Netty 学习笔记3 客户端

Netty 学习笔记3 客户端

基本使用

1. 创建引导类 Bootstrap 对象

// 负责启动客户端以及连接服务端
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();

2. 使用 group 方法配置事件循环组

EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
bootstrap.group(workerGroup);

3. 设置 channel 类型

// 指定线程模型，驱动着连接的数据读写
bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);

// or EpollSocketChannel
// or KQueueSocketChannel

4. 定义连接的业务处理逻辑

bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
    @Override
    protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {
        ChannelPipeline channelPipeline = channel.pipeline();
        channelPipeline.addLast(new EchoClientHandler());
    }
});

5. 设置参数

// 表示连接的超时时间，超过这个时间还是建立不上的话则代表连接失败
bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.CONNECT_TIMEOUT_MILLIS, 5000)
// 表示是否开启 TCP 底层心跳机制，true 为开启
bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true)
// 表示是否开始 Nagle 算法，true 表示关闭，false 表示开启，
// 通俗地说，如果要求高实时性，有数据发送时就马上发送，就设置为 true 关闭，如果需要减少发送次数减少网络交互，就设置为 false 开启
bootstrap.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)

6. 连接服务端

ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 51001).sync();

// 或者这样
bootstrap.remoteAddress(new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 51001));
//bootstrap.remoteAddress("127.0.0.1", 51001);
ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect().sync();

// 监听关闭事件，阻塞
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();

失败重连

private static void connect(Bootstrap bootstrap, String host, int port, int retry) {
    bootstrap.connect(host, port).addListener(future -> {
        if (future.isSuccess()) {
            System.out.println("连接成功!");
        } else if (retry == 0) {
            System.err.println("重试次数已用完，放弃连接！");
        } else {
            // 第几次重连
            int order = (MAX_RETRY - retry) + 1;
            // 本次重连的间隔
            int delay = 1 << order;
            System.out.println("连接失败，第" + order + "次重连……");
            bootstrap.config().group().schedule(() -> connect(bootstrap, host, port, retry - 1), delay, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        }
    });
}

---

完整示例

    private static final int MAX_RETRY = 5;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {
            Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
            bootstrap.group(workerGroup);
            bootstrap.channel(NioSocketChannel.class);
            bootstrap.handler(new ChannelInitializer<Channel>() {
                @Override
                protected void initChannel(Channel channel) throws Exception {
                    ChannelPipeline channelPipeline = channel.pipeline();
                    channelPipeline.addLast(new EchoClientHandler());
                }
            });
            ChannelFuture channelFuture = bootstrap.connect("127.0.0.1", 51001).sync();
            connect(bootstrap, "127.0.0.1", 51001, MAX_RETRY);
        } finally {
            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
        }
    }

    private static void connect(Bootstrap bootstrap, String host, int port, int retry) {
        bootstrap.connect(host, port).addListener(future -> {
            if (future.isSuccess()) {
                System.out.println("连接成功!");
            } else if (retry == 0) {
                System.err.println("重试次数已用完，放弃连接！");
            } else {
                // 第几次重连
                int order = (MAX_RETRY - retry) + 1;
                // 本次重连的间隔
                int delay = 1 << order;
                System.out.println("连接失败，第" + order + "次重连……");
                bootstrap.config().group().schedule(() -> connect(bootstrap, host, port, retry - 1), delay, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            }
        });
    }