Java类加载器--Tomcat ClassLoader类加载器和WebappClassLoader类加载器

本文Tomcat版本基于apache-tomcat-8.5.12.看一下Tomcat的源码Bootstrap类的initClassLoader方法,代码如下:

private void initClassLoaders() {
    try {
        // 创建commonLoader
        // 这里父加载器传递null,但是内部会使用默认的类加载器AppClassLoader作为父加载器.
        commonLoader = createClassLoader("common", null);
        if( commonLoader == null ) {
            // no config file, default to this loader - we might be in a 'single' env.
            commonLoader=this.getClass().getClassLoader();
        }

        // 创建catalinaLoader,父加载器为commonLoader
        catalinaLoader = createClassLoader("server", commonLoader);

        // 创建sharedLoader,父类加载器为commonLoader
        sharedLoader = createClassLoader("shared", commonLoader);
    } catch (Throwable t) {
        handleThrowable(t);
        log.error("Class loader creation threw exception", t);
        System.exit(1);
    }
}

通过initClassLoaders方法可以得知上面三个加载器关系.下面具体看一下createClassLoader是如何构造类加载器的.代码如下:

private ClassLoader createClassLoader(String name, ClassLoader parent)
        throws Exception {

    // 获取catalina.properties文件中配置项分别为:common.loader/server.loader/shared.loader
    // 用来设置对应类加载器扫描类的路径.默认内容如下:
    String value = CatalinaProperties.getProperty(name + ".loader");
    if ((value == null) || (value.equals("")))
        return parent;

    // 依据common.loader/server.loader/shared.loader的配置装饰类加载器所需的扫描路径.
    value = replace(value);

    List<Repository> repositories = new ArrayList<>();

    String[] repositoryPaths = getPaths(value);

    for (String repository : repositoryPaths) {
        // Check for a JAR URL repository
        try {
            @SuppressWarnings("unused")
            URL url = new URL(repository);
            repositories.add(
                    new Repository(repository, RepositoryType.URL));
            continue;
        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            // Ignore
        }

        // Local repository
        if (repository.endsWith("*.jar")) {
            repository = repository.substring
                (0, repository.length() - "*.jar".length());
            repositories.add(
                    new Repository(repository, RepositoryType.GLOB));
        } else if (repository.endsWith(".jar")) {
            repositories.add(
                    new Repository(repository, RepositoryType.JAR));
        } else {
            repositories.add(
                    new Repository(repository, RepositoryType.DIR));
        }
    }

    return ClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader(repositories, parent);
}

common.loader="${catalina.base}/lib","${catalina.base}/lib/*.jar","${catalina.home}/lib","${catalina.home}/lib/*.jar"
server.loader=
shared.loader=

所以依据上面的代码可知,commonLoader/serverLoader/sharedLoader是同一个ClassLoader.

具体创建类加载器的是ClassLoaderFactory.createClassLoader(repositories, parent);,具体代码如下:

public static ClassLoader createClassLoader(List<Repository> repositories,
                                                final ClassLoader parent)
        throws Exception {

        if (log.isDebugEnabled())
            log.debug("Creating new class loader");

        // Construct the "class path" for this class loader
        Set<URL> set = new LinkedHashSet<>();

        if (repositories != null) {
            for (Repository repository : repositories)  {
                if (repository.getType() == RepositoryType.URL) {
                    URL url = buildClassLoaderUrl(repository.getLocation());
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                        log.debug("  Including URL " + url);
                    set.add(url);
                } else if (repository.getType() == RepositoryType.DIR) {
                    File directory = new File(repository.getLocation());
                    directory = directory.getCanonicalFile();
                    if (!validateFile(directory, RepositoryType.DIR)) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    URL url = buildClassLoaderUrl(directory);
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                        log.debug("  Including directory " + url);
                    set.add(url);
                } else if (repository.getType() == RepositoryType.JAR) {
                    File file=new File(repository.getLocation());
                    file = file.getCanonicalFile();
                    if (!validateFile(file, RepositoryType.JAR)) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    URL url = buildClassLoaderUrl(file);
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                        log.debug("  Including jar file " + url);
                    set.add(url);
                } else if (repository.getType() == RepositoryType.GLOB) {
                    File directory=new File(repository.getLocation());
                    directory = directory.getCanonicalFile();
                    if (!validateFile(directory, RepositoryType.GLOB)) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled())
                        log.debug("  Including directory glob "
                            + directory.getAbsolutePath());
                    String filenames[] = directory.list();