量子力学第八弹——散射问题

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-12 14:17:33 发布

东门之杨

最新推荐文章于 2024-03-12 14:17:33 发布

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文章标签：量子力学散射

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u013795675/article/details/45691997

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Classification of collision

Elastic $A + B \to A + B$ $A+B\to A+B$
Inelastic $A + B \to A * + B$ $A+B\to A^* +B$
Reaction $A + B = C + D + E + \dots$ $A+B=C+D+E+\cdots$

Restriction of our discussion
1. elastic,whicn can be dispicted as local wave function.
2. non-relativity.
3. central potential problem
4. two-body elastic collision

A + B \to A + B, V (x)

$A+B\to A+B,V(\mathbf{x})$
5. Mass center system

m = m A m B m A + m B

$m=\dfrac{m_Am_B}{m_A+m_B}$
6. Monochromatic incident plane wave.

ψ i n = A e i k z

$\psi_{in}=Ae^{ikz}$
7. Asymptomic behavior.

k⋅r→∞ $k\cdot r\to \infty$

ψ s \to f (θ, φ) e i k r r

$\psi_s\to f(\theta,\varphi)\dfrac{e^{ikr}}{r}$

Scattering cross-section

Definition

J (θ, φ) = scattering particle numbers [unit time] \cdot [unit solid angular]

$J(\theta ,\varphi)=\dfrac{\text{scattering particle numbers}}{\text{[unit time]}\cdot \text{[unit solid angular]}}$

σ C (θ, φ) = d σ ( θ , φ ) d Ω = J ( θ , φ ) j 0

$\sigma_C(\theta,\varphi)=\dfrac{d\sigma(\theta,\varphi)}{d\Omega}=\dfrac{J(\theta ,\varphi)}{j_0}$

Averaged current density in spherical coordination

⎧ ⎩ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ \nabla g = e r (\partial g \partial r) + e θ (1 r \partial g \partial θ) + e φ (1 r sin θ \partial g \partial φ) ψ = f (θ, φ) e i k r r j = ℏ 2 m i [ψ * \nabla ψ - ψ \nabla ψ *]

$\begin{cases}\nabla g=\mathbf{e_r}\left(\dfrac{\partial g}{\partial r}\right)+\mathbf{e_\theta} \left(\dfrac 1r\dfrac{\partial g}{\partial \theta}\right)+\mathbf{e_\varphi}\left(\dfrac{1}{r\sin\theta}\dfrac{\partial g}{\partial \varphi}\right)\\\psi= f(\theta,\varphi)\dfrac{e^{ikr}}{r}\\\mathbf{j}=\dfrac{\hbar}{2m\mathrm{i}}[\psi^*\nabla\psi-\psi\nabla\psi^*]\end{cases}$

\Rightarrow ⎧ ⎩ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ j r = ℏ k m | f ( θ , φ ) | 2 r 2 j θ = O (1 r 3) j φ = O (1 r 3)

$\Rightarrow\begin{cases}j_r=\dfrac{\hbar k}{m}\dfrac{|f(\theta,\varphi)|^2}{r^2}\\ j_\theta=O(\dfrac 1{r^3}) \\j_\varphi =O(\dfrac 1{r^3}) \end{cases}$

Hence when $r\to \infty$ ,one has $\mathbf{j_s}=j_r\mathbf{e_r}=\dfrac{\hbar k}{m}\dfrac{|f(\theta,\varphi)|^2}{r^2}\mathbf{e_r}$

J (θ, φ) d Ω = j s \cdot d S = ℏ k m | f (θ, φ) | 2 d Ω

$J(\theta,\varphi)d\Omega=\mathbf{j_s}\cdot\mathbf{dS}=\dfrac{\hbar k}{m}{|f(\theta,\varphi)|^2}d\Omega$

j 0 = ℏ k m

$j_0=\frac{\hbar k}{m}$

σ C (θ, φ) = J ( θ , φ ) j 0 = | f (θ, φ) | 2

$\sigma_C(\theta,\varphi)=\dfrac{J(\theta,\varphi)}{j_0}=|f(\theta,\varphi)|^2$

入射波是平面波，散射波是球面波，且被散射幅调制过。

Thanks to Prof. Guo Hong

东门之杨

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量子力学第八弹——散射问题

Classification of collisionElasticA+B→A+BA+B\to A+BInelastic A+B→A∗+BA+B\to A^* +BReactionA+B=C+D+E+⋯A+B=C+D+E+\cdotsRestriction of our discussion 1. elastic,whicn can be dispicted as local wave f
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