51. N-Queens

这里写图片描述
回溯法解题

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Solution {
public:
    vector<vector<string> > solveNQueens(int n)
    {
        vector<int>map(n,0);
        vector<vector<string> >ret; 
        search(n,0,map,ret);
        return ret;
    }
    void search(int n,int count,vector<int>&map,vector<vector<string> > &ret)
    {
        int i,j,p,q;
        if(n==count)
        {
            vector<string>temp;
            for(p=0;p<n;p++)
            {
                string s="";
                for(q=0;q<n;q++)
                {
                    if(map[p]==q)
                        s=s+'Q';
                    else
                        s=s+'.';
                }
                temp.push_back(s);
            }
            ret.push_back(temp);
            return;
        }
        for(i=0;i<n;i++)//count是行,map[count]是列
        {
            int flag=1;
            map[count]=i;
            for(j=0;j<count;j++)
            {
                if(map[count]==map[j]||count-map[count]==j-map[j]||count+map[count]==j+map[j])
                {
                    flag=0;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if(flag)
                search(n,count+1,map,ret);
        }
    }
};
int main()
{
    int n,i,j;
    cin>>n;
    Solution solve;
    vector<vector<string> >ret;
    ret=solve.solveNQueens(n);
    for(i=0;i<ret.size();i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<ret[i].size();j++)
            cout<<ret[i][j]<<endl;
        cout<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}
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以下是使用ABT算法求解四皇后问题的Python代码: ``` def abt_search(csp): return abt_recursive(csp, {}) def abt_recursive(csp, assignment): if len(assignment) == len(csp.variables): return assignment var = select_unassigned_variable(csp, assignment) for value in order_domain_values(var, assignment, csp): if is_consistent(var, value, assignment, csp): csp.assign(var, value) inferences = {} for neighbor in csp.neighbors(var): if neighbor not in assignment: for removed_value in csp.curr_domain_values(neighbor): if not csp.constraints(var, value, neighbor, removed_value): inferences[neighbor] = removed_value csp.eliminate(neighbor, removed_value) result = abt_recursive(csp, assignment) if result is not None: return result csp.unassign(var) for neighbor, removed_value in inferences.items(): csp.revise(neighbor, removed_value) return None def select_unassigned_variable(csp, assignment): for var in csp.variables: if var not in assignment: return var def order_domain_values(var, assignment, csp): return csp.curr_domain_values(var) def is_consistent(var, value, assignment, csp): for neighbor in csp.neighbors(var): if neighbor in assignment: if not csp.constraints(var, value, neighbor, assignment[neighbor]): return False return True class CSP: def __init__(self, variables, domains, constraints): self.variables = variables self.domains = domains self.constraints = constraints self.unassigned_vars = set(variables) self.curr_domains = {v: set(domains) for v in variables} def assign(self, var, value): self.unassigned_vars.remove(var) self.curr_domains[var] = set([value]) def unassign(self, var): self.unassigned_vars.add(var) self.curr_domains[var] = set(self.domains) def eliminate(self, var, value): self.curr_domains[var].remove(value) def revise(self, var, value): self.curr_domains[var].add(value) def curr_domain_values(self, var): return self.curr_domains[var] def neighbors(self, var): return set(self.variables) - set([var]) def is_complete(self, assignment): return len(assignment) == len(self.variables) def four_queens_csp(): variables = ['Q1', 'Q2', 'Q3', 'Q4'] domains = range(1, 5) constraints = lambda Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4: (Q1 != Q2 and Q1 != Q3 and Q1 != Q4 and Q2 != Q3 and Q2 != Q4 and Q3 != Q4 and abs(Q1 - Q2) != 1 and abs(Q1 - Q3) != 2 and abs(Q1 - Q4) != 3 and abs(Q2 - Q3) != 1 and abs(Q2 - Q4) != 2 and abs(Q3 - Q4) != 1) return CSP(variables, domains, constraints) if __name__ == '__main__': csp = four_queens_csp() solution = abt_search(csp) if solution is not None: print(solution) else: print('No solution found') ``` 该代码定义了一个CSP类,其中包含“assign”、“unassign”、“eliminate”和“revise”等方法,用于实现ABT算法。它还定义了一个“four_queens_csp”函数,用于创建四皇后问题的CSP实例。最后,它调用“abt_search”函数来解决问题,并输出解决方案。
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