[MITOPENCOURSEWARE] 6.094 Introduction to Programming in MATLAB

Introduction to MATLAB

Lecture 1 Variables, Scripts, and Operations

• Matlab Basic

  • MATLAB can be thought of as a super-powerful graphing calculator
  • In addition it is a programming language

• 一些命令

  • 帮助命令

    • help [ ]
    • doc [ ] 更详细的帮助

  • 注释 %

    第一行注释为脚本的帮助文档

  • 新建脚本 edit

    edit [ ].m

  • 输出字符串disp

    注意字符串使用单引号

  • 保存变量到文件中save

    save myFile a b

    • saves variables a and b to the file myfile.mat
    • myfile.mat file is saved in the current directory

  • 移除当前环境中变量 clear

  • 加载文件中变量load

  • 清理命令窗口clc

• 变量

  • 创建和修改的变量会一直保存在工作区
  • Matlab is a weekly typed language. 不需要初始化变量
  • 变量命名：首位必须是字母；以字母、数字、下划线_ 组成
  • 大小写敏感
  • Built-in variables. Don’t use these names!
    • i and j can be used to indicate complex numbers
    • pi has the value 3.1415926…
    • ans stores the last unassigned value (like on a calculator)
    • Inf and -Inf are positive and negative infinity
    • NaN represents ‘Not a Number’

• 若不想显示输出，则在句末加上;

• 数组[ ]

  Two types of arrays

  1. matrix of numbers (either double or complex)
  2. cell array of objects (more advanced data structure)
  • 行向量：在[ ] 中使用逗号或空格分隔值
  • 列向量：在[ ]中使用;分隔
  • size( )显示矩阵大小
  • length( )得到矩阵长度
    
  • Initialize a vector of ones, zeros, or random numbers
    » o=ones(1,10)
    row vector with 10 elements, all 1
    » z=zeros(23,1)
    column vector with 23 elements, all 0
    » r=rand(1,45)
    row vector with 45 elements (uniform [0,1])
    » n=nan(1,69)
    row vector of NaNs (useful for representing uninitialized variables)
    
  • To initialize a linear vector of values use linspace
    » a=linspace(0,10,5)
    starts at 0, ends at 10 (inclusive), 5 values
    Can also use colon operator (:)
    » b=0:2:10
    starts at 0, increments by 2, and ends at or before 10
    increment can be decimal or negative
    » c=1:5
    if increment isn’t specified, default is 1
  • To initialize logarithmically spaced values use logspace
    similar to linspace, but generate logarithmically spaced vectors
  • Vector Indexing
    • Matlab 索引从0开始
    • The index argument can be a vector
    • 使用max和min得到最大/小值和索引号
    • 使用