Builder设计模式

模式定义

将一个复杂对象的构建与它的表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示

使用

1. 静态内部类使用链式调用的方式来设置类的表现形式
2. 私有外部类的构造方法，通过静态内部来获取参数进行表现

代码实现

public class Person  {
    private int ID;
    private int age;
    private String name;
    private int hight;
    private int weight;
    private Callback callback;

    interface Callback {
        void callback();
    }

    private Person(Builder builder) {
        this.ID = builder.ID;
        this.age = builder.age;
        this.name = builder.name;
        this.hight = builder.hight;
        this.weight = builder.weight;
        this.callback = builder.callback;
    }

    public static class Builder {
        private int ID;
        private int age;
        private String name;
        private int hight;
        private int weight;
        private Callback callback;

        public Builder setID(int ID) {
            this.ID = ID;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setHight(int hight) {
            this.hight = hight;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setWeight(int weight) {
            this.weight = weight;
            return this;
        }

        public Builder setCallback(Callback callback) {
            this.callback = callback;
            return this;
        }

        public Person build() {
            return new Person(this);
        }
    }
}

Person.Builder buider = new Person.Builder();
buider.setAge(13);
buider.setName("jack");
Person jack = buider.build();

总结

优点：我可以不必知道你的内部构造是怎样的，我可以直接使用Builder建造自己需要的客户端；代码清晰，易维护，易扩展;将构造和表示分离，降低耦合

缺点：代码也可能不清晰，不易维护（怎么说：比如你的客户端实现了很多接口，当你每当修改接口的时候，每次都要对应修改你的客户端）；使用不恰当消耗内存