- 操作系统版本
ubuntu 1604 (amd64/arm64)
- apt 默认配置目录
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d
- apt基本用法:
apt [-h] [-o=config_string] [-c=config_file] [-t=target_release] [-a=architecture] {list | search | show | update | install pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]... | remove pkg... | upgrade | full-upgrade | edit-sources | {-v | --version} | {-h | --help}}
apt常用参数:
-o:表示配置一个键值对,后面跟一个键值对表示设置一个键的值
-y:表示对所有交互请求回应yes
–allow-unauthenticated:表示允许安装不能通过keyring验证的软件包(安装自定义软件包时常用)一个常用的deb包及其安装依赖下载脚本(指定下载某个软件包,然后可以自动下载其所有安装依赖,在离线环境中或者自己搞本地源很好用):
#!/bin/bash
# 本脚本用以从指定软件源`archive.ubuntu.net`下载指定的deb软件包及其安装依赖
TYPE=deb
LIST=sources.list.$TYPE.local
ARCH=$(dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_ARCH)
APTDIR=apt-$ARCH
PACKAGES=$*
APT_GET="apt-get --assume-yes \
-o Dir::Etc::sourcelist=`pwd`/$LIST \
-o Dir::Etc::sourceparts=/dev/null \
-o Dir::Etc::Preferences=`pwd`/preferences.$TYPE.local \
-o Dir::State=`pwd`/$APTDIR/state \
-o Debug::NoLocking=false \
-o Debug::pkgDepCache::AutoInstall=true \
-o Dir::Cache=`pwd`/$APTDIR/cache \
-o Acquire::Retries=3 \
-o APT::Install-Recommends=false
-o Apt::Architecture=${ARCH}"
cat > preferences.$TYPE.local <<EOF
# for example
Package: *
Pin: origin "archive.ubuntu.net"
Pin-Priority: 500
Package: *
Pin: origin "ppa.launchpad.net"
Pin-Priority: 1200
EOF
cat > sources.list.$TYPE.local <<EOF
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/xxx xenial main
EOF
mkdir -p $APTDIR/state/lists/partial
mkdir -p $APTDIR/state/mirrors/partial
mkdir -p $APTDIR/cache/archives/partial
echo -n > $APTDIR/state/status
APT_GET="$APT_GET -o Dir::State::Status=`pwd`/$APTDIR/state/status"
APT_GET="$APT_GET --allow-unauthenticated"
$APT_GET update || echo "Ignoring update failure in offline mode"
echo Need to download: $PACKAGES
if [ -n "$PACKAGES" ]; then
$APT_GET -dy install $PACKAGES
fi