一文读懂Ingress-Nginx以及实践攻略

StevenZeng学堂

于 2024-09-27 11:20:30 发布

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一文读懂Ingress-Nginx以及实践攻略

❤️ 摘要: Ingress-Nginx 是 Kubernetes 中用于管理 HTTP 和 HTTPS 流量的强大工具。通过配置 Ingress 资源，用户可以灵活地路由流量到后端服务，增强了集群的可访问性和可扩展性。本文将深入探讨 Ingress-Nginx 的工作原理、基本配置及最佳实践，并通过实际案例来验证其功能。

1 概念

1.1 什么是Ingress？

Ingress是Kubernetes的一种 API 对象，用于管理集群内服务的外部访问。Ingress 可以提供从集群外部到集群内Service的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 路由，并可以基于域名、路径等规则将请求转发到集群内的Service上。

下面是 Ingress 的一个简单示例，可将外部的流量导流到K8S集群的同一 Service，再由Service将流量发送到后端的Pod：

1.1.1 主要功能：

HTTP/HTTPS 路由: Ingress 允许外部 HTTP 和 HTTPS 请求根据预定义的路由规则访问集群内部的服务。路由规则可以基于主机名、URL 路径等进行配置。
反向代理: Ingress 控制器通常会充当反向代理，将外部请求路由到集群内部的服务。Ingress 不会公开任意端口或协议，通常使用Service.Type=NodePort或Service.Type=LoadBalancer类型的服务。
域名支持: 通过 Ingress，可以为集群中的服务配置域名，从而提供更友好的访问方式。例如，可以将 foo.example.com 指向集群内的 foo-service 服务。
负载均衡: Ingress 控制器可以将流量分配给多个服务实例，实现负载均衡，从而提高服务的可用性和性能。在云环境中，Ingress 通常会与云提供商的负载均衡器集成，以确保流量能够从外部访问集群。
TLS/SSL 支持: Ingress 支持 HTTPS 协议，允许为服务配置 TLS 证书，以确保传输的安全性。TLS 证书可以使用 Kubernetes 的 Secret 对象进行管理。
虚拟主机: Ingress 可以配置虚拟主机，使得多个服务可以通过不同的域名或子域名进行访问。

1.2 Ingress的组件

Ingress 控制器: 为了使 Ingress 资源正常工作，集群必须运行一个 Ingress 控制器。类似Kubernetes集群的kube-apiserver服务，负责管理和执行 Ingress 资源定义的路由规则。常见的 Ingress 控制器包括 NGINX Ingress Controller、Traefik、HAProxy 等，还有公有云厂商的Ingress 控制器包括Azure的AKS Application Gateway、阿里云的Alibaba Cloud MSE Ingress。
Ingress 对象: 用户自定义的 Kubernetes 对象，描述了外部流量访问集群内Service的规则集。

1.3 什么是ingress-nginx

Ingress nginx是 Kubernetes 中最常用的 Ingress 控制器之一，由 NGINX 官方提供支持（备注：nginx和k8s官方各自维护了一套 nginx ingress controller）。

NGINX Ingress Controller 是 NGINX 和 NGINX Plus 的Ingress Controller实现，可以对Websocket、gRPC、TCP 和 UDP 应用程序进行负载平衡。它支持标准Ingress功能，例如基于内容的路由和 TLS/SSL 终止。

1.4 ingress-nginx优点和限制

优点	限制
经过市场广泛使用，社区支持活跃。	需要对 NGINX 配置有一定的理解，以便充分利用其功能。
与 NGINX 的成熟生态系统兼容，提供稳定和高性能的 HTTP/HTTPS 处理。	在非常复杂的路由场景中，配置可能变得繁琐。
丰富的配置选项和灵活的路由机制。

1.5 版本兼容性矩阵

ingress-nginx 项目支持的版本意味着官方已经完成了 E2E 测试，并且它们正在通过列出的版本。 Ingress-Nginx 版本可能适用于旧版本，但该项目不做出这种保证。

支持	Ingress-NGINX版本	k8s支持版本	Alpine 版本	Nginx版本	Helm Chart 版本
🔄	v1.11.2	1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26	3.20.0	1.25.5	4.11.2
🔄	v1.11.1	1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26	3.20.0	1.25.5	4.11.1
🔄	v1.11.0	1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26	3.20.0	1.25.5	4.11.0
🔄	v1.10.4	1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26	3.20.0	1.25.5	4.10.4
🔄	v1.10.3	1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26	3.20.0	1.25.5	4.10.3
🔄	v1.10.2	1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26	3.20.0	1.25.5	4.10.2
🔄	v1.10.1	1.30, 1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26	3.19.1	1.25.3	4.10.1
🔄	v1.10.0	1.29, 1.28, 1.27, 1.26	3.19.1	1.25.3	4.10.0

2 实践： Ingress nginx部署

本文k8s环境是v1.29.7, ingress-nginx是v1.11.1

⚠️ 注意：提前将ingress-nginx的镜像下载并上传到私有仓库

[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# grep -n -r image: ingress-nginx.yaml
447:        image:  registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v1.11.1 @sha256:e6439a12b52076965928e83b7b56aae6731231677b01e81818bce7fa5c60161a
548:        image:  registry.k8s.io/ingress-nginx/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.1 @sha256:36d05b4077fb8e3d13663702fa337f124675ba8667cbd949c03a8e8ea6fa4366

2.1 使用helm部署ingress-nginx

官方推荐helm方式部署，如果环境没有helm需要先下载： helm下载地址

2.1.1 安装和配置Helm

安装helm

tar -zxvf helm-v3.15.3-linux-amd64.tar.gz --strip-components 1 -C /usr/local/bin linux-amd64/helm

添加ingress-nginx的repo

helm repo add ingress-nginx https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx

更新repo信息

helm repo update

搜索ingress-nginx的Chart

[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# helm search repo ingress-nginx --version 4.11.1
NAME                            CHART VERSION   APP VERSION     DESCRIPTION                      
ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx     4.11.1          1.11.1          Ingress controller for Kubernetes using NGINX a...

❔ 说明： --version 4.11.1：指定Chart版本搜索

下载ingress-nginx的Chart

mkdir helm && cd helm
helm pull ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx --version 4.11.1

解压Charts

# 解压Chart
tar zxvf ingress-nginx-4.11.1.tgz

# 进入Chart目录
cd ingress-nginx

2.1.2 配置和创建Ingress-Nginx

调整Values.yaml的参数

镜像仓库和镜像

  21   image:
  22     ## Keep false as default for now!
  23     chroot: false
  24     #注释原仓库地址
  25     #registry: registry.k8s.io
  26     #替换成阿里云仓库地址
  27     registry: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
  28     image: ingress-nginx-steven/controller
  32     tag: "v1.11.1"
  33     # 注释sha256校验码
  34     #digest: sha256:e6439a12b52076965928e83b7b56aae6731231677b01e81818bce7fa5c60161a

 ---
 805       image:
 806         # 注释原仓库地址
 807         #registry: registry.k8s.io
 808         registry: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com
 809         image: ingress-nginx-steven/kube-webhook-certgen
 813         tag: v1.4.1
 814         # 注释sha256校验码
 815         #digest: sha256:36d05b4077fb8e3d13663702fa337f124675ba8667cbd949c03a8e8ea6fa4366

使用本地网络和dns

# 启用主机网络 
103   hostNetwork: true
 ...
# 启用主机dns服务
78   dnsPolicy: ClusterFirstWithHostNet

修改Ingress模式和指定port

 # 默认是LoadBalancer
 484     #type: LoadBalancer
 485     type: NodePort
 ...
 540     appProtocol: true
 541     nodePorts:
 542       # -- Node port allocated for the external HTTP listener. If left empty, the service co     ntroller allocates one from the configured node port range.
 543       http: "30080"
 544       # -- Node port allocated for the external HTTPS listener. If left empty, the service c     ontroller allocates one from the configured node port range.
 545       https: "30443"

创建前，执行以下命令检查配置是否修改成功：

helm install ingress-nginx . --dry-run=client --namespace=ingress-nginx

创建ingress-nignx

helm install ingress-nginx . --namespace=ingress-nginx --create-namespace

查看是否创建成功

[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# helm list --namespace ingress-nginx
NAME            NAMESPACE       REVISION        UPDATED                                 STATUS  CHART                    APP VERSION
ingress-nginx   ingress-nginx   1               2024-08-27 21:44:34.137344711 +0800 CST deployedingress-nginx-4.11.1     1.11.1

卸载ingress-nginx

[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# helm uninstall ingress-nginx -n ingress-nginx
release "ingress-nginx" uninstalled

2.2 使用yaml文件部署ingress-nginx

1) 参考官方yaml文件

2) 也可以参考以下配置

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  name: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
automountServiceAccountToken: true
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
automountServiceAccountToken: true
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  - pods
  - secrets
  - endpoints
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - services
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses/status
  verbs:
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingressclasses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resourceNames:
  - ingress-nginx-leader
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - get
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - create
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - events
  verbs:
  - create
  - patch
- apiGroups:
  - discovery.k8s.io
  resources:
  - endpointslices
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
  - get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: Role
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - secrets
  verbs:
  - get
  - create
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - configmaps
  - endpoints
  - nodes
  - pods
  - secrets
  - namespaces
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - coordination.k8s.io
  resources:
  - leases
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - services
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - events
  verbs:
  - create
  - patch
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingresses/status
  verbs:
  - update
- apiGroups:
  - networking.k8s.io
  resources:
  - ingressclasses
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
- apiGroups:
  - discovery.k8s.io
  resources:
  - endpointslices
  verbs:
  - list
  - watch
  - get
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - admissionregistration.k8s.io
  resources:
  - validatingwebhookconfigurations
  verbs:
  - get
  - update
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
data:
  allow-snippet-annotations: "false"
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  externalTrafficPolicy: Local
  ipFamilies:
  - IPv4
  ipFamilyPolicy: SingleStack
  ports:
  - appProtocol: http
    name: http
    port: 80
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: http
  - appProtocol: https
    name: https
    port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: https
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  type: LoadBalancer
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  ports:
  - appProtocol: https
    name: https-webhook
    port: 443
    targetPort: webhook
  selector:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  type: ClusterIP
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-controller
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  minReadySeconds: 0
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
      app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
      app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 1
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - /nginx-ingress-controller
        - --publish-service=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
        - --election-id=ingress-nginx-leader
        - --controller-class=k8s.io/ingress-nginx
        - --ingress-class=nginx
        - --configmap=$(POD_NAMESPACE)/ingress-nginx-controller
        - --validating-webhook=:8443
        - --validating-webhook-certificate=/usr/local/certificates/cert
        - --validating-webhook-key=/usr/local/certificates/key
        - --enable-metrics=false
        env:
        - name: POD_NAME
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.name
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        - name: LD_PRELOAD
          value: /usr/local/lib/libmimalloc.so
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ingress-nginx-steven/controller:v1.11.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        lifecycle:
          preStop:
            exec:
              command:
              - /wait-shutdown
        livenessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 5
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 10254
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          periodSeconds: 10
          successThreshold: 1
          timeoutSeconds: 1
        name: controller
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: http
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 443
          name: https
          protocol: TCP
        - containerPort: 8443
          name: webhook
          protocol: TCP
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /healthz
            port: 10254
            scheme: HTTP
          initialDelaySeconds: 10
          periodSeconds: 10
          successThreshold: 1
          timeoutSeconds: 1
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 90Mi
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_BIND_SERVICE
            drop:
            - ALL
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 101
          seccompProfile:
            type: RuntimeDefault
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /usr/local/certificates/
          name: webhook-cert
          readOnly: true
      dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      volumes:
      - name: webhook-cert
        secret:
          secretName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-create
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - create
        - --host=ingress-nginx-controller-admission,ingress-nginx-controller-admission.$(POD_NAMESPACE).svc
        - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
        - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
        env:
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ingress-nginx-steven/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: create
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            drop:
            - ALL
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 65532
          seccompProfile:
            type: RuntimeDefault
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
apiVersion: batch/v1
kind: Job
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
  namespace: ingress-nginx
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
        app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
        app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
      name: ingress-nginx-admission-patch
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - patch
        - --webhook-name=ingress-nginx-admission
        - --namespace=$(POD_NAMESPACE)
        - --patch-mutating=false
        - --secret-name=ingress-nginx-admission
        - --patch-failure-policy=Fail
        env:
        - name: POD_NAMESPACE
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: metadata.namespace
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/ingress-nginx-steven/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        name: patch
        securityContext:
          allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
          capabilities:
            drop:
            - ALL
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 65532
          seccompProfile:
            type: RuntimeDefault
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      restartPolicy: OnFailure
      serviceAccountName: ingress-nginx-admission
---
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: IngressClass
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: controller
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: nginx
spec:
  controller: k8s.io/ingress-nginx
---
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: admission-webhook
    app.kubernetes.io/instance: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/name: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: ingress-nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/version: 1.11.1
  name: ingress-nginx-admission
webhooks:
- admissionReviewVersions:
  - v1
  clientConfig:
    service:
      name: ingress-nginx-controller-admission
      namespace: ingress-nginx
      path: /networking/v1/ingresses
  failurePolicy: Fail
  matchPolicy: Equivalent
  name: validate.nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io
  rules:
  - apiGroups:
    - networking.k8s.io
    apiVersions:
    - v1
    operations:
    - CREATE
    - UPDATE
    resources:
    - ingresses
  sideEffects: None
 官方yaml文件

根据官方yaml，修改镜像地址：

[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# grep -n  image: ingress-nginx.yaml
448:        image:  harbor.zx/hcie/controller:v1.11.1 
549:        image:  harbor.zx/hcie/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.1 
602:        image:  harbor.zx/hcie/kube-webhook-certgen:v1.4.1

修改ingress的端口：

352   ports:
353   - appProtocol: http
354     name: http
355     port: 80
356     protocol: TCP
357     targetPort: http
358      nodePort: 30080 
359   - appProtocol: https
360     name: https
361     port: 443
362     protocol: TCP
363     targetPort: https
364      nodePort: 30443

修改ingress的代理方式：

369   #type: LoadBalancer  # 默认是负载均衡，如果是云环境建议使用默认参数
370   type: NodePort

部署ingress-nginx：

kubectl apply -f ingress-nginx.yaml

部署后输出结果：

namespace/ingress-nginx created
serviceaccount/ingress-nginx created
serviceaccount/ingress-nginx-admission created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
role.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created
configmap/ingress-nginx-controller created
service/ingress-nginx-controller created
service/ingress-nginx-controller-admission created
deployment.apps/ingress-nginx-controller created
job.batch/ingress-nginx-admission-create created
job.batch/ingress-nginx-admission-patch created
ingressclass.networking.k8s.io/nginx created
validatingwebhookconfiguration.admissionregistration.k8s.io/ingress-nginx-admission created

2.3 部署后查看ingress状态

部署后，执行以下命令：

kubectl get svc,pod -n ingress-nginx -owide

查看Pod和SVC的状态：

NAME                                         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE   SELECTOR
service/ingress-nginx-controller              NodePort     10.245.187.253   <none>         80:30080/TCP,443:30443/TCP    18m   app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx
service/ingress-nginx-controller-admission   ClusterIP   10.245.245.14    <none>        443/TCP                      18m   app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx

NAME                                            READY   STATUS      RESTARTS   AGE   IP              NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/ingress-nginx-admission-create-h6s42        0/1     Completed   0          18m   172.16.126.2    k8s-worker2   <none>           <none>
pod/ingress-nginx-admission-patch-79kv5         0/1     Completed   0          18m   172.16.126.3    k8s-worker2   <none>           <none>
pod/ingress-nginx-controller-746fcdfcdd-6gt4n   1/1     Running     0          18m   172.16.194.85    k8s-worker1    <none>           <none>

❔ 说明：

NodePort: Service的类型是在ingress-nginx.yaml中自定义。
80:30080/TCP, 443:30443/TCP: 这两个端口也是在ingress-nginx.yaml中自定义，后面访问使用这两个端口。
ingress-nginx-controller的Pod为ingress-nginx-controller-746fcdfcdd-6gt4n运行在k8s-worker1节点上。后续访问ingress代理的服务，都要用k8s-worker1节点的IP做DNS解析。

执行以下命令，查看IngressClass：

[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl get IngressClass
NAME    CONTROLLER             PARAMETERS   AGE
nginx   k8s.io/ingress-nginx   <none>       25m

❔ 说明:

Ingress类型：nginx是ingress-nginx默认创建的；
当创建Ingress对象时，需要指定ingressClass字段(.spec.ingressClassName)
可以对ingressClass添加ingressclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class 注解，这样 IngressClass 会被视为默认的 Ingress 类。当某个 IngressClass 资源将此注解设置为 true 时，没有指定类的新 Ingress 资源将被分配到此默认类。

2.4 创建实例测试 Ingress

2.4.1 部署ingress对象

最后，我们打算使用1个3副本的deployment组成nginx-service，然后创建一个ingress，用于代理nginx的服务。yaml配置如下：

# 部署3个nginx实例
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx-test
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/hcie/nginx:1.26.1-alpine
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
---
# 部署nginx的Service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: nginx-service
spec:
  selector:
    app: nginx-pod
  type: ClusterIP
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
---
# 创建ingress
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: ingress-http
spec:
  # 上面的IngressClass名称
  ingressClassName: "nginx"
  rules:
  # 域名，稍后要通过这个域名访问服务
  - host: nginx.steven.com
    http:
      paths:
      # 路径，访问域名时后面添加的路径
      - path: /
        pathType: Prefix
        backend:
          # 要代理的服务和服务的端口
          service:
            name: nginx-service
            port: 
              number: 80

部署deployment、service、ingress

kubectl apply -f ingress-test.yaml

执行以下命令，查看部署结果：

[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl get deployment,svc,ingress
NAME                         READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
deployment.apps/nginx-test   3/3     3            3           19s

NAME                    TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
service/nginx-service   ClusterIP   10.245.127.127   <none>        80/TCP    19s

NAME                                     CLASS   HOSTS            ADDRESS          PORTS   AGE
ingress.networking.k8s.io/ingress-http   nginx   nginx.test.com   10.245.187.253   80      19s

查看下ingress-http详细信息：

[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl describe ingress ingress-http
Name:             ingress-http
Labels:           <none>
Namespace:        default
Address:          10.245.187.253
Ingress Class:    nginx
Default backend:  <default>
Rules:
  Host            Path  Backends
  ----            ----  --------
  nginx.test.com
                  /   nginx-service:80 (<none>)
Annotations:      <none>
Events:
  Type    Reason  Age                    From                      Message
  ----    ------  ----                   ----                      -------
  Normal  Sync    2m49s (x2 over 2m56s)  nginx-ingress-controller  Scheduled for sync

查看ingress-controller的日志信息：

[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl -n ingress-nginx logs -f ingress-nginx-controller-746fcdfcdd-6gt4n
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NGINX Ingress controller
  Release:       v1.11.1
  Build:         7c44f992012555ff7f4e47c08d7c542ca9b4b1f7
  Repository:    https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx
  nginx version: nginx/1.25.5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

W0826 03:58:30.736251       7 client_config.go:659] Neither --kubeconfig nor --master was specified.  Using the inClusterConfig.  This might not work.
I0826 03:58:30.736660       7 main.go:205] "Creating API client" host="https://10.245.0.1:443"
I0826 03:58:37.887271       7 main.go:248] "Running in Kubernetes cluster" major="1" minor="29" git="v1.29.7" state="clean" commit="4e4a18878ce330fefda1dc46acca88ba355e9ce7" platform="linux/amd64"
I0826 03:58:38.432286       7 main.go:101] "SSL fake certificate created" file="/etc/ingress-controller/ssl/default-fake-certificate.pem"
I0826 03:58:38.490727       7 ssl.go:535] "loading tls certificate" path="/usr/local/certificates/cert" key="/usr/local/certificates/key"
I0826 03:58:38.516493       7 nginx.go:271] "Starting NGINX Ingress controller"
I0826 03:58:38.538981       7 event.go:377] Event(v1.ObjectReference{Kind:"ConfigMap", Namespace:"ingress-nginx", Name:"ingress-nginx-controller", UID:"0dba2870-a96b-4b5e-a908-b985139e5d63", APIVersion:"v1", ResourceVersion:"624593", FieldPath:""}): type: 'Normal' reason: 'CREATE' ConfigMap ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx-controller
I0826 03:58:39.719275       7 nginx.go:317] "Starting NGINX process"
I0826 03:58:39.720802       7 leaderelection.go:250] attempting to acquire leader lease ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx-leader...
I0826 03:58:39.723329       7 nginx.go:337] "Starting validation webhook" address=":8443" certPath="/usr/local/certificates/cert" keyPath="/usr/local/certificates/key"
I0826 03:58:39.724636       7 controller.go:193] "Configuration changes detected, backend reload required"
I0826 03:58:39.748482       7 leaderelection.go:260] successfully acquired lease ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx-leader
I0826 03:58:39.748953       7 status.go:85] "New leader elected" identity="ingress-nginx-controller-746fcdfcdd-6gt4n"
 I0826 03:58:39.826280       7 controller.go:213] "Backend successfully reloaded"
I0826 03:58:39.826390       7 controller.go:224] "Initial sync, sleeping for 1 second" 
I0826 03:58:39.826978       7 event.go:377] Event(v1.ObjectReference{Kind:"Pod", Namespace:"ingress-nginx", Name:"ingress-nginx-controller-746fcdfcdd-6gt4n", UID:"68964da5-0da2-4ca7-84f3-742e3d1646ed", APIVersion:"v1", ResourceVersion:"624720", FieldPath:""}): type: 'Normal' reason: 'RELOAD' NGINX reload triggered due to a change in configuration

从最后几条日志来看，我们创建的ingress已经与ingress-nginx成功关联上了，下面可以进行访问测试了。

2.4.2 访问测试

2.4.2.1 在HOSTS文件里添加解析记录：

❤️ 推荐：如果安装了火绒，可以使用内置安全工具，方便修改。

添加记录：

192.168.3.44 nginx.steven.com

访问测试：

2.4.3 pod负载均衡测试

修改nginx的index.html

[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl exec -it nginx-test-6fc95f9f89-dsqkg -- sh
/ # echo "nginx1"> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
/ # exit
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl exec -it nginx-test-6fc95f9f89-h7khh -- sh
/ # echo "nginx2"> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
/ # exit
[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl exec -it nginx-test-6fc95f9f89-z2v6l -- sh
/ # echo "nginx3"> /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
/ # exit

再次访问测试，默认是轮询方式，负载均衡主要是service的作用。

3 DaemonSet方式部署Ingress-nginx

DaemonSet 确保 Ingress Controller 的副本在集群中的每个节点上运行。这么做的原因如下：

它确保入口控制器保持服务流量高可用，即使某个节点发生故障。
它允许 Ingress Controller 在集群中的所有节点之间均匀分配流量，从而提高性能。
它允许 Ingress Controller 绑定到主机的网络命名空间，这对于某些功能（例如外部 DNS）是必需的。

3.1 配置DaemonSet

3.1.1 helm部署方式

# 切换到Chart目录
cd helm/ingress-nginx
vim values.yaml

修改ingress-nginx-controller的kind字段

 222   #kind: Deployment
 223   kind: DaemonSet

更新helm配置

helm upgrade ingress-nginx . -n ingress-nginx

查看部署结果

[root@k8s-master1 ingress-nginx]# kubectl get pod,svc -owide -n ingress-nginx
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP          NODE          NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
pod/ingress-nginx-controller-2bljr   1/1     Running   0          61s    10.10.0.1   k8s-master1   <none>           <none>
pod/ingress-nginx-controller-2s59q   1/1     Running   0          3m1s   10.10.0.4   k8s-worker1   <none>           <none>
pod/ingress-nginx-controller-dppwt   1/1     Running   0          61s    10.10.0.5   k8s-worker2   <none>           <none>
pod/ingress-nginx-controller-gzshs   1/1     Running   0          61s    10.10.0.3   k8s-master3   <none>           <none>
pod/ingress-nginx-controller-hbj9d   0/1     Running   0          61s    10.10.0.2   k8s-master2   <none>           <none>

NAME                                         TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE    SELECTOR
service/ingress-nginx-controller             NodePort    10.245.133.125   <none>        80:30080/TCP,443:30443/TCP   3m2s   app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx
service/ingress-nginx-controller-admission   ClusterIP   10.245.236.128   <none>        443/TCP                      3m2s   app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=ingress-nginx,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx

看到每个节点都部署了一个ingress-controller的pod

3.1.2 yaml文件部署方式

修改这行即可

396 #kind: Deployment
397 kind: DaemonSet

验证方法如4.2节，这里就不重复叙述了。

4 结论

Ingress-Nginx 是 Kubernetes 中强大而灵活的流量管理工具，能够有效地路由外部请求到内部服务。通过本文的讲解与实践示例，您应该能够快速上手并在自己的集群中实现 Ingress-Nginx 的配置与管理。继续探索 Ingress-Nginx 的更多高级功能，将使您的应用架构更加高效和安全。