Api网关服务SrpingCloud之Zuul

网关作用

网关可以拦截客户端所有请求，对该请求进行权限控制、负载均衡、路由转发、日志、监控等。

网关与过滤器区别

• 网关是拦截所有服务器请求进行控制

• 过滤器拦截某单个服务器请求进行控制

Nginx与Zuul的区别

相同点：

• Zuul和Nginx都可以实现负载均衡、反向代理、过滤请求、实现网关效果

不同点：

• Nginx是采用服务器负载均衡进行转发

• Nginx采用C语言编写

• Nginx适合于服务器端负载均衡

• Zuul依赖Ribbon和eureka实现本地负载均衡转发

• 使用java语言编写

• Zuul适合微服务中实现网关

建议最好使用Nginx+Zuul实现网关，Nginx实现反向代理，Zuul实现网关拦截。

项目搭建

搭建Eureka注册中心

1、pom文件引入

    <!-- 管理依赖 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.M7</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <!--SpringCloud eureka-server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <!-- 注意： 这里必须要添加， 否者各种依赖有问题 -->
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

2、配置文件

server:
  port: 8100
eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: 127.0.0.1
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
    register-with-eureka: false
    fetch-registry: false

3、启动项

@SpringBootApplication
// @EnableEurekaServer 表示开启EurekaServer服务 开启注册中心
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

搭建会员服务

1、pom文件引入

    <!-- 管理依赖 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.M7</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合eureka客户端 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <!-- 注意： 这里必须要添加， 否者各种依赖有问题 -->
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

2、配置文件

###服务启动端口号
server:
  port: 8030
###服务名称(服务注册到eureka名称)
spring:
  application:
    name: app-lun-member
###服务注册到eureka地址
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true

3、启动项

@RestController
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class AppLunMemberApplication {
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;
    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index() {
        return "我是member会员服务" + serverPort;
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppLunMemberApplication.class, args);
    }
}

搭建订单服务

1、pom文件引入

    <!-- 管理依赖 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.M7</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合eureka客户端 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <!-- 注意： 这里必须要添加， 否者各种依赖有问题 -->
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

2、配置文件

###服务启动端口号
server:
  port: 8020
###服务名称(服务注册到eureka名称)
spring:
  application:
    name: app-lun-order
###服务注册到eureka地址
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka
    register-with-eureka: true
    fetch-registry: true

3、启动项

@RestController
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class AppLunOrderApplication {
    @RequestMapping("/")
    public String index() {
        return "我是订单服务项目";
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AppLunOrderApplication.class, args);
    }
}

搭建Zuul服务

1、pom文件引入

    <!-- 管理依赖 -->
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.M7</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- SpringBoot整合eureka客户端 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <!-- 注意： 这里必须要添加， 否者各种依赖有问题 -->
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-milestones</id>
            <name>Spring Milestones</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

2、配置文件

###注册 中心
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8100/eureka/
server:
  port: 80
###网关名称
spring:
  application:
    name: service-zuul
### 配置网关反向代理
zuul:
  routes:
    api-a:
      ### 当客户端发送请求127.0.0.1:80/api-member开头的都会转发到会员服务
      ### 以 /api-member/访问转发到会员服务
      path: /api-member/**
      serviceId: app-lun-member
    api-b:
      ### 以 /api-order/访问转发到订单服务
      path: /api-order/**
      serviceId: app-lun-order

3、启动项

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableZuulProxy
public class ZuulApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ZuulApplication.class, args);
    }
}

注意：Zuul 默认开启了 Ribbon本地负载均衡功能

4、直接访问服务别名，Zuul实现反向代理，转发到会员服务。

访问127.0.0.1/api-member