax.RootElement;
import pojo.Student;
//XML的读取(第三方包:dom4j)
public class DomDao {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public List<Student> getAll(InputStream io){
List<Student> students=new ArrayList<Student>();
try {
//读取xml文档
SAXReader reader=new SAXReader();
Document document=reader.read(io);
Element root=document.getRootElement();
List<Element> studentsElements = root.elements("student");
for (Element stu:studentsElements) {
Student student=new Student();
student.setId(stu.elementText("id"));
student.setName(stu.elementText("name"));
student.setAge(stu.elementText("age"));
students.add(student);
}
} catch (DocumentException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return students;
}
}
二、SAX解析器
SAX(Simple APIfor XML)解析器是一种基于事件的解析器,它的核心是事件处理模式,主要是围绕着事件源以及事件处理器来工作的。当事件源产生事件后,调用事件处理器相应的处理方法,一个事件就可以得到处理。在事件源调用事件处理器中特定方法的时候,还要传递给事件处理器相应事件的状态信息,这样事件处理器才能够根据提供的事件信息来决定自己的行为。
SAX解析器的优点是解析速度快,占用内存少。非常适合在Android移动设备中使用。
package dao;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import pojo.Student;
public class SAXdao {
public List<Student> getAll(InputStream io){
List<Student> students = new ArrayList<Student>();
//SAX解析工厂
SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
MyHandler handler = new MyHandler();
try {
//SAX解析器
SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();
parser.parse(io,handler);
students=handler.getStudents();
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return students;
}
}
package dao;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
import android.util.Log;
import pojo.Student;
public class MyHandler extends DefaultHandler{
//声明对象
private List<Student> students;
private StringBuffer sb;
private Student student;
@Override
public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
// 开始读取文档,只读取一次
Log.e("startDocument", "startDocument开始读取文档,只读取一次");
sb= new StringBuffer();
students= new ArrayList<Student>();
super.startDocument();
}
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
// 开始读取标签,每要读取一个节点下的属性时都会先执行该方法
Log.e("startElement", "startElement开始解析节点,每要读取一个节点下的属性时都会先执行该方法"+localName);
if (localName.equals("student")) {
student = new Student();
}
super.startElement(uri, localName, qName, attributes);
}
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Log.e("characters", "characters保存节点内容");
sb.append(ch, start, length);
super.characters(ch, start, length);
}
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
// 结束解析当前的节点,每次解析完一个element都会执行当前的方法
Log.e("endElement", "endElement结束解析当前的节点");
if (student!=null) {
if (localName.equals("id")) {
student.setId(sb.toString());
}else if (localName.equals("name")) {
student.setName(sb.toString());
}else if (localName.equals("age")) {
student.setAge(sb.toString());
}else if (localName.equals("student")) {
students.add(student);
student=null;
}
}
super.endElement(uri, localName, qName);
}
@Override
public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
// 结束解析当前文档
Log.e("endDocument", "endDocument只执行一次");
super.endDocument();
}
public List<Student> getStudents(){
return students;
}
}
三、PULL解析器
PULL解析器的运行方式和SAX类似,都是基于事件的模式。不同的是,在PULL解析过程中,我们需要自己获取产生的事件然后做相应的操作,而不像SAX那样由处理器触发一种事件的方法,执行我们的代码。PULL解析器小巧轻便,解析速度快,简单易用,非常适合在Android移动设备中使用,Android系统内部在解析各种XML时也是用PULL解析器。
与SAX解析器一样,优点是解析速度快,占用内存少。非常适合在Android移动设备中使用。比较推荐使用。
package dao;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.xml.sax.Parser;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
import android.util.Xml;
import pojo.Student;
public class PULLDao {
public List<Student> getAll(InputStream io){
List<Student> students=null;
Student student=null;
XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
try {
parser.setInput(io,"UTF-8");
int eventType = parser.getEventType();
while (eventType!=parser.END_DOCUMENT) {
switch (eventType) {
case XmlPullParser.START_DOCUMENT:
students = new ArrayList<Student>();
break;
case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
if (parser.getName().equals("student")) {
student = new Student();
}else if (parser.getName().equals("id")) {
eventType = parser.next();
student.setId(parser.getText());
}else if (parser.getName().equals("name")) {
eventType = parser.next();
student.setName(parser.getText());
}else if (parser.getName().equals("age")) {
eventType = parser.next();
student.setAge(parser.getText());
}
break;
case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:
if (parser.getName().equals("student")) {
students.add(student);
student=null;
}
break;
}
eventType = parser.next();
}
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return students;
}
}
实体类(pojo):
package pojo;
public class Student {
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
private String id;
private String name;
private String age;
}
mainActivity类:
package com.example.stuxml;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.List;
import pojo.Student;
import dao.DomDao;
import dao.PULLDao;
import dao.SAXdao;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private Button button;
private TextView text;
private Button sax;
private Button pull;
private DomDao domdao;
private SAXdao saXdao;
private InputStream input;
private PULLDao pullDao;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
button=(Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
text=(TextView) findViewById(R.id.showTextView);
sax=(Button) findViewById(R.id.sax);
pull=(Button) findViewById(R.id.pullB);
domdao=new DomDao();
saXdao=new SAXdao();
pullDao=new PULLDao();
try {
//读取assets中的student.xml
input=this.getAssets().open("student.xml");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
List<Student> students = domdao.getAll(input);//调用DomDao中的getAll方法
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Student stus:students){
sb.append(stus.getId()+":"+stus.getName()+" "+stus.getAge()+"\r\n");//读取student节点下的属性
}
text.setText(sb.toString());//显示XML文档的信息
}
});
sax.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
// 获取XML文件
List<Student> students=saXdao.getAll(input);
StringBuffer sb=new StringBuffer();
for (Student student : students) {
sb.append(student.getId()+":"+student.getName()+" "+student.getAge()+"\r\n");
}
text.setText(sb.toString());
}
});
pull.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View arg0) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
List<Student> students = pullDao.getAll(input);
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Student stud : students) {
sb.append(stud.getId()+""+stud.getName()+""+stud.getAge()+"\r\n");
}
text.setText(sb.toString());
}
});
}
}
xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<students>
<student>
<id>001</id>
<name>周星驰</name>
<age>50</age>
</student>
<student>
<id>002</id>
<name>刘德华</name>
<age>60</age>
</student>
<student>
<id>003</id>
<name>黄家驹</name>
<age>20</age>
</student>
</students>