从iOS7开始,苹果更新了自定义ViewController转场的API,这些新增的类和接口让很多人困惑,望而却步。本文就从这些API入口,让读者理清这些API错综复杂的关系。
几个protocol
讲自定义转场就离不开这几个protocol:
UIViewControllerContextTransitioning
UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning
UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate
UINavigationControllerDelegate
UITabBarControllerDelegate
乍一看很多,其实很简单,我们可以将其分为三类:
- 描述ViewController转场的:
UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate
,UINavigationControllerDelegate
,UITabBarControllerDelegate
- 定义动画内容的
UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
,UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning
- 表示动画上下文的
UIViewControllerContextTransitioning
描述ViewController转场的
细说之前先扯个蛋:
为什么苹果要引入这一套API?因为在iOS7之前,做转场动画很麻烦,要写一大堆代码在ViewController中。引入这一套API之后,在丰富功能的同时极大程度地降低了代码耦合,实现方式就是将之前在ViewController里面的代码通过protocol分离了出来。
顺着这个思路往下想,实现自定义转场动画首先需要找到ViewController的
delegate
。苹果告诉我们切换ViewController有三种形式:UITabBarController内部切换,UINavigationController切换,present modal ViewController。这三种方式是不是需要不同的protocol呢?我们分别来看下:
UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate
自定义模态转场动画时使用。 设置UIViewController的属性transitioningDelegate。@property (nullable, nonatomic, weak) id <UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate> transitioningDelegate
UINavigationControllerDelegate
自定义navigation转场动画时使用。 设置UINavigationController的属性delegate@property(nullable, nonatomic, weak) id<UINavigationControllerDelegate> delegate
UITabBarControllerDelegate
自定义tab转场动画时使用。 设置UITabBarController的属性delegate@property(nullable, nonatomic,weak) id<UITabBarControllerDelegate> delegate
实际上这三个protocol干的事情是一样的,就是我们“扯淡”的内容,只不过他们的应用场景不同罢了。我们下面以
UINavigationControllerDelegate
为例,其他的类似。定义动画内容的
UINavigationControllerDelegate
主要包含这两个方法:- (nullable id <UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning>)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController interactionControllerForAnimationController:(id <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>) animationController NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0); - (nullable id <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>)navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController animationControllerForOperation:(UINavigationControllerOperation)operation fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromVC toViewController:(UIViewController *)toVC NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(7_0);
两个方法分别返回
UIViewControllerInteractiveTransitioning
和UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
,它们的任务是描述动画行为(转场动画如何执行,就看它俩的)。
从名字可以看出,这两个protocol的区别在于是否是interactive的。如何理解?interactive动画可以根据输入信息的变化改变动画的进程。例如iOS系统为UINavigationController
提供的默认右滑退出手势就是一个interactive 动画,整个动画的进程由用户手指的移动距离控制。我们来看下相对简单的
UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
:- (NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(nullable id <UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext; - (void)animateTransition:(id <UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext; @optional - (void)animationEnded:(BOOL) transitionCompleted;
transitionDuration返回动画的执行时间,animateTransition处理具体的动画,animationEnded是optional,大部分情况下不需要处理。
这里出现了我们要讲的最后一个protocol:UIViewControllerContextTransitioning
。表示动画上下文的
UIViewControllerContextTransitioning
也是唯一一个不需要我们实现的protocol。Do not adopt this protocol in your own classes, nor should you directly create objects that adopt this protocol.
UIViewControllerContextTransitioning
提供了一系列方法,为interactive和非interactive动画提供上下文://转场动画发生在该View中 - (nullable UIView *)containerView; //上报动画执行完毕 - (void)completeTransition:(BOOL)didComplete; //根据key返回一个ViewController。我们通过UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey找到将被替换掉的ViewController,通过UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey找到将要显示的ViewController - (nullable __kindof UIViewController *)viewControllerForKey:(NSString *)key;
还有一些其他的方法,我们以后用到再说。
下面我们通过一个简单的Demo串联理解下。
DEMO
这是一个缩放同时修改透明度的动画,我们来看下如何实现。
在上面的讲解中,我们通过倒推的方式来理解转场动画中用到的protocol,在Demo 中,我们会从创建动画开始。第一步:创建动画
由上面的解析得知,动画是在
UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
中定义的,所以我们首先创建实现UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
的对象:JLScaleTransition
。
JLScaleTransition.h
@interface JLScaleTransition : NSObject<UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning> @end
JLScaleTransition.m
@implementation JLScaleTransition - (NSTimeInterval)transitionDuration:(nullable id <UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext { return 0.5f; } - (void)animateTransition:(id <UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext { UIViewController *toVC = (UIViewController*)[transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey]; UIViewController *fromVC = (UIViewController*)[transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey]; UIView * containerView = [transitionContext containerView]; UIView * fromView = fromVC.view; UIView * toView = toVC.view; [containerView addSubview:toView]; [[transitionContext containerView] bringSubviewToFront:fromView]; NSTimeInterval duration = [self transitionDuration:transitionContext]; [UIView animateWithDuration:duration animations:^{ fromView.alpha = 0.0; fromView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(0.2, 0.2); toView.alpha = 1.0; } completion:^(BOOL finished) { fromView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1, 1); [transitionContext completeTransition:YES]; }]; }
在
animateTransition
中,我们分别获取两个ViewController的view,将toView
添加到containerView
中,然后执行动画。为了理解containerView
和fromView
,toView
的关系,我们添加几个log来分析一下:- (void)animateTransition:(id <UIViewControllerContextTransitioning>)transitionContext { UIViewController *toVC = (UIViewController*)[transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextToViewControllerKey]; UIViewController *fromVC = (UIViewController*)[transitionContext viewControllerForKey:UITransitionContextFromViewControllerKey]; UIView * containerView = [transitionContext containerView]; UIView * fromView = fromVC.view; UIView * toView = toVC.view; NSLog(@"startAnimation! fromView = %@", fromView); NSLog(@"startAnimation! toView = %@", toView); for(UIView * view in containerView.subviews){ NSLog(@"startAnimation! list container subviews: %@", view); } [containerView addSubview:toView]; [[transitionContext containerView] bringSubviewToFront:fromView]; NSTimeInterval duration = [self transitionDuration:transitionContext]; [UIView animateWithDuration:duration animations:^{ fromView.alpha = 0.0; fromView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(0.2, 0.2); toView.alpha = 1.0; } completion:^(BOOL finished) { fromView.transform = CGAffineTransformMakeScale(1, 1); [transitionContext completeTransition:YES]; for(UIView * view in containerView.subviews){ NSLog(@"endAnimation! list container subviews: %@", view); } }]; }
运行log如下:
2016-06-29 13:50:48.512 JLTransition[1970:177922] startAnimation! fromView = <UIView: 0x7aaef4e0; frame = (0 0; 320 568); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x7aaef5a0>> 2016-06-29 13:50:48.513 JLTransition[1970:177922] startAnimation! toView = <UIView: 0x796ac5a0; frame = (0 0; 320 568); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x796ac050>> 2016-06-29 13:50:48.513 JLTransition[1970:177922] startAnimation! list container subviews: <UIView: 0x7aaef4e0; frame = (0 0; 320 568); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x7aaef5a0>> 2016-06-29 13:50:49.017 JLTransition[1970:177922] endAnimation! list container subviews: <UIView: 0x796ac5a0; frame = (0 0; 320 568); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x796ac050>>
可见,转场执行的时候,
containerView
中只包含fromView
,转场动画执行完毕之后,containerView
会将fromView
移除。因为containerView
不负责toView
的添加,所以我们需要主动将toView
添加到containerView
中。注意!非interactive转场中,动画结束之后需要执行
[transitionContext completeTransition:YES];(如果动画被取消,传NO)
;但是在interactive转场中,动画是否结束是由外界控制的(用户行为或者特定函数),需要在外部调用。第二步:定义转场
在第二部,我们需要实现
UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
,并将第一步创建的JLScaleTransition
对象返回。
JLScaleNavControlDelegate.h
@interface JLScaleNavControlDelegate : NSObject<UINavigationControllerDelegate> @end
JLScaleNavControlDelegate.m
@implementation JLScaleNavControlDelegate - (nullable id <UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning>) navigationController:(UINavigationController *)navigationController animationControllerForOperation:(UINavigationControllerOperation)operation fromViewController:(UIViewController *)fromVC toViewController:(UIViewController *)toVC { return [JLScaleTransition new]; } @end
这一步很简单,实现
UIViewControllerAnimatedTransitioning
对应方法即可。第三步:设置转场
设置转场其实就是设置delegate(还记得我们“扯淡”的内容吧)。
self.navigationController.delegate = id<UINavigationControllerDelegate> self.transitioningDelegate = id<UIViewControllerTransitioningDelegate> self.tabBarController.delegate = id<UITabBarControllerDelegate>
设置delegate有两种方式:通过代码;通过StoryBoard。
通过代码设置
@interface ViewController () @property (nonatomic, strong) JLScaleNavControlDelegate * scaleNavDelegate; @end @implementation ViewController - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; self.scaleNavDelegate = [JLScaleNavControlDelegate new]; } - (IBAction)triggerTransitionDelegate:(id)sender { self.navigationController.delegate = self.scaleNavDelegate; [self.navigationController pushViewController:[TargetViewController new] animated:YES]; }
通过StoryBoard设置
在StoryBoard中为
Navigation Bar
添加一个Object,并且声明为JLScaleNavControlDelegate
(定义见上文)。
按住control,从navigation controller拖线置新添加的object,指定为delegate。
NEXT
今天就到这里,源码放在github,还包括一些复杂的动画,会持续更新,后面有时间专门挑几个效果牛逼的聊聊。
作者:joshualiyz
链接:http://www.jianshu.com/p/e7155f938e59
來源:简书
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权,非商业转载请注明出处。
ViewController自定义转场-基础
最新推荐文章于 2020-02-26 19:56:57 发布