Netty 是如何解决 NIO epoll 空轮询 Bug ？

JDK NIO epoll 空轮询 Bug

一般 selector.select() 是阻塞的，只有被监听的 FD(文件描述符) 有读写操作时，才会被唤醒。
但在这个 bug 中，没有任何 FD 读写操作时 select() 依然会被唤醒。

代码案例

Netty 是如何解决 NIO epoll 空轮询 Bug ？

1. 对 selector 的 select() 操作周期进行统计，每完成一次 select() 操作进行一次计数；
2. 若在某个周期内连续发生 N 次空轮询，则被认为触发 NIO epoll 死循环 bug；
3. 这种情况下，会进行重建 Selector 对象：将原 SocketChannel 从旧的 Selector 上去除，重新注册到新的 Selector 上，并将旧 Selector 对象关闭。

 io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop

    // returns true if selectCnt should be reset
    private boolean unexpectedSelectorWakeup(int selectCnt) {
        if (Thread.interrupted()) {
            // Thread was interrupted so reset selected keys and break so we not run into a busy loop.
            // As this is most likely a bug in the handler of the user or it's client library we will
            // also log it.
            //
            // See https://github.com/netty/netty/issues/2426
            if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                logger.debug("Selector.select() returned prematurely because " +
                        "Thread.currentThread().interrupt() was called. Use " +
                        "NioEventLoop.shutdownGracefully() to shutdown the NioEventLoop.");
            }
            return true;
        }
        if (SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD > 0 &&
                selectCnt >= SELECTOR_AUTO_REBUILD_THRESHOLD) {
            // The selector returned prematurely many times in a row.
            // Rebuild the selector to work around the problem.
            logger.warn("Selector.select() returned prematurely {} times in a row; rebuilding Selector {}.",
                    selectCnt, selector);
            rebuildSelector();
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    /**
     * Replaces the current {@link Selector} of this event loop with newly created {@link Selector}s to work
     * around the infamous epoll 100% CPU bug.
     */
    public void rebuildSelector() {
        if (!inEventLoop()) {
            execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    rebuildSelector0();
                }
            });
            return;
        }
        rebuildSelector0();
    }
    
    private void rebuildSelector0() {
        final Selector oldSelector = selector;
        final SelectorTuple newSelectorTuple;

        if (oldSelector == null) {
            return;
        }

        try {
            newSelectorTuple = openSelector();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warn("Failed to create a new Selector.", e);
            return;
        }

        // Register all channels to the new Selector.
        int nChannels = 0;
        for (SelectionKey key: oldSelector.keys()) {
            Object a = key.attachment();
            try {
                if (!key.isValid() || key.channel().keyFor(newSelectorTuple.unwrappedSelector) != null) {
                    continue;
                }

                int interestOps = key.interestOps();
                key.cancel();
                SelectionKey newKey = key.channel().register(newSelectorTuple.unwrappedSelector, interestOps, a);
                if (a instanceof AbstractNioChannel) {
                    // Update SelectionKey
                    ((AbstractNioChannel) a).selectionKey = newKey;
                }
                nChannels ++;
            } catch (Exception e) {
                logger.warn("Failed to re-register a Channel to the new Selector.", e);
                if (a instanceof AbstractNioChannel) {
                    AbstractNioChannel ch = (AbstractNioChannel) a;
                    ch.unsafe().close(ch.unsafe().voidPromise());
                } else {
                    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                    NioTask<SelectableChannel> task = (NioTask<SelectableChannel>) a;
                    invokeChannelUnregistered(task, key, e);
                }
            }
        }

        selector = newSelectorTuple.selector;
        unwrappedSelector = newSelectorTuple.unwrappedSelector;

        try {
            // time to close the old selector as everything else is registered to the new one
            oldSelector.close();
        } catch (Throwable t) {
            if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
                logger.warn("Failed to close the old Selector.", t);
            }
        }

        if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
            logger.info("Migrated " + nChannels + " channel(s) to the new Selector.");
        }
    }