参考链接： Python中的numpy.bitwise_xor
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Example 1
def test_zero_safe_divide(self):
from blmath.numerics.operations import zero_safe_divide
numerator = np.ones((5, 5))
numerator[3, 3] = 0.
denominator = np.ones((5, 5))
denominator[2, 2] = 0.
denominator[3, 3] = 0.
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore", RuntimeWarning)
true_divide = np.true_divide(numerator, denominator)
safe_divide = zero_safe_divide(numerator, denominator)
self.assertTrue(np.isinf(true_divide[2, 2]))
self.assertEqual(safe_divide[2, 2], 0.)
self.assertTrue(np.isnan(true_divide[3, 3]))
self.assertEqual(safe_divide[3, 3], 0.)
Example 2
def zero_safe_divide(a, b, default_error_value=0.):
"""Element-wise division that accounts for floating point errors.
Both invalid floating-point (e.g. 0. / 0.) and divide be zero errors are
suppressed. Resulting values (NaN and Inf respectively) are replaced with
`default_error_value`.
"""
import numpy as np
with np.errstate(invalid='ignore', divide='ignore'):
quotient = np.true_divide(a, b)
bad_value_indices = np.logical_or(
np.isnan(quotient), np.isinf(quotient))
quotient[bad_value_indices] = default_error_value
return quotient
Example 3
def V_short(self,eta):
sum0 = np.zeros(7,dtype=float)
sum1 = np.zeros(7,dtype=float)
for n1,n2 in product(range(self.N1+1),range(self.N2+1)):
wdo = comb(self.N1,n1,exact=True)*comb(self.N2,n2,exact=True)
wdox10 = comb(self.N1-1,n1,exact=True)*comb(self.N2,n2,exact=True)
wdox11 = comb(self.N1-1,n1-1,exact=True)*comb(self.N2,n2,exact=True)
wdox20 = comb(self.N1,n1,exact=True)*comb(self.N2-1,n2,exact=True)
wdox21 = comb(self.N1,n1,exact=True)*comb(self.N2-1,n2-1,exact=True)
w = np.asarray([wdox10,wdox20,wdox11,wdox21,wdo,wdo,wdo])
pz0,pz1 = self.p_n_given_z(n1,n2)
counts = [self.N1-n1,self.N2-n2,n1,n2,1,1,1]
Q = (eta*pz0*counts*(1-self.pZgivenA)+eta*pz1*counts*self.pZgivenA).sum()
ratio = np.nan_to_num(np.true_divide(pz0*(1-self.pZgivenA)+pz1*self.pZgivenA,Q))
sum0 += np.asfarray(w*pz0*ratio)
sum1 += np.asfarray(w*pz1*ratio)
result = self.pZgivenA*sum1+(1-self.pZgivenA)*sum0
return result
Example 4
def run(self,T,model):
if T <= model.K: # result is not defined if the horizon is shorter than the number of actions
self.best_action = None
return np.nan
actions = range(0,model.K)
self.trials = np.ones(model.K)
self.success = model.sample_multiple(actions,1)
for t in range(model.K,T):
arm = argmax_rand(self.upper_bound(t))
self.trials[arm] += 1
self.success[arm] +=model.sample_multiple(arm,1)
mu = np.true_divide(self.success,self.trials)
self.best_action = argmax_rand(mu)
return max(model.expected_rewards) - model.expected_rewards[self.best_action]
Example 5
def fit(self, x, y, verbose=True):
#setting data attributes for the model instance
X = tfidf_to_counts(x)
#splitting by target class so we can calculate the log-count ratio
X_pos = X[np.where(y == 1)]
X_neg = X[np.where(y == 0)]
self.r = log_count_ratio(X_pos, X_neg)
#setting the npos and nneg variables
n_pos = X_pos.shape[0]
n_neg = X_neg.shape[0]
#getting the bais for the MNB model
self.nb_bias = np.log(np.true_divide(n_pos, n_neg))
#trains, tests, and assesses the performance of the model
Example 6
def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
# See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
# related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
binary_funcs = [
np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor, np.maximum,
np.minimum, np.mod
]
# These functions still return NotImplemented. Will be fixed in
# future.
# bad = [np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.not_equal]
a = np.array('1')
b = 1
for f in binary_funcs:
assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b)
Example 7
def __itruediv__(self, other):
"""
True divide self by other in-place.
"""
other_data = getdata(other)
dom_mask = _DomainSafeDivide().__call__(self._data, other_data)
other_mask = getmask(other)
new_mask = mask_or(other_mask, dom_mask)
# The following 3 lines control the domain filling
if dom_mask.any():
(_, fval) = ufunc_fills[np.true_divide]
other_data = np.where(dom_mask, fval, other_data)
self._mask |= new_mask
self._data.__itruediv__(np.where(self._mask, self.dtype.type(1),
other_data))
return self
Example 8
def load_files(avg_file, std_file):
# load files
with open(avg_file) as f:
avg = simplejson.load(f)
with open(std_file) as f:
std = simplejson.load(f)
std = np.array(std)
print std
std = np.true_divide(std, 2.)
print std
avg = np.array(avg)
avg_upper = avg + std
avg_lower = avg - std
return avg, avg_upper, avg_lower
Example 9
def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
# See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
# related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
binary_funcs = [
np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor, np.maximum,
np.minimum, np.mod
]
# These functions still return NotImplemented. Will be fixed in
# future.
# bad = [np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.not_equal]
a = np.array('1')
b = 1
for f in binary_funcs:
assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b)
Example 10
def __itruediv__(self, other):
"""
True divide self by other in-place.
"""
other_data = getdata(other)
dom_mask = _DomainSafeDivide().__call__(self._data, other_data)
other_mask = getmask(other)
new_mask = mask_or(other_mask, dom_mask)
# The following 3 lines control the domain filling
if dom_mask.any():
(_, fval) = ufunc_fills[np.true_divide]
other_data = np.where(dom_mask, fval, other_data)
self._mask |= new_mask
self._data.__itruediv__(np.where(self._mask, self.dtype.type(1),
other_data))
return self
Example 11
def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
# See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
# related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
binary_funcs = [
np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor, np.maximum,
np.minimum, np.mod
]
# These functions still return NotImplemented. Will be fixed in
# future.
# bad = [np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.not_equal]
a = np.array('1')
b = 1
for f in binary_funcs:
assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b)
Example 12
def __itruediv__(self, other):
"""
True divide self by other in-place.
"""
other_data = getdata(other)
dom_mask = _DomainSafeDivide().__call__(self._data, other_data)
other_mask = getmask(other)
new_mask = mask_or(other_mask, dom_mask)
# The following 3 lines control the domain filling
if dom_mask.any():
(_, fval) = ufunc_fills[np.true_divide]
other_data = np.where(dom_mask, fval, other_data)
self._mask |= new_mask
self._data.__itruediv__(np.where(self._mask, self.dtype.type(1),
other_data))
return self
Example 13
def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
# See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
# related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
binary_funcs = [
np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor, np.maximum,
np.minimum, np.mod
]
# These functions still return NotImplemented. Will be fixed in
# future.
# bad = [np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.not_equal]
a = np.array('1')
b = 1
for f in binary_funcs:
assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b)
Example 14
def __itruediv__(self, other):
"""
True divide self by other in-place.
"""
other_data = getdata(other)
dom_mask = _DomainSafeDivide().__call__(self._data, other_data)
other_mask = getmask(other)
new_mask = mask_or(other_mask, dom_mask)
# The following 3 lines control the domain filling
if dom_mask.any():
(_, fval) = ufunc_fills[np.true_divide]
other_data = np.where(dom_mask, fval, other_data)
self._mask |= new_mask
self._data.__itruediv__(np.where(self._mask, self.dtype.type(1),
other_data))
return self
Example 15
def _entropy(self, y, return_class_counts=False):
""" Entropy for the classes in the array y
:math: \sum_{x \in X} p(x) \log_{2}(1/p(x)) :math: from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID3_algorithm
Parameters
----------
y : nparray of shape [n remaining attributes]
containing the class names
Returns
-------
: float
information for remaining examples given feature
"""
n = y.shape[0]
if n <= 0:
return 0
classes, count = unique(y)
p = np.true_divide(count, n)
res = np.abs(np.sum(np.multiply(p, np.log2(p))))
if return_class_counts:
return res, np.vstack((classes, count)).T
else:
return res
Example 16
def _info_nominal(self, x, y):
""" Info for nominal feature feature_values
:math: p(a)H(a) :math: from
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ID3_algorithm
Parameters
----------
x : np.array of shape [n remaining examples]
containing feature values
y : np.array of shape [n remaining examples]
containing relevent class
Returns
-------
: float
information for remaining examples given feature
"""
info = 0
n = x.shape[0]
items, count = unique(x)
for value, p in zip(items, count):
info += p * self._entropy(y[x == value])
return CalcRecord(CalcRecord.NOM,
info * np.true_divide(1, n),
attribute_counts=count)
Example 17
def bilinearResize(images, ratiox, ratioy):
'''
images: 4D image batch
ratiox, ratioy: magnification ratio. Positive integer.
'''
b, h, w, c = [v.value for v in images.get_shape()]
sidex = 2 * ratiox - 1
sidey = 2 * ratioy - 1
interpolatex = np.true_divide((ratiox - np.abs(np.arange(sidex) - ratiox + 1)), ratiox)
interpolatey = np.true_divide((ratioy - np.abs(np.arange(sidey) - ratioy + 1)), ratioy)
weight = np.outer(interpolatex, interpolatey).astype(np.float32)
weights = np.zeros((sidex,sidey,c,c), dtype=np.float32)
for i in range(c):
weights[:,:,i,i] = weight
out_shape = [b, h*ratiox, w*ratioy, c]
strides = [1, ratiox, ratioy, 1]
kernel = tf.constant(weights, name='bilinear_convt_weights')
return tf.nn.conv2d_transpose(images, weights,
out_shape, strides=strides, padding='SAME')
Example 18
def test_cumsum(mock_np, arr, normalize, expected_result):
mock_np.cumsum = mock.Mock(side_effect = lambda *a, **k: np.cumsum(*a, **k))
mock_np.square = mock.Mock(side_effect = lambda *a, **k: np.square(*a, **k))
mock_np.max = mock.Mock(side_effect = lambda *a, **k: np.max(*a, **k))
# mock_np.true_divide = mock.Mock(side_effect = lambda *a, **k: np.true_divide(*a, **k))
mock_np.isnan = mock.Mock(side_effect = lambda *a, **k: np.isnan(*a, **k))
r = cumsum(arr, normalize=normalize)
assert len(r) == len(arr)
assert (r == np.array(expected_result)).all()
assert mock_np.cumsum.called
assert mock_np.square.called
assert mock_np.isnan.called == normalize
assert mock_np.max.called == normalize
# if normalize:
# assert mock_np.isnan.called
# assert mock_np.max.called
# assert mock_np.true_divide.called
# else:
# assert not mock_np.max.called
# assert not mock_np.true_divide.called
Example 19
def Quadrify(contour):
epsilon = 10
for i in range(1,10):
quad = cv2.approxPolyDP(contour, epsilon, True)
length = len(quad)
randomVar = np.random.random()
epsilon = np.multiply(epsilon, np.true_divide(np.add(length, randomVar), np.add(4, randomVar)))
# print epsilon, length
if length == 4:
return np.multiply(i, 0.01)
return 1
Example 20
def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
# See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
# related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
binary_funcs = [
np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor, np.maximum,
np.minimum, np.mod
]
# These functions still return NotImplemented. Will be fixed in
# future.
# bad = [np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.not_equal]
a = np.array('1')
b = 1
for f in binary_funcs:
assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b)
Example 21
def test_true_divide(self):
# True_divide has a non uniform signature, see #3484.
# This also tests type_tuple_type_resolver.
a = np.full(5, 12.5)
b = np.full(5, 10.0)
tgt = np.full(5, 1.25)
assert_almost_equal(np.true_divide(a, b, dtype=np.float64), tgt)
assert_almost_equal(np.true_divide(a, b, dtype=np.float32), tgt)
assert_raises(TypeError, np.true_divide, a, b, dtype=np.int)
Example 22
def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
# See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
# related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
binary_funcs = [
np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor, np.maximum,
np.minimum, np.mod
]
# These functions still return NotImplemented. Will be fixed in
# future.
# bad = [np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.not_equal]
a = np.array('1')
b = 1
for f in binary_funcs:
assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b)
Example 23
def _hist_bin_doane(x):
"""
Doane's histogram bin estimator.
Improved version of Sturges' formula which works better for
non-normal data. See
http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/55134/doanes-formula-for-histogram-binning
Parameters
----------
x : array_like
Input data that is to be histogrammed, trimmed to range. May not
be empty.
Returns
-------
h : An estimate of the optimal bin width for the given data.
"""
if x.size > 2:
sg1 = np.sqrt(6.0 * (x.size - 2) / ((x.size + 1.0) * (x.size + 3)))
sigma = np.std(x)
if sigma > 0.0:
# These three operations add up to
# g1 = np.mean(((x - np.mean(x)) / sigma)**3)
# but use only one temp array instead of three
temp = x - np.mean(x)
np.true_divide(temp, sigma, temp)
np.power(temp, 3, temp)
g1 = np.mean(temp)
return x.ptp() / (1.0 + np.log2(x.size) +
np.log2(1.0 + np.absolute(g1) / sg1))
return 0.0
Example 24
def __truediv__(self, other):
"""
Divide other into self, and return a new masked array.
"""
if self._delegate_binop(other):
return NotImplemented
return true_divide(self, other)
Example 25
def __rtruediv__(self, other):
"""
Divide self into other, and return a new masked array.
"""
return true_divide(other, self)
Example 26
def divide(x, y):
with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
z = np.true_divide(x, y)
z[~ np.isfinite(z)] = 0
return z
Example 27
def __truediv__(self, other):
return true_divide(self, other)
Example 28
def __itruediv__(self, other):
return true_divide(self, other, self)
Example 29
def __rtruediv__(self, other):
return true_divide(other, self)
Example 30
def div0(a, b):
""" ignore / 0, div0( [-1, 0, 1], 0 ) -> [0, 0, 0] """
with np.errstate(divide='ignore', invalid='ignore'):
c = np.true_divide(a, b)
c[~np.isfinite(c)] = 0 # -inf inf NaN
return c
Example 31
def fullness(self):
potential_leaves = np.prod(np.ceil(np.true_divide(self.bounds[1] - self.bounds[0], self.leaf_shape)))
return self.root_node.count_leaves() / float(potential_leaves)
Example 32
def test_true_divide(self):
# True_divide has a non uniform signature, see #3484.
# This also tests type_tuple_type_resolver.
a = np.full(5, 12.5)
b = np.full(5, 10.0)
tgt = np.full(5, 1.25)
assert_almost_equal(np.true_divide(a, b, dtype=np.float64), tgt)
assert_almost_equal(np.true_divide(a, b, dtype=np.float32), tgt)
assert_raises(TypeError, np.true_divide, a, b, dtype=np.int)
Example 33
def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
# See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
# related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
binary_funcs = [
np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor, np.maximum,
np.minimum, np.mod
]
# These functions still return NotImplemented. Will be fixed in
# future.
# bad = [np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.not_equal]
a = np.array('1')
b = 1
for f in binary_funcs:
assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b)
Example 34
def _hist_bin_doane(x):
"""
Doane's histogram bin estimator.
Improved version of Sturges' formula which works better for
non-normal data. See
http://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/55134/doanes-formula-for-histogram-binning
Parameters
----------
x : array_like
Input data that is to be histogrammed, trimmed to range. May not
be empty.
Returns
-------
h : An estimate of the optimal bin width for the given data.
"""
if x.size > 2:
sg1 = np.sqrt(6.0 * (x.size - 2) / ((x.size + 1.0) * (x.size + 3)))
sigma = np.std(x)
if sigma > 0.0:
# These three operations add up to
# g1 = np.mean(((x - np.mean(x)) / sigma)**3)
# but use only one temp array instead of three
temp = x - np.mean(x)
np.true_divide(temp, sigma, temp)
np.power(temp, 3, temp)
g1 = np.mean(temp)
return x.ptp() / (1.0 + np.log2(x.size) +
np.log2(1.0 + np.absolute(g1) / sg1))
return 0.0
Example 35
def __truediv__(self, other):
"""
Divide other into self, and return a new masked array.
"""
if self._delegate_binop(other):
return NotImplemented
return true_divide(self, other)
Example 36
def __rtruediv__(self, other):
"""
Divide self into other, and return a new masked array.
"""
return true_divide(other, self)
Example 37
def __itruediv__(self, other):
""" See __div__. """
oth = sanitize_units_mul(self, other)
np.true_divide(self, oth, out=self)
return self
Example 38
def one_shot_classification(test_data, num_shots, num_classes, compute_similarities, k_neighbours=1,
num_episodes=10000):
data_shape = np.prod(test_data[0][0].shape)
episode_length = num_shots * num_classes + 1
batch = np.zeros([num_classes, episode_length, data_shape], dtype=np.float32)
accuracy = 0.
votes = np.zeros(num_classes)
for episode in xrange(num_episodes):
classes = np.random.choice(test_data.shape[0], num_classes, False)
classes_idx = np.repeat(classes[:, np.newaxis], num_shots, 1).flatten()
idx = []
for k in xrange(num_classes):
idx.append(np.random.choice(test_data.shape[1], num_shots + 1, False))
idx = np.vstack(idx)
y = np.repeat(np.arange(num_classes)[:, np.newaxis], num_shots, 1).flatten()
# print batch[:, :-1, :].shape, idx[:, :-1].flatten().shape
batch[:, :-1, :] = test_data[classes_idx, idx[:, :-1].flatten(), :]
batch[:, -1, :] = test_data[classes, idx[:, -1].flatten(), :]
# np.true_divide(batch, 255., out=batch, casting='unsafe')
# sim[i, j] -- similarity between batch[i, -1] and batch[i, j]
sim = compute_similarities(batch)
for k in xrange(num_classes):
votes[:] = 0.
nearest = sim[k].argsort()[-k_neighbours:]
for j in nearest:
votes[y[j]] += sim[k, j]
y_hat = votes.argmax()
if y_hat == k:
accuracy += 1
status = 'episode: %d, accuracy: %f' % (episode, accuracy / num_classes / (episode + 1))
sys.stdout.write('\r' + status)
sys.stdout.flush()
return accuracy / num_episodes / num_classes
Example 39
def load_data(path):
raw_data = np.load(path)
data = []
min_size = min([raw_data[f].shape[0] for f in raw_data.files])
max_value = max([raw_data[f].max() for f in raw_data.files])
for cl in raw_data.files:
class_data = raw_data[cl][:min_size]
class_data = class_data.reshape(min_size, np.prod(class_data.shape[1:]))
np.true_divide(class_data, max_value, out=class_data, casting='unsafe')
# reverse_data = class_data.copy()
# reverse_data[class_data > 0.] = 0.
# reverse_data[class_data <= 0.95] = 1.
# data.append(reverse_data[None, :, :])
data.append(class_data[None, :, :])
return np.concatenate(data, axis=0)
Example 40
def _prepare_network_input(self, states):
""" Normalizes the states from one minibatch.
Args:
states (numpy.ndarray): Mini-batch of states, shape=(batch_size,sequence_length,frame_width,frame_height)
Returns:
normalized_states (numpy.ndarray): State values divided by the maximim state value, shape=(batch_size,sequence_length,frame_width,frame_height)
"""
_logger.debug("Normalizing input")
return np.true_divide(states, self.grayscales)
Example 41
def prod_all_but_j(vector):
""" returns a vector where the jth term is the product of all the entries except the jth one """
zeros = np.where(vector==0)[0]
if len(zeros) > 1:
return np.zeros(len(vector))
if len(zeros) == 1:
result = np.zeros(len(vector))
j = zeros[0]
result[j] = np.prod(vector[np.arange(len(vector)) != j])
return result
joint = np.prod(vector)
return np.true_divide(joint,vector)
Example 42
def R(self,pa,eta):
""" returns the ratio of the probability of the given assignment under each action to the probability under the eta weighted sum of actions. """
Q = (eta*pa).sum()
ratio = np.true_divide(pa,Q)
ratio[np.isnan(ratio)] = 0 # we get nan when 0/0 but should just be 0 in this case
return ratio
Example 43
def V(self,eta):
""" returns a vector of length K with the expected value of R (over x sampled from p(x|a)) for each action a """
#with np.errstate(divide='ignore'):
u = np.true_divide(1.0,np.dot(self.A,eta))
u = np.nan_to_num(u) # converts infinities to very large numbers such that multiplying by 0 gives 0
v = np.dot(self.A2T,u)
return v
Example 44
def P(self,x):
""" calculate vector of P_a for each action a """
indx = np.arange(len(x))
ps = self.pX[x,indx] #probability of P(X_i = x_i) for each i given do()
joint = ps.prod() # probability of x given do()
pi = np.true_divide(joint,ps) # will be nan for elements for which ps is 0
for j in np.where(np.isnan(pi))[0]:
pi[j] = np.prod(ps[indx != j])
pij = np.vstack((pi,pi))
pij[1-x,indx] = 0 # now this is the probability of x given do(x_i=j)
pij = pij.reshape((len(x)*2,)) #flatten first N-1 will be px=0,2nd px=1
result = np.hstack((pij,joint))
return result
Example 45
def estimate_infrequent(self,h):
qij_hat = np.true_divide(self.trials,h)
s_indx = np.argsort(qij_hat) #indexes of elements from s in sorted(s)
m_hat = Parallel.calculate_m(qij_hat[s_indx])
infrequent = s_indx[0:m_hat]
return infrequent
Example 46
def run(self,T,model):
self.trials = np.full(model.K,2,dtype=int)
self.success = np.full(model.K,1,dtype=int)
for t in xrange(T):
fails = self.trials - self.success
theta = np.random.beta(self.success,fails)
arm = argmax_rand(theta)
self.trials[arm] +=1
self.success[arm]+= model.sample_multiple(arm,1)
mu = np.true_divide(self.success,self.trials)
self.best_action = argmax_rand(mu)
return max(model.expected_rewards) - model.expected_rewards[self.best_action]
Example 47
def upper_bound(self,t):
mu = np.true_divide(self.success,self.trials)
interval = np.sqrt(self.alpha*np.log(t)/(2.0*self.trials))
return mu+interval
Example 48
def allocate(self,T,K):
logK = .5 + np.true_divide(1,range(2,K+1)).sum()
n = np.zeros((K),dtype=int)
n[1:] = np.ceil((1.0/logK)*np.true_divide((T - K),range(K,1,-1)))
allocations = np.diff(n)
return allocations
Example 49
def run(self,T,model):
self.trials = np.zeros(model.K)
self.success = np.zeros(model.K)
for t in xrange(T):
x,y = model.sample(model.K-1)
xij = np.hstack((1-x,x,1)) # first N actions represent x_i = 0,2nd N x_i=1, last do()
self.trials += xij
self.success += y*xij
self.u = np.true_divide(self.success,self.trials)
self.best_action = argmax_rand(self.u)
return max(model.expected_rewards) - model.expected_rewards[self.best_action]
Example 50
def run(self,T,model):
trials_per_action = T/model.K
success = model.sample_multiple(range(model.K),trials_per_action)
self.u = np.true_divide(success,trials_per_action)
self.best_action = argmax_rand(self.u)
return max(model.expected_rewards) - model.expected_rewards[self.best_action]
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