Django generic.Views 源码初步剖析

Django generic.Views 源码初步剖析

django 采用了类形式的view,方便继承,此外,内建了listView,detailView,updateView,createView等常用的view类,方便开发者进行视图的展示。而generic.views是所有view所继承的基本类,主要包括下面几个方法。

  • _init_
  • as_view
  • dispatch
  • http_method_not_allowed
  • options
  • _allowed_methods
  • http_method_names

http_method_names

首先view类定义了可接受的http方法名称,包括[‘get’, ‘post’, ‘put’, ‘patch’, ‘delete’, ‘head’, ‘options’, ‘trace’]

继承view后,自定义的函数若与这几个http方法重名则意味着执行该方法,具体实现通过dispatch来进行分发。

若有方法未定义,则表示该view不接受这类http请求,返回405,method not allow。这是通过http_method_not_allowed方法返回相应报文。

options

options实际意义是获取该请求所支持的http方法,所以通过options返回相对应的报文,通过_allowed_methods来进行查询这个view所支持的方法。

as_view

as_view是一个classmethod,用于urls中,对url进行mapping,在as_view中,会对每一个请求构建实例,通过dispatch方法对相应的方法进行转发,进入对应方法的函数中。若head方法未实现,则等于get方法。

dispatch

dispatch函数中,通过request.method,来对应class的方法,看是否有对应的方法,进行执行,否则,返回method_not_allowed。

源码

class View(object):
    """
    Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements
    dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking.
    """

    http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        """
        Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra
        keyword arguments, and other things.
        """
        # Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our
        # instance, or raise an error.
        for key, value in six.iteritems(kwargs):
            setattr(self, key, value)

    @classonlymethod
    def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
        """
        Main entry point for a request-response process.
        """
        for key in initkwargs:
            if key in cls.http_method_names:
                raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
                                "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
                                % (key, cls.__name__))
            if not hasattr(cls, key):
                raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
                                "only accepts arguments that are already "
                                "attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))

        def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
            self = cls(**initkwargs)
            if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):
                self.head = self.get
            self.request = request
            self.args = args
            self.kwargs = kwargs
            return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
        view.view_class = cls
        view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs

        # take name and docstring from class
        update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())

        # and possible attributes set by decorators
        # like csrf_exempt from dispatch
        update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
        return view

    def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
        # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
        # request method isn't on the approved list.
        if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
            handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
        else:
            handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
        return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        logger.warning('Method Not Allowed (%s): %s', request.method, request.path,
            extra={
                'status_code': 405,
                'request': request
            }
        )
        return http.HttpResponseNotAllowed(self._allowed_methods())

    def options(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Handles responding to requests for the OPTIONS HTTP verb.
        """
        response = http.HttpResponse()
        response['Allow'] = ', '.join(self._allowed_methods())
        response['Content-Length'] = '0'
        return response

    def _allowed_methods(self):
        return [m.upper() for m in self.http_method_names if hasattr(self, m)]
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