java设计模式-克隆模式（复制模式）

java中有深克隆和浅克隆的说法，clone方法在Object类中，该方法被protect修饰，我们无法直接调用，只能实现Cloneable接口，重写clone方法，我们举个作家和书本的栗子说明

首先解释深克隆，创建作家类

public class Person implements Cloneable{

    private String name;
    private String gender;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, String gender, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
    public void display(){
        System.out.println("姓名："+this.name+"性别："+this.gender+"年龄："+this.age);
    }

    public Object clone(){
        Person p = null;
        try {
            p = (Person)super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return p;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "name=" + name + ", gender=" + gender + ", age=" + age ;
    }
}

然后创建书籍类

ublic class BookForDeep implements Cloneable {

    private String bookName;
    private double price;
    private Person author;

    public BookForDeep(String bookName, double price, Person author) {
        this.bookName = bookName;
        this.price = price;
        this.author = author;
    }

    public String getBookName() {
        return bookName;
    }

    public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    public double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public Person getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(Person author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public void display() {
        System.out.println("书名：" + bookName + " 价格： " + price + "作者：" + author);
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "bookName: " + bookName + "price: " + price + "author:" + author;
    }

    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        BookForDeep bfp = null;
        bfp = (BookForDeep) super.clone();
        bfp.setAuthor((Person) super.clone());
        return bfp;
    }
}

我们写一个测试类

public class TestBookForDeepClone {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        BookForDeep bfd1 = new BookForDeep("Hadoop权威指南", 0.01, new Person("xiaoli", "female", 23));
        BookForDeep bfd2 = new BookForDeep("spark高级详解", 0.01, new Person("azhong", "male", 24));

        System.out.println(bfd1.getAuthor() == bfd2.getAuthor());
        bfd1.display();
        bfd2.display();
    }
}

测试结果

false
书名： Hadoop权威指南 价格： 0.01作者：name=xiaoli, gender=female, age=23
姓名：xiaoli性别：female年龄：23
书名： spark高级详解 价格： 0.01作者：name=azhong, gender=male, age=24
姓名：azhong性别：male年龄：24

我们再类测试浅克隆
创建BookForDeep类实现Cloneable在这里我们需要修改clone方法，其他地方一样

public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }

写一个测试类，测试浅克隆

public class TestBookLowClone {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Book book1 = new Book("Hadoop权威指南", 0.1, new Person("阿中", "male", 24));
        Book book2 = (Book) book1.clone();

        System.out.println(book1.getAuthor());
        System.out.println(book2.getAuthor());
        System.out.println(book1.getAuthor() == book2.getAuthor());
        book1.display();
        book2.display();
// 浅拷贝的问题：当更新副本中属性指向的对象内容时 原对象的属性会跟着一起变化
        // 因为原对象中属性的对象与副本中属性的对象是同一个对象
        book2.getAuthor().setName("Allen");
        book2.getAuthor().setGender("female");
        book1.display();
        book2.display();
    }
}

运行结果

name=阿中, gender=male, age=24
name=阿中, gender=male, age=24
true
书名： Hadoop权威指南价格： 0.1作者：name=阿中, gender=male, age=24
姓名：阿中性别：male年龄：24
书名： Hadoop权威指南价格： 0.1作者：name=阿中, gender=male, age=24
姓名：阿中性别：male年龄：24
书名： Hadoop权威指南价格： 0.1作者：name=Allen, gender=female, age=24
姓名：Allen性别：female年龄：24
书名： Hadoop权威指南价格： 0.1作者：name=Allen, gender=female, age=24
姓名：Allen性别：female年龄：24