Classification of collision
- Elastic
A+B→A+B
- Inelastic
A+B→A∗+B
- Reaction
A+B=C+D+E+⋯
Restriction of our discussion
1. elastic,whicn can be dispicted as local wave function.
2. non-relativity.
3. central potential problem
4. two-body elastic collision
A+B→A+B,V(x)
5. Mass center system
m=mAmBmA+mB
6. Monochromatic incident plane wave.
ψin=Aeikz
7. Asymptomic behavior. k⋅r→∞
ψs→f(θ,φ)eikrr
Scattering cross-section
Definition
J(θ,φ)=scattering particle numbers[unit time]⋅[unit solid angular]
σC(θ,φ)=dσ(θ,φ)dΩ=J(θ,φ)j0
Averaged current density in spherical coordination
⎧⎩⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪∇g=er(∂g∂r)+eθ(1r∂g∂θ)+eφ(1rsinθ∂g∂φ)ψ=f(θ,φ)eikrrj=ℏ2mi[ψ∗∇ψ−ψ∇ψ∗]
⇒⎧⎩⎨⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪⎪jr=ℏkm|f(θ,φ)|2r2jθ=O(1r3)jφ=O(1r3)
Hence when
r→∞
,one has
js=jrer=ℏkm|f(θ,φ)|2r2er
J(θ,φ)dΩ=js⋅dS=ℏkm|f(θ,φ)|2dΩ
j0=ℏkm
σC(θ,φ)=J(θ,φ)j0=|f(θ,φ)|2
入射波是平面波,散射波是球面波,且被散射幅调制过。
Thanks to Prof. Guo Hong