Load Balancer

Implement a load balancer for web servers. It provide the following functionality:

1. Add a new server to the cluster => add(server_id).
2. Remove a bad server from the cluster => remove(server_id).
3. Pick a server in the cluster randomly with equal probability => pick().

At beginning, the cluster is empty. When pick() is called you need to randomly return a server_id in the cluster.

Example

Example 1:

Input:
  add(1)
  add(2)
  add(3)
  pick()
  pick()
  pick()
  pick()
  remove(1)
  pick()
  pick()
  pick()
Output:
  1
  2
  1
  3
  2
  3
  3
Explanation: The return value of pick() is random, it can be either 2 3 3 1 3 2 2 or other.

思路：跟 Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) 类似，server_id都是unique的，所以用list和hashmap就可以解决，delete的操作就是把最后一个元素给index的元素，注意要特殊判断一下index就是最后一个元素的情况；一定要考虑remove就是最后一个元素的情况，然后考虑remove是中间的情况；

public class LoadBalancer {
    private List<Integer> list;
    private HashMap<Integer, Integer> serverToIndex;
    
    public LoadBalancer() {
                                // serverId, Index;
        serverToIndex = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
        list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
    }

    /*
     * @param server_id: add a new server to the cluster
     * @return: nothing
     */
    public void add(int server_id) {
        list.add(server_id);
        int index = list.size() - 1;
        serverToIndex.put(server_id, index);
    }

    /*
     * @param server_id: server_id remove a bad server from the cluster
     * @return: nothing
     */
    public void remove(int server_id) {
        int lastIndex = list.size() - 1;
        int lastServerId = list.get(lastIndex);
        int badIndex = serverToIndex.get(server_id);
        
        // 一定要考虑remove的就是最后一个的情况；
        if(badIndex == lastIndex) { 
            list.remove(lastIndex);
            serverToIndex.remove(server_id);
        } else { 
            // 然后考虑remove是中间的情况；
            list.set(badIndex, lastServerId);
            serverToIndex.put(lastServerId, badIndex);
            list.remove(lastIndex);
            serverToIndex.remove(server_id);
        }
    }

    /*
     * @return: pick a server in the cluster randomly with equal probability
     */
    public int pick() {
        int n = list.size();
        Random random = new Random();
        int randomIndex = random.nextInt(n);
        return list.get(randomIndex);
    }
}