iOS 字符串-CSDN博客

//将NSData转化为NSString
       NSString* str = [[NSString alloc] initWithData:response encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
//将NSString 转化为NSData
(NSString.h)
- (NSData *)dataUsingEncoding:(NSStringEncoding)encoding;

//载一个字符串中删除一个字符或字符串
[_display deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(index_of_char_to_remove, 1)];

数学转换为字符串
NSString *returnStr;
returnStr = [[NSNumber numberWithInt:row] stringValue];

   NSString
   *******************************************************************************************/
   //一、NSString
   /*----------------创建字符串的方法----------------*/

   //1、创建常量字符串。
   NSString *astring = @"This is a String!";


   //2、创建空字符串，给予赋值。

   NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] init];
   astring = @"This is a String!";
   [astring release];
   NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);



   //3、在以上方法中，提升速度:initWithString方法

   NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];
   NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
   [astring release];



   //4、用标准c创建字符串:initWithCString方法

   char *Cstring = "This is a String!";
   NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithCString:Cstring];
   NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
   [astring release];



   //5、创建格式化字符串:占位符（由一个%加一个字符组成）

   int i = 1;
   int j = 2;
   NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d.This is %i string!",i,j]];
   NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
   [astring release];



   //6、创建临时字符串

   NSString *astring;
   astring = [NSString stringWithCString:"This is a temporary string"];
   NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);




   /*----------------从文件读取字符串:initWithContentsOfFile方法----------------*/

   NSString *path = @"astring.text";
   NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path];
   NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
   [astring release];


   /*----------------写字符串到文件:writeToFile方法----------------*/


   NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a String!"];
   NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
   NSString *path = @"astring.text";
   [astring writeToFile: path atomically: YES];
   [astring release];




   /*----------------比较两个字符串----------------*/

   //用C比较:strcmp函数

   char string1[] = "string!";
   char string2[] = "string!";
   if(strcmp(string1, string2) = = 0)
   {
        NSLog(@"1");
   }



   //isEqualToString方法
   NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
   NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
   BOOL result = [astring01 isEqualToString:astring02];
   NSLog(@"result:%d",result);




   //compare方法(comparer返回的三种值)
   NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
   NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
   BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;
   NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
   //NSOrderedSame判断两者内容是否相同




   NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!";
   NSString *astring02 = @"this is a String!";
   BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedAscending;
   NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
   //NSOrderedAscending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较，astring02大于astring01为真)



   NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
   NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
   BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedDescending;
   NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
   //NSOrderedDescending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较，astring02小于astring01为真)



   //不考虑大小写比较字符串1
   NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
   NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
   BOOL result = [astring01 caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;
   NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
   //NSOrderedDescending判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较，astring02小于astring01为真)



   //不考虑大小写比较字符串2
   NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!";
   NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!";
   BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02
                            options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch | NSNumericSearch] = = NSOrderedSame;
   NSLog(@"result:%d",result);

   //NSCaseInsensitiveSearch:不区分大小写比较 NSLiteralSearch:进行完全比较，区分大小写 NSNumericSearch:比较字符串的字符个数，而不是字符值。


   /*----------------改变字符串的大小写----------------*/

   NSString *string1 = @"A String";
   NSString *string2 = @"String";
   NSLog(@"string1:%@",[string1 uppercaseString]);//大写
   NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 lowercaseString]);//小写
   NSLog(@"string2:%@",[string2 capitalizedString]);//首字母大小


   /*----------------在串中搜索子串----------------*/

   NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
   NSString *string2 = @"string";
   NSRange range = [string1 rangeOfString:string2];
   int location = range.location;
   int leight = range.length;
   NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Location:%i,Leight:%i",location,leight]];
   NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring);
   [astring release];


   /*----------------抽取子串 ----------------*/

   //-substringToIndex: 从字符串的开头一直截取到指定的位置，但不包括该位置的字符
   NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
   NSString *string2 = [string1 substringToIndex:3];
   NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);




   //-substringFromIndex: 以指定位置开始（包括指定位置的字符），并包括之后的全部字符
   NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
   NSString *string2 = [string1 substringFromIndex:3];
   NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);




   //-substringWithRange: //按照所给出的位置，长度，任意地从字符串中截取子串
   NSString *string1 = @"This is a string";
   NSString *string2 = [string1 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4)];
   NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);


   //扩展路径

   NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
   NSString *absolutePath = [Path stringByExpandingTildeInPath];
   NSLog(@"absolutePath:%@",absolutePath);
   NSLog(@"Path:%@",[absolutePath stringByAbbreviatingWithTildeInPath]);



   //文件扩展名
   NSString *Path = @"~/NSData.txt";
   NSLog(@"Extension:%@",[Path pathExtension]);




   /*******************************************************************************************
   NSMutableString
   *******************************************************************************************/

   /*---------------给字符串分配容量----------------*/
   //stringWithCapacity:
   NSMutableString *String;
   String = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:40];


   /*---------------在已有字符串后面添加字符----------------*/

   //appendString: and appendFormat:

   NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
   //[String1 appendString:@", I will be adding some character"];
   [String1 appendFormat:[NSString stringWithFormat:@", I will be adding some character"]];
   NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
   */


   /*--------在已有字符串中按照所给出范围和长度删除字符------*/
   /*
   //deleteCharactersInRange:
   NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
   [String1 deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 5)];
   NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);



   /*--------在已有字符串后面在所指定的位置中插入给出的字符串------*/

   //-insertString: atIndex:
   NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
   [String1 insertString:@"Hi! " atIndex:0];
   NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);



   /*--------将已有的空符串换成其它的字符串------*/

   //-setString:
   NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
   [String1 setString:@"Hello Word!"];
   NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);



   /*--------按照所给出的范围，和字符串替换的原有的字符------*/

   //-setString:
   NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
   [String1 replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4) withString:@"That"];
   NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);



   /*-------------判断字符串内是否还包含别的字符串(前缀，后缀)-------------*/
   //01：检查字符串是否以另一个字符串开头- (BOOL) hasPrefix: (NSString *) aString;
   NSString *String1 = @"NSStringInformation.txt";
   [String1 hasPrefix:@"NSString"] = = 1 ? NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");
   [String1 hasSuffix:@".txt"] = = 1 ? NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");

   //02：查找字符串某处是否包含其它字符串 - (NSRange) rangeOfString: (NSString *) aString，这一点前面在串中搜索子串用到过;



   /*******************************************************************************************
   NSArray
   *******************************************************************************************/

   /*---------------------------创建数组------------------------------*/
   //NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:
   @"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];

   self.dataArray = array;
   [array release];

   //- (unsigned) Count;数组所包含对象个数；
   NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound:%d",[self.dataArray count]);

   //- (id) objectAtIndex: (unsigned int) index;获取指定索引处的对象;
   NSLog(@"self.dataArray cound 2:%@",[self.dataArray objectAtIndex:2]);


   /*--------------------------从一个数组拷贝数据到另一数组(可变数级)----------------------------*/

   //arrayWithArray:
   //NSArray *array1 = [[NSArray alloc] init];
   NSMutableArray *MutableArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
   NSArray *array = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                      @"a",@"b",@"c",nil];
   NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
   MutableArray = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array];
   NSLog(@"MutableArray:%@",MutableArray);

   array1 = [NSArray arrayWithArray:array];
   NSLog(@"array1:%@",array1);


   //Copy

   //id obj;
   NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
   NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                         @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];

   NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
   for(int i = 0; i < [oldArray count]; i++)
   {
        obj = [[oldArray objectAtIndex:i] copy];
        [newArray addObject: obj];
   }
   //
   NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
   [newArray release];


   //快速枚举

   //NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
   NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                         @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
   NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);

   for(id obj in oldArray)
   {
        [newArray addObject: obj];
   }
   //
   NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
   [newArray release];


   //Deep copy

   //NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
   NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                         @"a",@"b",@"c",@"d",@"e",@"f",@"g",@"h",nil];
   NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
   newArray = (NSMutableArray*)CFPropertyListCreateDeepCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, (CFPropertyListRef)oldArray, kCFPropertyListMutableContainers);
   NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
   [newArray release];


   //Copy and sort

   //NSMutableArray *newArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
   NSArray *oldArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                         @"b",@"a",@"e",@"d",@"c",@"f",@"h",@"g",nil];
   NSLog(@"oldArray:%@",oldArray);
   NSEnumerator *enumerator;
   enumerator = [oldArray objectEnumerator];
   id obj;
   while(obj = [enumerator nextObject])
   {
        [newArray addObject: obj];
   }
   [newArray sortUsingSelector:@selector(compare:)];
   NSLog(@"newArray:%@", newArray);
   [newArray release];



   /*---------------------------切分数组------------------------------*/

   //从字符串分割到数组－ componentsSeparatedByString:
   NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"One,Two,Three,Four"];
   NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
   NSArray *array = [string componentsSeparatedByString:@","];
   NSLog(@"array:%@",array);
   [string release];


   //从数组合并元素到字符串- componentsJoinedByString:
   NSArray *array = [[NSArray alloc] initWithObjects:@"One",@"Two",@"Three",@"Four",nil];
   NSString *string = [array componentsJoinedByString:@","];
   NSLog(@"string:%@",string);



   /*******************************************************************************************
   NSMutableArray
   *******************************************************************************************/
   /*---------------给数组分配容量----------------*/
   //NSArray *array;
   array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:20];



   /*--------------在数组末尾添加对象----------------*/
   //- (void) addObject: (id) anObject;
   //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
   @"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
   [array addObject:@"Four"];
   NSLog(@"array:%@",array);



   /*--------------删除数组中指定索引处对象----------------*/
   //-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: (unsigned) index;
   //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
   @"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
   [array removeObjectAtIndex:1];
   NSLog(@"array:%@",array);



   /*-------------数组枚举---------------*/
   //- (NSEnumerator *)objectEnumerator;从前向后
   //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
   @"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
   NSEnumerator *enumerator;
   enumerator = [array objectEnumerator];

   id thingie;
   while (thingie = [enumerator nextObject]) {
        NSLog(@"thingie:%@",thingie);
   }


   //- (NSEnumerator *)reverseObjectEnumerator;从后向前
   //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
   @"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
   NSEnumerator *enumerator;
   enumerator = [array reverseObjectEnumerator];

   id object;
   while (object = [enumerator nextObject]) {
        NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
   }


   //快速枚举
   //NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:
   @"One",@"Two",@"Three",nil];
   for(NSString *string in array)
   {
        NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
   }



   /*******************************************************************************************
   NSDictionary
   *******************************************************************************************/

   /*------------------------------------创建字典------------------------------------*/
   //- (id) initWithObjectsAndKeys;

   //NSDictionary *dictionary = [[NSDictionary alloc] initWithObjectsAndKeys:@"One",@"1",@"Two",@"2",@"Three",@"3",nil];
   NSString *string = [dictionary objectForKey:@"One"];
   NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
   NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);
   [dictionary release];


   /*******************************************************************************************
   NSMutableDictionary
   *******************************************************************************************/

   /*------------------------------------创建可变字典------------------------------------*/
   //创建
   NSMutableDictionary *dictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];

   //添加字典
   [dictionary setObject:@"One" forKey:@"1"];
   [dictionary setObject:@"Two" forKey:@"2"];
   [dictionary setObject:@"Three" forKey:@"3"];
   [dictionary setObject:@"Four" forKey:@"4"];
   NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);

   //删除指定的字典
   [dictionary removeObjectForKey:@"3"];
   NSLog(@"dictionary:%@",dictionary);


   /*******************************************************************************************
   NSValue（对任何对象进行包装）
   *******************************************************************************************/

   /*--------------------------------将NSRect放入NSArray中------------------------------------*/
   //将NSRect放入NSArray中
   NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
   NSValue *value;
   CGRect rect = CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 480);
   value = [NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(CGRect)];
   [array addObject:value];
   NSLog(@"array:%@",array);

   //从Array中提取
   value = [array objectAtIndex:0];
   [value getValue:&rect];
   NSLog(@"value:%@",value);


   /*******************************************************************************************
   从目录搜索扩展名为jpg的文件
   *******************************************************************************************/

   //NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];
   NSString *home;
   home = @"../Users/";

   NSDirectoryEnumerator *direnum;
   direnum = [fileManager enumeratorAtPath: home];

   NSMutableArray *files = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

   //枚举
   NSString *filename;
   while (filename = [direnum nextObject]) {
        if([[filename pathExtension] hasSuffix:@"jpg"]){
            [files addObject:filename];
        }
   }

   //快速枚举
   //for(NSString *filename in direnum)
   //{
   //    if([[filename pathExtension] isEqualToString:@"jpg"]){
   //        [files addObject:filename];
   //    }
   //}
   NSLog(@"files:%@",files);

   //枚举
   NSEnumerator *filenum;
   filenum = [files objectEnumerator];
   while (filename = [filenum nextObject]) {
        NSLog(@"filename:%@",filename);
   }

   //快速枚举
   //for(id object in files)
   //{
   //    NSLog(@"object:%@",object);
   //}

   #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

   int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {
        NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
        //创建字符串
        NSString *height;
        /**类方法：
         +(id) stringWithFormat: (NSString *) format,...
         通过格式字符串和参数来创建NSString
         省略号（。。。）：可以接受多个以逗号分割的参数。
         这声明方法时添加加号（＋），那么这个方法为类方法，不需要创建实例就可以调用，通常用于创建心的实例，我们称用来创建新对象的类方法为工厂方法。
         －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
         objective－c运行时生成一个类的时候，它会创建一个代表该类的类对象。类对象包含了指向超类的指针，类名，和指向类方法列表的指针。类对象还包含一个long型数据，为新创建的类实例对象指定大小（以字节为单位）

         类方法可以用来访问全局数据。

         实例方法要用前导减号（－）来开始声明

         */

        height=[NSString stringWithFormat:@"you heigh is %d feet,%d inches",5,11];
        NSLog(height);
        //length 返回字符串中字符的个数。－（unsigned int) length;
        if([height length]>5){
            NSLog(@"height length ------");
        }

        //字符串比较
        /**
         isEqualToString :可以用来比较接收方和当作参数传递来的字符串的内容是否相同，返回yes和no
         */
        NSString *thing1=@"hello";
        NSString *thing2=[[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"hello"];
        if([thing1 isEqualToString:thing2]){
            NSLog(@"they are same");
        }
        /**
         ==:只判断指针数值，而不是它们所指向的内容
         */
        if(thing1==thing2){
            NSLog(@"== same");
        }

        /*
         compare:比较两个字符串。区分大小写
         compare将接收对象和传递来的字符串逐个字符的进行比较，它返回一个NSComparisonResult(枚举类型)来显示结果。
         typedef enum _NSComparisonResult{
         NSOrderedAscending=-1;
         NSOrderedsame;
         NSOrderedDescending;
         } NSComparisonResult;
         */
        [thing1 compare:thing2];
        if(NSOrderedSame==[thing1 compare:thing2]){
            NSLog(@"compare same");
        }

        //compare：options:
        /***
         -(NSComparisonResult) compare:(NSString *) string
         options:(unsinged) mask;

         options 是一个位掩码，可以使用|添加选项标记
         选项：
         NSCaseInsensitiveSearch:不区分大小写字符
         NSLiteralSearch:进行完全比较，区分大小写
         NSNumbericSearch:比较字符串的字符个数，而不是字符值
         */
        if([thing1 compare:thing2 options:NSCaseInsensitiveSearch|
             NSNumericSearch]==NSOrderedSame){
            NSLog(@"they match");
        }

        /**
         以某个字符串开始或结尾
         -(BOOL) hasPrefix:(NSString *) aString;
         -(BOOL) hasSuffix:(NSString *) aString;
         */
        NSString *fileName=@"aabbbcc";
        if([fileName hasPrefix:@"aa"]){
            NSLog(@"begin with aa");
        }

        if([fileName hasSuffix:@"cc"]){
            NSLog(@"end with cc");
        }

        //NSMutableString 可变字符串
        //SString 是不可变的，一旦NSString 被创建了，我们就不能改变它。

        //+(id) stringWithCapacity:(unsinged) capacity; capacity:是给NSMutableString的一个建议，字符串的大小并不局限于所提供的大小，这个容量仅是个最优值。

        NSMutableString *str=[NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:40];
        [str appendFormat:@"sdfsdf%d",5];
        [str appendString:@"ssssssss"];
        NSLog(str);

        //删除字符串
        //-(void) deleteCharactersInRange:(NSRange) range;

        NSMutableString *ms;
        ms=[NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:50];
        [ms appendString:@"aabbccdd"];
        NSRange range;
        range=[ms rangeOfString:@"cc"];
        [ms deleteCharactersInRange:range];
        NSLog(ms);

        //与实例方法一样，继承对类方法也同样适用

        //------------------集合－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
        //NSArray ,NSDictionary
        /**
         NSArray 是一个cocoa类，用来存储对象的有序列表。
        NSArray有两个限制：1，它只能存储objective－c的对象，而不能存储c语言中的基本数据类型如int，float，enum，struct，或者nsarray中的随机指针。2，不能这nsarray中存储nil

         类方法：
         arrayWithObjects:创建一个新的nsarray。发送一个以逗号分割的对象列表，这列表结尾添加nil代表列表结束，（这就是不能这nsarray中存储nil的原因）

         */
        NSArray *array=[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"aa",@"bb",@"cc",nil];

        //-(unsigned) count; 取得包含对象的个数
        //-(id) objectAtIndex:(unsigned int) index; 取得索引位置的对象

        int i;
        for (i=0; i<[array count]; i++) {
            NSLog(@"index %d has %@",i,[array objectAtIndex:i]);
        }

        //------------切分数组
        //-componentsSeparatedByString:
        NSString *ns=@"sdf,dsfs,dfd,fdf,df,dd";
        NSArray *comArr=[ns componentsSeparatedByString:@","];
        for(int i=0;i<[comArr count];i++){
            NSLog(@"componentsSeparatedByString===%@",[comArr objectAtIndex:i]);
        }

        //componentJoinedByString: 合并nsarray中的元素来创建字符串
        NSString *joinedStr=[comArr componentsJoinedByString:@"-->"];
        NSLog(@"joined---= %@",joinedStr);

        //可变数组
        NSMutableArray *mutableArr=[NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:40];
        [mutableArr addObject:@"aa"];
        [mutableArr addObject:@"bb"];
        [mutableArr addObject:@"cc"];
        [mutableArr addObject:@"dd"];

        for(int i=0;i<[mutableArr count];i++){
            NSLog(@"mutableArr==%@",[mutableArr objectAtIndex:i]);
        }

        //----- -(void) removeObjectAtIndex:(unsinged) index; 删除指定索引的对象,
        //删除一个对象之后，数组中并没有留下漏洞，被删除对象后面的数组元素的哦被前移来填补空缺
        [mutableArr removeObjectAtIndex:2];
        for(int i=0;i<[mutableArr count];i++){
            NSLog(@"removeObjectAtIndex == %@",[mutableArr objectAtIndex:i]);
        }

        //枚举
        //NSEnumerator ,它是cocoa用来描述这种集合迭代运输的方法
        //-(NSEnumerator *) objectEnumerator;
        NSEnumerator *enumerator=[mutableArr objectEnumerator];
        id thingie;
        while(thingie=[enumerator nextObject]){
            NSLog(@"i found %@",thingie);
        }

        //快速枚举
        for(NSString *string in mutableArr){
            NSLog(@"for in == %@",string);
        }

        //NSDictionary 字典
        /*
         NSDictionary 是在给定的关键字（通常是一个NSString字符串）下存储一个数值（可以是任何类型的对象）。然后你可以用这个关键字来查找相应的数值。
         NSDictionary 是键查询的优化存储方式。它可以立即找出要查询的数据，而不需要遍历整个数组进行查找。

         ＋（id) dictionaryWithObjectAndKeys:(id) firstObject,....;
         该方法接收对象和关键字交替出现的系列，以nil值作为终止符号。
         **/
        NSDictionary *dic=[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:@"aaa",@"a",@"bbb",@"b",nil];
        NSString *dicStr=[dic objectForKey:@"a"];
        if([dicStr isEqualToString:@"aaa"]){
            NSLog(@"------------00000000000000000");
        }

        //可变字典
        NSMutableDictionary *mutableDic=[NSMutableDictionary dictionaryWithCapacity:50];
        [mutableDic setObject:@"1111" forKey:@"1"];
        [mutableDic setObject:@"222" forKey:@"2"];

        //删除 -(void) removeObjectForKe:(id) key;
        [mutableDic removeObjectForKey:@"2"];

        NSArray *keyArr=[mutableDic allKeys];
        for(NSString *str in keyArr){
            NSLog(@"key== %@",str);
            NSLog(@"value== %@",[mutableDic objectForKey:str]);
        }


        //各种数值，NSNumber NSValue
        /*
         cocoa 提供了NSNumber类来包装基本数据类型
         +(NSNumber *) numberWithChar:(char) value;
         +(NSNumber *) numberWithInt:(int) value;
         +(NSNumber *) numberWithFloat:(float) value;
         +(NSNumber *) numberWthiBool:(BOOL) value;

         -(char) charValue;
         -(int) intVlaue;
         -(float) floatValue;
         -(BOOL) boolValue;
         -(NSString *) stringValue;


         **/
        NSNumber *number;
        number=[NSNumber numberWithInt:3];
        [mutableDic setObject:number forKey:@"int"];

        int num=[[mutableDic objectForKey:@"int"] intValue];
        NSLog(@"int object value== %d",num);


        //NSValue .NSNumber实际上是NSValue的子类，NSValue可以包装任意值

        /**
         +(NSValue *) valueWithBytes:(const void *) value objCType:(const char *) type;
         传递的参数是你想要包装的数值的地址，通常，得到的是你想要存储的变量的地址（在c语言里适用操作符 & ），你也可以提供一个描述这个数据类型的字符串，通常用来说明struct中实体的类型和大小。你不用自己写代码
         来生成这个字符串，@encode编译器指令可以接受数据类型的名称并为你生成合适的字符串
         */
        NSRect rect= NSMakeRect(1, 2, 30, 40);

        NSValue *value;
        value=[NSValue valueWithBytes:&rect objCType:@encode(NSRect)];
        NSMutableArray *mr=[NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:50];
        [mr addObject:value];

        //getValue 提取数据
        /**
         -(void) getValue:(void *) value; 要传递的是存储这个数值的变量的地址
         */

        /***
        value=[mr objectAtIndex:0];

        NSRect r;
        NSLog(@"00000 ===%@",r);
        [value getValue:&r];
        NSLog(@"111== %@",r);
        */

        /**
         +(NSValue *) valueWithPoint:(NSPoint) point;
         +(NSValue *) valueWithSize:(NSSize) size;
         +(NSValue *) valueWithRect:(NSRect) rect;



         -(NSPoint) pointValue;
         -(NSSize) sizeValue;
         -(NSRect) rectValue;

         */

        //NSNull
        /*
         *+(NSNull *) null;
        */
        [mutableDic setObject:[NSNull null] forKey:@"fax"];
        id fax;
        fax=[mutableDic objectForKey:@"fax"];
        if(fax==[NSNull null]){
            NSLog(@"pppppppppppppppppp");
        }

        [pool drain];
        return 0;
   }