【Leetcode】：13. Roman to Integer 问题 in JAVA

Given a roman numeral, convert it to an integer.

Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.

题目要求把罗马数字转换为阿拉伯数字，这个题很简单，只不过代码量比较大

先查查维基百科罗马数字的知识，各个字母分别代表什么意思

Symbol	Value
I	1
V	5
X	10
L	50
C	100
D	500
M	1,000

• I placed before V or X indicates one less, so four is IV (one less than five) and nine is IX (one less than ten)
• X placed before L or C indicates ten less, so forty is XL (ten less than fifty) and ninety is XC (ten less than a hundred)
• C placed before D or M indicates a hundred less, so four hundred is CD (a hundred less than five hundred) and nine hundred is CM (a hundred less than a thousand)^[5]

另外存在一些特例，比如IV=4，IX=9，XL=40，XC=90，CD=400，CM=900；

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public class Solution {
    public int romanToInt(String s) {
        int num = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {
            if (s.charAt(i) == 'C') {
                if ((i + 1 < s.length()) && s.charAt(i + 1) == 'M') {
                    num += 900;
                    i++;
                } else if ((i + 1 < s.length()) && s.charAt(i + 1) == 'D') {
                    num += 400;
                    i++;
                } else {
                    num += 100;
                }
            } else if (s.charAt(i) == 'X') {
                if ((i + 1 < s.length()) && s.charAt(i + 1) == 'C') {
                    num += 90;
                    i++;
                } else if ((i + 1 < s.length()) && s.charAt(i + 1) == 'L') {
                    num += 40;
                    i++;
                } else {
                    num += 10;
                }
            } else if (s.charAt(i) == 'I') {
                if((i + 1 < s.length()) && s.charAt(i + 1) == 'X') {
                    num += 9;
                    i++;
                } else if ((i + 1 < s.length()) && s.charAt(i + 1) == 'V') {
                    num += 4;
                    i++;
                } else {
                    num += 1;
                }
            } else if (s.charAt(i) == 'M') {
                num += 1000;
            } else if (s.charAt(i) == 'D') {
                num += 500;
            } else if (s.charAt(i) == 'L') {
                num += 50;
            } else if (s.charAt(i) == 'V') {
                num += 5;
            }
        }
        return num;
    }
}