Dictionary

Dictionary可以类比到Java中的HashMap类，用于存放键值对。

示例代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

internal class Program
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        // create a dictionary
        var employees = new Dictionary<string, int>();

        // add element
        employees.Add("Owen", 23);
        employees.Add("Vincent", 22);
        employees.Add("Lynn", 22);
        employees.Add("Ricy", 21);

        // if key exists, throw exception
        try
        {
            employees.Add("Owen", 21);
        }
        catch (ArgumentException)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("An element with key 'Owen' exists");
        }

        // get value through key
        Console.WriteLine("Owen is " + employees["Owen"] + " years old");

        // set value through key
        employees["Owen"] = 20;

        // add element through indexer
        employees["Alice"] = 25;
        Console.WriteLine("Alice is " + employees["Alice"] + " years old");

        // if key not exist, throw exception
        try
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Michael is " + employees["Michael"] + " years old");
        }
        catch (KeyNotFoundException)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("No key 'Michael' found");
        }

        // keys always not exist, TryGetValue() is more efficient
        int age = -1;
        if (employees.TryGetValue("Michael", out age))
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Michael is " + employees["Michael"] + " years old");
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("No key 'Michael' found");
        }

        // use foreach expression to iterate the diction
        Console.WriteLine();
        foreach(KeyValuePair<string, int> kvp in employees)
            Console.WriteLine(kvp.Key + " is " + kvp.Value + " years old");

        // get all keys
        var keys = employees.Keys;
        foreach (string key in keys)
            Console.WriteLine(key);

        // get all values
        var ages = employees.Values;
        foreach (int ageValue in ages)
            Console.WriteLine(ageValue);

        // remove a pair through key
        employees.Remove("Alice");
        if (!employees.ContainsKey("Alice"))
            Console.WriteLine("Alice is removed");

        Console.ReadLine();
    }
}

运行结果