Optional和stream的使用

 原来的Null值判断

String s = test();
if (null != s) {
    System.out.println(s);
}

使用OptionalNull判断 

Optional<String> s = Optional.ofNullable(test());
s.ifPresent(System.out::println);

如果为空则赋值

 String s = null;
 Optional<String> o = Optional.ofNullable(s);
 System.out.println(o.orElse("test"));

如果为空则抛异常

String s=null;
Optional<String> o = Optional.ofNullable(s);
System.out.println(o.orElseThrow(()->new Exception("test")));

FlatMap

List<String> list = Arrays.asList("a,b,c", "1,2,3");
Stream<String> s3 = list.stream().flatMap(s -> {
    //将每个元素转换成一个stream
    String[] split = s.split(",");
    Stream<String> s2 = Arrays.stream(split);
    return s2;
});
s3.forEach(System.out::println); 

Sorted

        Student s1 = new Student("aa", 10);
        Student s2 = new Student("bb", 20);
        Student s3 = new Student("aa", 30);
        Student s4 = new Student("dd", 40);
        List<Student> studentList = Arrays.asList(s1, s2, s3, s4);

        //自定义排序：先按姓名升序，姓名相同则按年龄升序
        studentList.stream().sorted(
                (o1, o2) -> {
                    if (o1.getName().equals(o2.getName())) {
                        return o2.getAge() - o1.getAge();
                    } else {
                        return o2.getName().compareTo(o1.getName());
                    }
                }
        ).forEach(o->System.out.println(o.getName()+o.getAge()));

reduce

List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24);
 
Integer v = list.stream().reduce((x1, x2) -> x1 + x2).get();
System.out.println(v);   // 300
 
Integer v1 = list.stream().reduce(10, (x1, x2) -> x1 + x2);
System.out.println(v1);  //310

Integer v3 = list.parallelStream().reduce(0,
        (x1, x2) -> {
            System.out.println("parallelStream accumulator: x1:" + x1 + "  x2:" + x2);
            return x1 + x2;
        },
        (x1, x2) -> {
            System.out.println("parallelStream combiner: x1:" + x1 + "  x2:" + x2);
            return x1 + x2;
        });
System.out.println(v3);

        reduce函数，第一次执行x1是第一个元素，x2是第二个元素，第2次执行时，x1是上次执行的结果，x2是第3个元素，以此类推。

        在并行流(parallelStream)中,我们知道流被fork join出多个线程进行执行，此时每个线程的执行流程就跟第二个方法reduce(identity,accumulator)一样，而第三个参数combiner函数，则是将每个线程的执行结果当成一个新的流，然后使用第一个方法reduce(accumulator)流程进行规约。