Piggy-Bank（完全背包）

Piggy-Bank

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 10000K
Total Submissions: 6515		Accepted: 3133

Description

Before ACM can do anything, a budget must be prepared and the necessary financial support obtained. The main income for this action comes from Irreversibly Bound Money (IBM). The idea behind is simple. Whenever some ACM member has any small money, he takes all the coins and throws them into a piggy-bank. You know that this process is irreversible, the coins cannot be removed without breaking the pig. After a sufficiently long time, there should be enough cash in the piggy-bank to pay everything that needs to be paid. 

But there is a big problem with piggy-banks. It is not possible to determine how much money is inside. So we might break the pig into pieces only to find out that there is not enough money. Clearly, we want to avoid this unpleasant situation. The only possibility is to weigh the piggy-bank and try to guess how many coins are inside. Assume that we are able to determine the weight of the pig exactly and that we know the weights of all coins of a given currency. Then there is some minimum amount of money in the piggy-bank that we can guarantee. Your task is to find out this worst case and determine the minimum amount of cash inside the piggy-bank. We need your help. No more prematurely broken pigs! 

Input

The input consists of T test cases. The number of them (T) is given on the first line of the input file. Each test case begins with a line containing two integers E and F. They indicate the weight of an empty pig and of the pig filled with coins. Both weights are given in grams. No pig will weigh more than 10 kg, that means 1 <= E <= F <= 10000. On the second line of each test case, there is an integer number N (1 <= N <= 500) that gives the number of various coins used in the given currency. Following this are exactly N lines, each specifying one coin type. These lines contain two integers each, Pand W (1 <= P <= 50000, 1 <= W <=10000). P is the value of the coin in monetary units, W is it's weight in grams.

Output

Print exactly one line of output for each test case. The line must contain the sentence "The minimum amount of money in the piggy-bank is X." where X is the minimum amount of money that can be achieved using coins with the given total weight. If the weight cannot be reached exactly, print a line "This is impossible.".

Sample Input

3
10 110
2
1 1
30 50
10 110
2
1 1
50 30
1 6
2
10 3
20 4

Sample Output

The minimum amount of money in the piggy-bank is 60.
The minimum amount of money in the piggy-bank is 100.
This is impossible.

 

    题意：

    给出T个case，每个case首先有E（净重）（0到10000），F（净重+币重量）（0到10000）。给出N（1到500）种币，然后给出每种币的W重量（1到10000）和P钱数（1到50000）。求刚好满足凑到净硬币重量的时候，最小钱币是多少，如果无论如何凑不齐，则输出This is impossible.。

   

    思路：

    完全背包问题。求最小值。且需要刚好满包，所以初始值设为INF。

 

    AC：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define INF 1000000
int n[505],dp[20000];
int mon[505],wei[505];

int main()
{
	int t;
	scanf("%d",&t);
	while(t--)
	{
	    int e,f,sum,n;
	    scanf("%d%d",&e,&f);
	    sum=f-e;    //净重
            scanf("%d",&n);
	    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		  scanf("%d%d",&mon[i],&wei[i]);
	    dp[0]=0;
	    for(int i=1;i<=20000;i++)
		  dp[i]=INF;   //初始值，求最小值，设正无穷
	    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
	      for(int j=0;j<=sum;j++)
		  if(j>=wei[i])    //完全背包，也可以直接写成for（int j=wei[i];j<=sum;j++）
		  dp[j]=(dp[j]>dp[j-wei[i]]+mon[i]?dp[j-wei[i]]+mon[i]:dp[j]);
	    if(dp[sum]==INF) printf("This is impossible.\n");  //注意判断条件
	    else printf("The minimum amount of money in the piggy-bank is %d.\n",dp[sum]);
	}
	return 0;
}

 

    扩展：

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#define INF 1000000
int n[505],dp[20000];
int mon[505],wei[505];

int main()
{
	int t;
	scanf("%d",&t);
	while(t--)
	{
	    int e,f,sum,n;
	    scanf("%d%d",&e,&f);
	    sum=f-e;
	    scanf("%d",&n);
	    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
		  scanf("%d%d",&mon[i],&wei[i]);
	    dp[0]=0;
	    for(int i=1;i<=20000;i++)
		  dp[i]=-INF;  //求最大值，设为负无穷
	    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
	     for(int j=0;j<=sum;j++)
		  if(j>=wei[i])
		  dp[j]=(dp[j]>dp[j-wei[i]]+mon[i]?dp[j]:dp[j-wei[i]]+mon[i]);
	    if(dp[sum]<0) printf("This is impossible.\n");   //判断条件不同
	    else printf("The max amount of money in the piggy-bank is %d.\n",dp[sum]);
	}
	return 0;
}

  

    总结：

    需要用心理解。