java 线程执行原理，java线程在jvm中执行流程

java 线程执行原理，java线程在jvm中执行流程

从jvm视角看java线程执行过程

##首先thread.c注册jni函数

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
Java_java_lang_Thread_registerNatives(JNIEnv *env, jclass cls)
{
    (*env)->RegisterNatives(env, cls, methods, ARRAY_LENGTH(methods));
}

static JNINativeMethod methods[] = {
    {"start0",           "()V",        (void *)&JVM_StartThread},
    {"stop0",            "(" OBJ ")V", (void *)&JVM_StopThread},
    {"isAlive",          "()Z",        (void *)&JVM_IsThreadAlive},
    {"suspend0",         "()V",        (void *)&JVM_SuspendThread},
    {"resume0",          "()V",        (void *)&JVM_ResumeThread},
    {"setPriority0",     "(I)V",       (void *)&JVM_SetThreadPriority},
    {"yield",            "()V",        (void *)&JVM_Yield},
    {"sleep",            "(J)V",       (void *)&JVM_Sleep},
    {"currentThread",    "()" THD,     (void *)&JVM_CurrentThread},
    {"countStackFrames", "()I",        (void *)&JVM_CountStackFrames},
    {"interrupt0",       "()V",        (void *)&JVM_Interrupt},
    {"isInterrupted",    "(Z)Z",       (void *)&JVM_IsInterrupted},
    {"holdsLock",        "(" OBJ ")Z", (void *)&JVM_HoldsLock},
    {"getThreads",        "()[" THD,   (void *)&JVM_GetAllThreads},
    {"dumpThreads",      "([" THD ")[[" STE, (void *)&JVM_DumpThreads},
    {"setNativeName",    "(" STR ")V", (void *)&JVM_SetNativeThreadName},
};

##java Thread.java类start0 调用jni native方法

private native void start0();

##start0 调用jvm.cpp执行JVM_StartThread方法

JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_StartThread(JNIEnv* env, jobject jthread))
  JVMWrapper("JVM_StartThread");
  JavaThread *native_thread = NULL;

  // We cannot hold the Threads_lock when we throw an exception,
  // due to rank ordering issues. Example:  we might need to grab the
  // Heap_lock while we construct the exception.
  bool throw_illegal_thread_state = false;

  // We must release the Threads_lock before we can post a jvmti event
  // in Thread::start.
  {
    // Ensure that the C++ Thread and OSThread structures aren't freed before
    // we operate.
    MutexLocker mu(Threads_lock);

    // Since JDK 5 the java.lang.Thread threadStatus is used to prevent
    // re-starting an already started thread, so we should usually find
    // that the JavaThread is null. However for a JNI attached thread
    // there is a small window between the Thread object being created
    // (with its JavaThread set) and the update to its threadStatus, so we
    // have to check for this
    if (java_lang_Thread::thread(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread)) != NULL) {
      throw_illegal_thread_state = true;
    } else {
      // We could also check the stillborn flag to see if this thread was already stopped, but
      // for historical reasons we let the thread detect that itself when it starts running

      jlong size =
             java_lang_Thread::stackSize(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread));
      // Allocate the C++ Thread structure and create the native thread.  The
      // stack size retrieved from java is 64-bit signed, but the constructor takes
      // size_t (an unsigned type), which may be 32 or 64-bit depending on the platform.
      //  - Avoid truncating on 32-bit platforms if size is greater than UINT_MAX.
      //  - Avoid passing negative values which would result in really large stacks.
      NOT_LP64(if (size > SIZE_MAX) size = SIZE_MAX;)
      size_t sz = size > 0 ? (size_t) size : 0;
      native_thread = new JavaThread(&thread_entry, sz);

      // At this point it may be possible that no osthread was created for the
      // JavaThread due to lack of memory. Check for this situation and throw
      // an exception if necessary. Eventually we may want to change this so
      // that we only grab the lock if the thread was created successfully -
      // then we can also do this check and throw the exception in the
      // JavaThread constructor.
      if (native_thread->osthread() != NULL) {
        // Note: the current thread is not being used within "prepare".
        native_thread->prepare(jthread);
      }
    }
  }

  if (throw_illegal_thread_state) {
    THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_IllegalThreadStateException());
  }

  assert(native_thread != NULL, "Starting null thread?");

  if (native_thread->osthread() == NULL) {
    ResourceMark rm(thread);
    log_warning(os, thread)("Failed to start the native thread for java.lang.Thread \"%s\"",
                            JavaThread::name_for(JNIHandles::resolve_non_null(jthread)));
    // No one should hold a reference to the 'native_thread'.
    native_thread->smr_delete();
    if (JvmtiExport::should_post_resource_exhausted()) {
      JvmtiExport::post_resource_exhausted(
        JVMTI_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_OOM_ERROR | JVMTI_RESOURCE_EXHAUSTED_THREADS,
        os::native_thread_creation_failed_msg());
    }
    THROW_MSG(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(),
              os::native_thread_creation_failed_msg());
  }

#if INCLUDE_JFR
  if (JfrRecorder::is_recording() && EventThreadStart::is_enabled() &&
      EventThreadStart::is_stacktrace_enabled()) {
    JfrThreadLocal* tl = native_thread->jfr_thread_local();
    // skip Thread.start() and Thread.start0()
    tl->set_cached_stack_trace_id(JfrStackTraceRepository::record(thread, 2));
  }
#endif

  Thread::start(native_thread);

JVM_END

##创建线程

native_thread = new JavaThread(&thread_entry, sz);

##系统调用创建线程 os::create_thread(this, thr_type, stack_sz);

ret = pthread_create(&tid, &attr, (void* (*)(void*)) thread_native_entry, thread);

JavaThread::JavaThread(ThreadFunction entry_point, size_t stack_sz) :
                       Thread() {
  initialize();
  _jni_attach_state = _not_attaching_via_jni;
  set_entry_point(entry_point);
  // Create the native thread itself.
  // %note runtime_23
  os::ThreadType thr_type = os::java_thread;
  thr_type = entry_point == &compiler_thread_entry ? os::compiler_thread :
                                                     os::java_thread;
  os::create_thread(this, thr_type, stack_sz);
  // The _osthread may be NULL here because we ran out of memory (too many threads active).
  // We need to throw and OutOfMemoryError - however we cannot do this here because the caller
  // may hold a lock and all locks must be unlocked before throwing the exception (throwing
  // the exception consists of creating the exception object & initializing it, initialization
  // will leave the VM via a JavaCall and then all locks must be unlocked).
  //
  // The thread is still suspended when we reach here. Thread must be explicit started
  // by creator! Furthermore, the thread must also explicitly be added to the Threads list
  // by calling Threads:add. The reason why this is not done here, is because the thread
  // object must be fully initialized (take a look at JVM_Start)
}

bool os::create_thread(Thread* thread, ThreadType thr_type,
                       size_t req_stack_size) {

  assert(thread->osthread() == NULL, "caller responsible");

  // Allocate the OSThread object.
  OSThread* osthread = new OSThread(NULL, NULL);
  if (osthread == NULL) {
    return false;
  }

  // Set the correct thread state.
  osthread->set_thread_type(thr_type);

  // Initial state is ALLOCATED but not INITIALIZED
  osthread->set_state(ALLOCATED);

  thread->set_osthread(osthread);

  // Init thread attributes.
  pthread_attr_t attr;
  pthread_attr_init(&attr);
  guarantee(pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED) == 0, "???");

  // Make sure we run in 1:1 kernel-user-thread mode.
  if (os::Aix::on_aix()) {
    guarantee(pthread_attr_setscope(&attr, PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM) == 0, "???");
    guarantee(pthread_attr_setinheritsched(&attr, PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED) == 0, "???");
  }

  // Start in suspended state, and in os::thread_start, wake the thread up.
  guarantee(pthread_attr_setsuspendstate_np(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_SUSPENDED_NP) == 0, "???");

  // Calculate stack size if it's not specified by caller.
  size_t stack_size = os::Posix::get_initial_stack_size(thr_type, req_stack_size);

  // JDK-8187028: It was observed that on some configurations (4K backed thread stacks)
  // the real thread stack size may be smaller than the requested stack size, by as much as 64K.
  // This very much looks like a pthread lib error. As a workaround, increase the stack size
  // by 64K for small thread stacks (arbitrarily choosen to be < 4MB)
  if (stack_size < 4096 * K) {
    stack_size += 64 * K;
  }

  // On Aix, pthread_attr_setstacksize fails with huge values and leaves the
  // thread size in attr unchanged. If this is the minimal stack size as set
  // by pthread_attr_init this leads to crashes after thread creation. E.g. the
  // guard pages might not fit on the tiny stack created.
  int ret = pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, stack_size);
  if (ret != 0) {
    log_warning(os, thread)("The %sthread stack size specified is invalid: " SIZE_FORMAT "k",
                            (thr_type == compiler_thread) ? "compiler " : ((thr_type == java_thread) ? "" : "VM "),
                            stack_size / K);
    thread->set_osthread(NULL);
    delete osthread;
    return false;
  }

  // Save some cycles and a page by disabling OS guard pages where we have our own
  // VM guard pages (in java threads). For other threads, keep system default guard
  // pages in place.
  if (thr_type == java_thread || thr_type == compiler_thread) {
    ret = pthread_attr_setguardsize(&attr, 0);
  }

  ResourceMark rm;
  pthread_t tid = 0;

  if (ret == 0) {
    int limit = 3;
    do {
      ret = pthread_create(&tid, &attr, (void* (*)(void*)) thread_native_entry, thread);
    } while (ret == EAGAIN && limit-- > 0);
  }

  if (ret == 0) {
    char buf[64];
    log_info(os, thread)("Thread \"%s\" started (pthread id: " UINTX_FORMAT ", attributes: %s). ",
                         thread->name(), (uintx) tid, os::Posix::describe_pthread_attr(buf, sizeof(buf), &attr));
  } else {
    char buf[64];
    log_warning(os, thread)("Failed to start thread \"%s\" - pthread_create failed (%d=%s) for attributes: %s.",
                            thread->name(), ret, os::errno_name(ret), os::Posix::describe_pthread_attr(buf, sizeof(buf), &attr));
    // Log some OS information which might explain why creating the thread failed.
    log_info(os, thread)("Number of threads approx. running in the VM: %d", Threads::number_of_threads());
    LogStream st(Log(os, thread)::info());
    os::Posix::print_rlimit_info(&st);
    os::print_memory_info(&st);
  }

  pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);

  if (ret != 0) {
    // Need to clean up stuff we've allocated so far.
    thread->set_osthread(NULL);
    delete osthread;
    return false;
  }

  // OSThread::thread_id is the pthread id.
  osthread->set_thread_id(tid);

  return true;
}

##通过函数回调thread_entry方法

native_thread = new JavaThread(&thread_entry, sz);

static void thread_entry(JavaThread* thread, TRAPS) {
  HandleMark hm(THREAD);
  Handle obj(THREAD, thread->threadObj());
  JavaValue result(T_VOID);
  JavaCalls::call_virtual(&result,
                          obj,
                          SystemDictionary::Thread_klass(),
                          vmSymbols::run_method_name(),
                          vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
                          THREAD);
}

##call_virtual 执行java run方法