1，stm32的I2C总线既可以作为主模式也可以作为从模式
作为主模式和作为从模式在CUBE中的配置是一样的，只是i2c设备的地址不一样
Timing是时序，是在配置的时候生成的，不需要修改
当总线的频率设置为100KHZ的时候，rise time 和fall time 要设置为100ns
ownAddress就是指的i2c总线的设备地址，该地址可以选择7bit 或者10bit
2，测试的时候使用两块开发板，一块作为master另一块作为slave，主机向从机发送"I2C"，当从机收到之后然后发给主机，主机收到之后才能向下运行，然后循环打印收到的内容。
主机代码如下：
/**
******************************************************************************
* File Name : main.c
* Description : Main program body
******************************************************************************
*
* COPYRIGHT(c) 2017 STMicroelectronics
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
* SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32f0xx_hal.h"
//#include "stm32f1xx_hal_usart.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
I2C_HandleTypeDef hi2c1;
UART_HandleTypeDef huart1;
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
void Error_Handler(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_I2C1_Init(void);
static void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
uint8_t buffer_receive[20] = {0};
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_USART1_UART_Init();
MX_I2C1_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
while(HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c1, 0x0B, (uint8_t *)&"I2C", 3, 100) != HAL_OK)
{
}
while(HAL_I2C_Master_Receive(&hi2c1, 0x0B, &buffer_receive[0], 3, 100) != HAL_OK)
{
}
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
if(buffer_receive[0] == 'I' && buffer_receive[1] == '2' && buffer_receive[2] == 'C')
{
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, buffer_receive, 3, 100);
HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart1, (uint8_t *)&"\n", 1, 100);
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/** System Clock Configuration
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit;
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = 16;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL12;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PREDIV = RCC_PREDIV_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_I2C1;
PeriphClkInit.I2c1ClockSelection = RCC_I2C1CLKSOURCE_HSI;
if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/**Configure the Systick interrupt time
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()/1000);
/**Configure the Systick
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_CLKSourceConfig(SYSTICK_CLKSOURCE_HCLK);
/* SysTick_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0, 0);
}
/* I2C1 init function */
static void MX_I2C1_Init(void)
{
hi2c1.Instance = I2C1;
hi2c1.Init.Timing = 0x00201D2B;
hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0x0A;
hi2c1.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
hi2c1.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0xFF;
hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2Masks = I2C_OA2_NOMASK;
hi2c1.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
hi2c1.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/**Configure Analogue filter
*/
if (HAL_I2CEx_ConfigAnalogFilter(&hi2c1, I2C_ANALOGFILTER_ENABLE) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/** Configure pins as
* Analog
* Input
* Output
* EVENT_OUT
* EXTI
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_USART1_CLK_ENABLE();
/**USART1 GPIO Configuration
PA9 ------> USART1_TX
PA10 ------> USART1_RX
*/
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_9;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_NOPULL;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStruct);
/* USER CODE BEGIN USART1_MspInit 1 */
/* USER CODE END USART1_MspInit 1 */
}
void MX_USART1_UART_Init(void)
{
huart1.Instance = USART1;
huart1.Init.BaudRate = 9600;
huart1.Init.WordLength = UART_WORDLENGTH_8B;
huart1.Init.StopBits = UART_STOPBITS_1;
huart1.Init.Parity = UART_PARITY_NONE;
huart1.Init.Mode = UART_MODE_TX_RX;
huart1.Init.HwFlowCtl = UART_HWCONTROL_NONE;
huart1.Init.OverSampling = UART_OVERSAMPLING_16;
if (HAL_UART_Init(&huart1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
while(1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif
/**
* @}
*/
/**
* @}
*/
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/从机代码如下：
/**
******************************************************************************
* File Name : main.c
* Description : Main program body
******************************************************************************
*
* COPYRIGHT(c) 2017 STMicroelectronics
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
* are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
* this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
* and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
* 3. Neither the name of STMicroelectronics nor the names of its contributors
* may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
* without specific prior written permission.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
* DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
* FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
* DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
* SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
* CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
* OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
* OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "stm32f0xx_hal.h"
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
I2C_HandleTypeDef hi2c1;
/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE END PV */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
void Error_Handler(void);
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void);
static void MX_I2C1_Init(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE END PFP */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */
/* USER CODE END 0 */
static uint8_t buffer[20] = {0};
int main(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */
/* USER CODE END 1 */
/* MCU Configuration----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
HAL_Init();
/* Configure the system clock */
SystemClock_Config();
/* Initialize all configured peripherals */
MX_GPIO_Init();
MX_I2C1_Init();
/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
while(HAL_I2C_Slave_Receive(&hi2c1, buffer, 3, 100) != HAL_OK)
{
}
while(HAL_I2C_Slave_Transmit(&hi2c1, &buffer[0], 3, 100) != HAL_OK)
{
}
/* USER CODE END 2 */
/* Infinite loop */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
while (1)
{
/* USER CODE END WHILE */
/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
}
/* USER CODE END 3 */
}
/** System Clock Configuration
*/
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit;
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = 16;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL12;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PREDIV = RCC_PREDIV_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/**Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB busses clocks
*/
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection = RCC_PERIPHCLK_I2C1;
PeriphClkInit.I2c1ClockSelection = RCC_I2C1CLKSOURCE_HSI;
if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(&PeriphClkInit) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/**Configure the Systick interrupt time
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()/1000);
/**Configure the Systick
*/
HAL_SYSTICK_CLKSourceConfig(SYSTICK_CLKSOURCE_HCLK);
/* SysTick_IRQn interrupt configuration */
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0, 0);
}
/* I2C1 init function */
static void MX_I2C1_Init(void)
{
hi2c1.Instance = I2C1;
hi2c1.Init.Timing = 0x00201D2B;
hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0x0B;
hi2c1.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
hi2c1.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0xFF;
hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2Masks = I2C_OA2_NOMASK;
hi2c1.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
hi2c1.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
/**Configure Analogue filter
*/
if (HAL_I2CEx_ConfigAnalogFilter(&hi2c1, I2C_ANALOGFILTER_ENABLE) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
}
/** Configure pins as
* Analog
* Input
* Output
* EVENT_OUT
* EXTI
*/
static void MX_GPIO_Init(void)
{
/* GPIO Ports Clock Enable */
__HAL_RCC_GPIOF_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */
/* USER CODE END 4 */
/**
* @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void Error_Handler(void)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
while(1)
{
}
/* USER CODE END Error_Handler */
}
#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
* @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
* where the assert_param error has occurred.
* @param file: pointer to the source file name
* @param line: assert_param error line source number
* @retval None
*/
void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
/* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
/* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif
/**
* @}
*/
/**
* @}
*/
/************************ (C) COPYRIGHT STMicroelectronics *****END OF FILE****/
STM32 IIC双机通信—— HAL库硬件IIC版
关于IIC的原理这里我就不多说了，网上有很多很好的解析，如果要看我个人对IIC的理解的话，可以点击查看，这里主要讲一下怎样利用STM32CubeMx实现IIC的通讯，经过个人实践，感觉HAL库的硬件IIC要比标准库的稳定。好了，下面就从STM32CubeMx 配置开始一步步实现IIC通讯。
STM32CubeMx的配置，这里关于新建工程的步骤我就不细说了，如果还不会操作STM32CubeMx 的可以点击查看， 这里主要对IIC的配置进行说明。
了解IIC的都知道，IIC通信有主从机之分，用两片STM32进行IIC通信当然也不例外，不过使用STM32CubeMx 配置有一个好处，就是不用分别配置主从机，在STM32CubeMx 配置里面，主从机的配置是一样，唯一不同的就是IIC的地址如上图，这个地址很重要，只要配置好了，基本就成功了。
还有一个要注意的，就是IIC的SDA、SCK引脚要配置成NPP模式，不然容易出现信号线忙，检测不到从机的情况。
配置配好后我们生成代码，就可以进行通信了，主从机核心代码如下：
下面是主机的重要代码：
/* I2C2 init function IIC配置*/
static void MX_I2C2_Init(void)
{
hi2c2.Instance = I2C2;
hi2c2.Init.Timing = 0x10805D88;
hi2c2.Init.OwnAddress1 = 20; //用户自己配置的地址
hi2c2.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
hi2c2.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
hi2c2.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
hi2c2.Init.OwnAddress2Masks = I2C_OA2_NOMASK;
hi2c2.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
hi2c2.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c2) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Configure Analogue filter
*/
if (HAL_I2CEx_ConfigAnalogFilter(&hi2c2, I2C_ANALOGFILTER_ENABLE) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Configure Digital filter
*/
if (HAL_I2CEx_ConfigDigitalFilter(&hi2c2, 0) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
}
while(HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit_IT(&hi2c2 ,0x0b,&BUFF[0], 1)!= HAL_OK){}
//IIC主机发送函数，主要IIC配置好了，这个可以添加到main函数里面测试
关于STM32CubeMx的HAL库IIC收发有几种函数，用户可以根据自己不同的需求进行选择，以下就是主要的几个HAL库IIC收发函数：
/* 第1个参数为I2C操作句柄
第2个参数为从机设备地址
第3个参数为从机寄存器地址
第4个参数为从机寄存器地址长度
第5个参数为发送的数据的起始地址
第6个参数为传输数据的大小
第7个参数为操作超时时间 */
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write(&hi2c2,salve_add,0,0,PA_BUFF,sizeof(PA_BUFF),0x10);
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write_IT()；
HAL_I2C_Mem_Read();
HAL_I2C_Mem_Read_IT();
HAL_I2C_Mem_Read_DMA();
HAL_I2C_Mem_Write_DMA();
/* 不需要用到寄存器地址的主机HAL库IIC收发函数 */
HAL_I2C_Master_Receive()； //STM32 主机接收，不需要用到寄存器地址
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit();
HAL_I2C_Master_Receive_IT()； //中断IIC接收
HAL_I2C_Master_Receive_DMA()； //DMA 方式的IIC接收
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit_IT(); //中断IIC发送
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit_DMA(); //DMA 方式的IIC发送
HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c2,0x0B,PA_BUFF,sizeof(PA_BUFF),0x10); //STM32 主机发送
/* 不需要用到寄存器地址的从机HAL库IIC收发函数 */
HAL_I2C_Slave_Receive(); //STM32 从机机接收，不需要用到寄存器地址
HAL_I2C_Slave_Transmit(); //STM32 从机机发送，不需要用到寄存器地址
HAL_I2C_Slave_Receive_IT();
HAL_I2C_Slave_Receive_DMA();
HAL_I2C_Slave_Transmit_IT();
HAL_I2C_Slave_Transmit_DMA();
我这里因为只是做两个STM32间的单向通行而已，不需要对寄存器进行写数据。
所以主机发送函数选择了 HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit( ); 函数，而我从机则选择HAL_I2C_Slave_Receive( );函数，从机代码如下：
/* I2C2 init function 从机IIC初始化配置 */
static void MX_I2C2_Init(void)
{
hi2c2.Instance = I2C2;
hi2c2.Init.Timing = 0x10805D88;
hi2c2.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0x0A;
hi2c2.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
hi2c2.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
hi2c2.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
hi2c2.Init.OwnAddress2Masks = I2C_OA2_NOMASK;
hi2c2.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
hi2c2.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c2) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Configure Analogue filter
*/
if (HAL_I2CEx_ConfigAnalogFilter(&hi2c2, I2C_ANALOGFILTER_ENABLE) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
/**Configure Digital filter
*/
if (HAL_I2CEx_ConfigDigitalFilter(&hi2c2, 0) != HAL_OK)
{
_Error_Handler(__FILE__, __LINE__);
}
}
while(HAL_I2C_Slave_Receive(&hi2c2, RE_BUFF, 1, 100)!= HAL_OK) {}
// 在配置好IIC后，可直接把该函数放到main函数测试，第一个参数是IIC通道选择，第二个参数是接收缓存，第三个数据的是接收长度，第四个参数是超时时间
经过测试，发现如果发送数据过多，用硬件I2C收发的话，使用中断会比较稳定
作为从机，要与主机完成通信，有一个特别要注意的事情，就是IIC配置的地址要与主机发送的地址一致，否则无法完成应答。我一开始就是直接发送自己在软件配置的IIC地址，可是没有通信成功，检查才发现，软件配置好IIC后，生成代码时，地址会最后一位补0，自动补够8位；而我从机发送出来的地址，也会把你发送的地址最后一位改为0再发送，这个我查了一下函数地层，好像是因为这是是发送函数，所以直接帮你把R/W位改为0了。所以导致我一开始怎么都调不通，使用逻辑分析仪后，分析采集到的数据才发现这个问题，于是我，直接手动改从机的IIC地址，改成逻辑分析仪发出来的地址一样，这样就通了。
通信结果如图所示：
补充2点要注意的：
1. IIC硬件连接的时候SDA跟SCL总线注意都要上拉一个4.7K的电阻，否则IIC无法工作；
2. 使用主从收发函数时，发送的地址要注意。如果是发送函数，发送出的地址最后一位 R/W 位如果不为0，则HAL库函数会地址把最后一位修改为0，再把地址发送出去，但是如果地址最后一位 R/W 位为0，函数就不会对地址进行修改，直接把地址发送出去；如果是接收函数，发送出去的地址最后一位 R/W位 不为1，则HAL库函数会把地址最后一位修改为1，再把地址发送出去，但是如果地址最后一位 R/W 位为1，函数就不会对地址进行修改，直接把地址发送出去.。所以从机地址设置，一定要与主机发出的地址一致才能正确应答。
例如：
（1） HAL_I2C_Master_Receive(&hi2c2,0x0a,(uint8_t *)test,sizeof(test),1000); 因为这个是读出数据函数，这里发送的地址位第8位地址位 R/W 位应该为 1，发送地址 0x0a 硬件会把最后一位改为0，把地址变成0xb 再把 0x0b这个地址发送出去 ；如果地址最后一位R/W是 1，发送地址是 0x0b ,因为最后一位为 1，那么该函数发送的地址就不会对发送的地址最后一位R/W为做出修改，直接把 0x0b 发送出去，发出去的地址依然为0x0b。
（2） HAL_I2C_Master_Transmit(&hi2c2,0x0f,(uint8_t *)test,sizeof(test),1000); 因为这个是写入数据函数，R/W 位为 0，发送地址 0x0f 硬件会把最后一位改为 0 变成 0xe，如果发送的地址是 0xa ,则不会对地址进行修改，直接把地址 0x0a 发送出去。
现在我以F40X系列的STM32 的 IIC 读函数为例子来翻一下函数地层分析造成这个问题的原因：
来到地层我们找到发送地址的函数；
上面跳转到这里我们就接近真相了，上图1是跳转下去的 IIC 写函数的地层，2 是 IIC 跳转下去的读函数的地层，这里 ADDRESS 就是用户写进IIC发送读取函数里的寻址地址了，接下来到重点了，对于I2C_OAR1_ADD0 我们再次跳转分析下去看看；
从这里接收函数我们可以看到，I2C_OAR1_ADD0 最终的值应该为 0x00000001，我们依旧以地址 0x 0b 为例： 0x 0b = 0000 1011 ， 由或运算的定义我们可知，数据再做或运算 （|）时， 参加运算的两个对象只要有一个为1，其值为1 ， 所以 （00000001） | （0000 1011）= 0000 1011= 0x0b 。这时如果地址为 0x0xa（0000 1010），则会出现地址位最后一位R/W位被改为1的情况，运算过程为（00000001） | （0000 1010）= 0000 1011 = 0x0b ，结合这个地层运算，就不难解析为什么使用HAL库的 IIC 接收函数，发送出去的地址会出现变化的情况了。
至于发送函数同理，I2C_OAR1_ADD0 最终的值应该为 0x00000001，取反后就变成了 0x 1111 1110 ，由与运算（&）的定义可知两位同时为“1”，结果才为“1”，否则为0。所以这里我们依旧以地址0x0b = 0000 1011 为例，（1111 1110） &（0000 1011）= 0000 1010 = 0x0b，所以发送函数把地址最后一位的R/W位改为了 0 ，而当地址为 0x0a = 0000 1010 时，我们再进行运算一下可得（1111 1110） &（0000 1010）= 0000 1010 = 0x0a ， 地址没有改变，所以这也就解析了上面我说的地址变化的问题了。
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