Ubuntu 安装和使用docker

安装环境

使用uname -a查看系统版本

Linux ubuntu 4.15.0-36-generic #39-Ubuntu SMP x86_64 GNU/Linux

使用uname -r查看系统内核版本

4.15.0-36-generic

0x01修改镜像源

• 终端 sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list 然后添加如下（使用163源）

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise universe
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ precise-security multiverse
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main

• sudo apt-get update更新源

0x02安装

sudo apt-get install -y docker.io

0x03使用Docker

• 查看docker信息

//查看docker版本
docker version
//显示docker系统的信息
docker info

• 容器管理

//查看正在运行的容器
docker ps
//查看所有容器
docker ps -a
docker ps -l

//创建一个新的容器
docker run ubuntu echo “hello world”
//创建一个守护式容器在后台运行
docker run -d
//指定端口号
docker run -d -p 8002:80

//运行一个容器
docker start
//停止运行某个容器
docker stop
//进入正在运行的容器
docker attach
docker exec -it bash

//解决进入容器不能输入中文的问题
docker exec -it env LANG=C.UTF-8 bash

//删除容器
docker rm
//停止所有容器
docker stop $(docker ps -q)
//删除所有容器
docker rm $(docker ps -aq)

//查看容器的IP
docker inspect | grep IPAddress
//下载组件
docker run learn/tutorial apt-get install -y ping
//查看端口映射
iptables -t nat -nL

//查看容器所有参数
docker inspect <容器ID>
//获得容器IP
docker inspect cocky_hermann | grep IPAddress
//将容器的8000端口映射到docker主机的8001端口
iptables -t nat -A DOCKER -p tcp --dport 8080 -j DNAT --to-destination 172.17.0.2:8000

• 镜像管理

//检索镜像 ubuntu、learn/ping、nginx
docker search image_name
//下载镜像
docker pull image_name
//显示所有镜像
docker images
//删除镜像
docker rmi
docker rmi -f
//删除所有none镜像
docker rmi $(docker images | grep “none” | awk ‘{print $3}’)
//删除所有镜像
docker rmi $(docker images -q)

//打包镜像
docker save -o python-achievements-image.tar.gz
//加载镜像
docker load -i python-achievements-image.tar.gz