11、字符流、字节流

流操作基本规律
1、明确源和目的
源：输入流。InputStream  Reader
目的：输出流。 OutputStream Writer
2、操作的数据是否是纯文本。
是：字符流
不是：字节流
3、当体系明确后，在明确要使用哪个具体的对象
通过设备来进行区分：
源设备：内存，硬盘，键盘
目的设备：内存，硬盘，控制台
转换流什么使用。字符和字节之间的桥梁，通常，涉及到字符编码转换时，需要用到转换流

字符流：

字符流只用来操作文字数据

字符流两个基类：
Reader   
FileReader  录入
BufferedReader

Writer
FileWriter 读取
bufferedWriter

close和flush的区别：flush刷新后，流可以继续使用，close刷新后，关闭流

FileWriter

package BytePakage;
import java.io.*;
public class FileWriterDemo {
 
    //需求：在硬盘上创建一个文件，并写入文字数据
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
    {
        //创建一个FileWriter对象。该对象一被初始化就必须要明确被操作的文件。
        //而且该文件会被创建到指定目录下，如果该目录下已有同名文件，将被覆盖。
        FileWriter file = new FileWriter("demo.text");
 
        //调用write方法，将字符串写入流中
        file.write("胡平燕");
 
        //刷新流对象中的缓冲数据，将数据刷新到目的中
        file.flush();
 
        //关闭流资源，但是关闭之前会刷新一次内部的缓冲中的数据，
        //将数据刷新到目的地中
        //和flush的区别：flush刷新后，流可以继续使用，close刷新后，关闭流
        file.close();
    }
 
}

BufferedWriter
在创建缓冲区之前，必须先有对象流
该缓冲区提供了一个跨平台的换行符  newLine()方法

package BytePakage;
 
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
 
public class BufferedWriterDemo {
 
    public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException
    {
        FileWriter file = new FileWriter("E://text.txt");
 
        //将对象流作为参数传递给缓冲区的构造函数即可
        BufferedWriter bur = new BufferedWriter(file);
 
        for(int i=1; i<5;i++)
        {
            bur.write("胡平燕"+i);
            bur.newLine();//换行
            bur.flush();//刷新流
        }
        //关闭缓冲区，就是在关闭缓冲区的对象流
        bur.close();
    }
}

​ BufferedReader

package BytePakage;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
 
public class BufferedReaderDemo {
 
    public static void main(String[] args)throws IOException
    {
        FileReader fr = new FileReader("E://text.txt");     
        BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(fr);
        String line = null;
        while((line = buf.readLine()) != null)
        {
            System.out.println(line);
        }       
        buf.close();        
    }
}

FileReader

package BytePakage;
 
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
 
public class CopyText {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
    {
        FileWriter file = null;
        FileReader fr3 = null;
        try
        {
            //创建目的地
            file = new FileWriter("E://demo.java");         
            //与已有文件关联
            fr3 = new FileReader("F://demo.txt");           
            char[] ch2 = new char[1024];
            int len = 0;
            while((len = fr3.read(ch2))!=-1)
            {
                //将F盘文本文件Copy到E盘
                file.write(ch2,0,len);
            }
        } 
        catch (IOException e) 
        {
            throw new RuntimeException("读取失败");
        }
        finally
        {
            try
            {
                if(file != null)
                    file.close();
                if(fr3 != null)
                    fr3.close();
            } 
            catch (IOException e)
            {
                throw new RuntimeException("读取失败");
            }
        }
 
    }
}

写入转换流

package BytePakage;
 
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
 
public class TransStreamDemo2 {
 
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        //键盘录入最常见写法
        BufferedWriter bufw = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(System.out));
        String len = null;
        while((len = bufw.readLine()) != null)
        {
            if("over".equals(bufw))
                break;
            bufw.write(len.toUpperCase());
            bufw.newLine();
            bufw.flush();
        }   
        bufw.close();
    }
}

读取转换流

<span style="font-size:12px;color:#000000;">package BytePakage;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 
public class TransStreamDemo {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
    {
        //获取键盘录入对象。
        //InputStream in = System.in;
        //将字节流对象转成字符流对象，使用转换流。InputStreamReader
        //InputStreamReader irs = new InputStreamReader(in);
        //为了提高效率，将字符流进行缓冲区技术高效作用，使用BufferedReader
        BufferedReader buf = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        String len = null;
        while((len = buf.readLine()) != null)
        {
            if("over".equals(len))
                break;
            System.out.println(len.toUpperCase());
        }
    }
}</span>

字节流：

InputStream
FileInputStream 录入
BufferedInputStream
​
OutputStream
FileOutputStream 读取
BufferedOutputStream

复制文件案例

package BytePakage;
 
import java.io.*;
 
public class CopyPic {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
    {
        FileInputStream fileI = null;
        FileOutputStream fileO = null;
        try
        {
            //获取硬盘文件
            fileI = new FileInputStream("E://ed.JPEG");
            //复制文件的对象
            fileO = new FileOutputStream("E://ed2.JPEG");
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
            int len = 0;
            while((len = fileI.read(buf)) != -1)
            {
                fileO.write(buf,0,len);
            }
        } 
        catch (Exception e) 
        {
            throw new RuntimeException("复制文件失败");
        }
        finally
        {
            try
            {
                if(fileI != null)
                    fileI.close();
            } 
            catch (Exception e2)
            {
                throw new RuntimeException("读取文件失败");
            }
            try
            {
                if(fileO != null)
                    fileO.close();
            } 
            catch (Exception e2)
            {
                throw new RuntimeException("写入文件失败");
            }
        }
    }
 
} 

复制MP3

package BytePakage;
 
import java.io.*;
 
public class CopyMp3 {
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException
    {   
        long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
        copy();
        long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println((end-start)+"毫秒");
    }
    public static void copy()throws IOException
    {
        BufferedInputStream bufInput = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream("E://music1.mp3"));
        BufferedOutputStream bufOutput = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("E://music2.mp3"));
 
        int len = 0;
        while((len = bufInput.read()) != -1)
        {
            bufOutput.write(len);
        }
        bufInput.close();
        bufOutput.close();
    }
}