在Servlet里,获取客户端的IP地址的方法是:request.getRemoteAddr(),这种方法在大部分情况下都是有效的。但是在通过了Apache,Squid,Nginx等反向代理软件就不能获取到客户端的真实IP地址了。
如果使用了反向代理软件,例如将http://192.168.101.88:80/ 的URL反向代理为http://pay.kedou.com/ 的URL时,用request.getRemoteAddr()方法获取的IP地址是:127.0.0.1 或192.168.101.88,而并不是客户端的真实IP。
如下图,原来是client端直接请求服务端,走A路线请求,这时候通过request.getRemoteAddr()方法可以准备的获取客户端的IP。但是做了代理之后呢,client端不是直接请求服务端,而是走B线路请求代理服务器,由代理器去请求服务端,这时候服务端通过request.getRemoteAddr()方法拿到的理所当然是代理服务器的地址了。
经过代理以后,由于在客户端和服务之间增加了中间层,因此服务器无法直接拿到客户端的IP,服务器端应用也无法直接通过转发请求的地址返回给客户端。但是在转发请求的HTTP头信息中,增加了X-FORWARDED-FOR信息。用以跟踪原有的客户端IP地址和原来客户端请求的服务器地址。当我们访问http://www.xxx.com/index.jsp/ 时,其实并不是我们浏览器真正访问到了服务器上的index.jsp文件,而是先由代理服务器去访问http://192.168.1.110:2046/index.jsp ,代理服务器再将访问到的结果返回给我们的浏览器,因为是代理服务器去访问index.jsp的,所以index.jsp中通过request.getRemoteAddr()的方法获取的IP实际上是代理服务器的地址,并不是客户端的IP地址。
下面的获取真实IP的Java类:
/** * 常用获取客户端信息的工具 * */ public final class NetworkUtil { /** * Logger for this class */ private final static Logger logger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(SysAccountController.class); /** * 获取请求主机IP地址,如果通过代理进来,则透过防火墙获取真实IP地址; * * @param request * @return * @throws IOException */ public final static String getIpAddress(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException { // 获取请求主机IP地址,如果通过代理进来,则透过防火墙获取真实IP地址 String ip = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For"); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("getIpAddress(HttpServletRequest) - X-Forwarded-For - String ip=" + ip); } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP"); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("getIpAddress(HttpServletRequest) - Proxy-Client-IP - String ip=" + ip); } } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("getIpAddress(HttpServletRequest) - WL-Proxy-Client-IP - String ip=" + ip); } } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP"); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("getIpAddress(HttpServletRequest) - HTTP_CLIENT_IP - String ip=" + ip); } } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("getIpAddress(HttpServletRequest) - HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR - String ip=" + ip); } } if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) { ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) { logger.info("getIpAddress(HttpServletRequest) - getRemoteAddr - String ip=" + ip); } // 以下是后期添加的 要是不想在数据库看到 0:0:0.....或者 127.0.0.1的 数字串可用下边方法 亲测
if(ip.equals("127.0.0.1") || ip.equals("0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1")){ //根据网卡取本机配置的IP InetAddress inet=null; try { inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } ip= inet.getHostAddress(); } }
} else if (ip.length() > 15) { String[] ips = ip.split(","); for (int index = 0; index < ips.length; index++) { String strIp = (String) ips[index]; if (!("unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(strIp))) { ip = strIp; break; } } } return ip; } }
调用
public static String getIp(){
try {
HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) (RequestContextHolder.currentRequestAttributes())).getRequest();
return NetworkUtil.getIpAddress(request);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "";
}
}