浅谈Activity内部页面布局结构（最新源码分析）

浅谈Activity内部页面布局结构

转载请标明出处：http://blog.csdn.net/u014800493/article/details/52104304

主要就是结合案列和源码分析一下activity的内部布局结构，先看下例子：

structure_activity.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/structure_button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="按钮" />
</RelativeLayout>

布局很简单，一个RelativeLayout中包含一个Button

ActivityStructureActivity.java:

**
 * @author Gordon
 * @since 2016/8/3
 * do()
 */
public class ActivityStructureActivity extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.structure_activity);
        View root_view = findViewById(R.id.structure_button);
        forView(root_view);

    }

    private void forView(View root_view) {
        while (root_view != null) {
            Log.i("ActivityStructureActivity", root_view.getClass().toString());
            if (root_view instanceof ViewGroup) {
                int child_count = ((ViewGroup) root_view).getChildCount();
                for (int i = 0; i < child_count; i++) {
                    View v = ((ViewGroup) root_view).getChildAt(i);
                    Log.i("ActivityStructureActivity", "\t child:" + v.getClass().toString());
                }
                Log.i("ActivityStructureActivity", "\n");
            }
            root_view = (View) root_view.getParent();
        }
    }
}

很简单这里主要是log出布局，先看下log：

当然如果你使用的是Android Studio，你也可以用自定的工具去查看页面布局

首先你要连接手机，并且打开你的Demo到相应的页面，我这里就是打开手机进去ActivityStructureActivity页面中。

如下图中显示的自己手机型号以及右边的demo的包名。

要保证这两个显示正确了以后才能进行下面的操作.

第一步：

第二步：点击如下图的按钮

点进去进入txt文件中，找到View Hierarchy, 如下图：

显示的和Log出的层级机构一样。

转换成图形更直观一些，如下：

简单的说明一下

虚线区域1：内部结构

虚线区域2：不一定是这种结构根据Activity的各种不同设置，布局可能不同。

其他区域是用可以自定义的Layout。为什么是这样的呢？看下setContentView()源码：

    /**
     * Set the activity content from a layout resource.  The resource will be
     * inflated, adding all top-level views to the activity.
     *
     * @param layoutResID Resource ID to be inflated.
     *
     * @see #setContentView(android.view.View)
     * @see #setContentView(android.view.View, android.view.ViewGroup.LayoutParams)
     */
    public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
        getWindow().setContentView(layoutResID);
        initWindowDecorActionBar();
    }

先来看下initWindowDecorActionBar()方法：

    /**
     * Creates a new ActionBar, locates the inflated ActionBarView,
     * initializes the ActionBar with the view, and sets mActionBar.
     */
    private void initWindowDecorActionBar() {
        Window window = getWindow();

        // Initializing the window decor can change window feature flags.
        // Make sure that we have the correct set before performing the test below.
        window.getDecorView();

        if (isChild() || !window.hasFeature(Window.FEATURE_ACTION_BAR) || mActionBar != null) {
            return;
        }

        mActionBar = new WindowDecorActionBar(this);
        mActionBar.setDefaultDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(mEnableDefaultActionBarUp);

        mWindow.setDefaultIcon(mActivityInfo.getIconResource());
        mWindow.setDefaultLogo(mActivityInfo.getLogoResource());
    }

其实就是创建ActionBar。这里就不多说了

主要看下getWindow()。其实就是PhoneWindow.看下PhoneWindow的setContentView()源码：

 @Override
    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            installDecor();
        } else {
            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
        }
        mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
        final Callback cb = getCallback();
        if (cb != null) {
            cb.onContentChanged();
        }
    }

这个mContentParent默认为空，看下installDecor方法：

 private void installDecor() {
        if (mDecor == null) {
            mDecor = generateDecor();
            mDecor.setDescendantFocusability(ViewGroup.FOCUS_AFTER_DESCENDANTS);
            mDecor.setIsRootNamespace(true);
        }
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            mContentParent = generateLayout(mDecor);
            mTitleView = (TextView)findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.title);
            if (mTitleView != null) {
                if ((getLocalFeatures() & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) != 0) {
                    View titleContainer = findViewById(com.android.internal.R.id.title_container);
                    if (titleContainer != null) {
                        titleContainer.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                    } else {
                        mTitleView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                    }
                    if (mContentParent instanceof FrameLayout) {
                        ((FrameLayout)mContentParent).setForeground(null);
                    }
                } else {
                    mTitleView.setText(mTitle);
                }
            }
        }
    }

第一个if语句进去generateDecor()方法.如下：

  protected DecorView generateDecor() {
        return new DecorView(getContext(), -1);
    }

是一个DecorView类，这个DecorView是PhoneWindow的一个内部类。主要是处理一些window的Event事件

看下PhoneWindow中对mDecor的定义：

  // This is the top-level view of the window, containing the window decor.
    private DecorView mDecor;

也就是PhoneWindow的top-level view.

继续看installDecor()方法第二个语句进去generateLayout(mDecor)方法，看看mContentParent是什么：

    protected ViewGroup generateLayout(DecorView decor) {
        // Apply data from current theme.
        TypedArray a = getWindowStyle();
        if (false) {
            System.out.println("From style:");
            String s = "Attrs:";
            for (int i = 0; i < com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window.length; i++) {
                s = s + " " + Integer.toHexString(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window[i]) + "="
                        + a.getString(i);
            }
            System.out.println(s);
        }
        mIsFloating = a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowIsFloating, false);
        int flagsToUpdate = (FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN|FLAG_LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR)
                & (~getForcedWindowFlags());
        if (mIsFloating) {
            setLayout(WRAP_CONTENT, WRAP_CONTENT);
            setFlags(0, flagsToUpdate);
        } else {
            setFlags(FLAG_LAYOUT_IN_SCREEN|FLAG_LAYOUT_INSET_DECOR, flagsToUpdate);
        }
        if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowNoTitle, false)) {
            requestFeature(FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
        }
        if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowFullscreen, false)) {
            setFlags(FLAG_FULLSCREEN, FLAG_FULLSCREEN&(~getForcedWindowFlags()));
        }
        if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowShowWallpaper, false)) {
            setFlags(FLAG_SHOW_WALLPAPER, FLAG_SHOW_WALLPAPER&(~getForcedWindowFlags()));
        }
        WindowManager.LayoutParams params = getAttributes();
        if (!hasSoftInputMode()) {
            params.softInputMode = a.getInt(
                    com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowSoftInputMode,
                    params.softInputMode);
        }
        if (a.getBoolean(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_backgroundDimEnabled,
                mIsFloating)) {
            /* All dialogs should have the window dimmed */
            if ((getForcedWindowFlags()&WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DIM_BEHIND) == 0) {
                params.flags |= WindowManager.LayoutParams.FLAG_DIM_BEHIND;
            }
            params.dimAmount = a.getFloat(
                    android.R.styleable.Window_backgroundDimAmount, 0.5f);
        }
        if (params.windowAnimations == 0) {
            params.windowAnimations = a.getResourceId(
                    com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowAnimationStyle, 0);
        }
        // The rest are only done if this window is not embedded; otherwise,
        // the values are inherited from our container.
        if (getContainer() == null) {
            if (mBackgroundDrawable == null) {
                if (mBackgroundResource == 0) {
                    mBackgroundResource = a.getResourceId(
                            com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowBackground, 0);
                }
                if (mFrameResource == 0) {
                    mFrameResource = a.getResourceId(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_windowFrame, 0);
                }
                if (false) {
                    System.out.println("Background: "
                            + Integer.toHexString(mBackgroundResource) + " Frame: "
                            + Integer.toHexString(mFrameResource));
                }
            }
            mTextColor = a.getColor(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Window_textColor, 0xFF000000);
        }
        // Inflate the window decor.
        int layoutResource;
        int features = getLocalFeatures();
        // System.out.println("Features: 0x" + Integer.toHexString(features));
        if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_LEFT_ICON) | (1 << FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON))) != 0) {
            if (mIsFloating) {
                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.dialog_title_icons;
            } else {
                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_title_icons;
            }
            // System.out.println("Title Icons!");
        } else if ((features & ((1 << FEATURE_PROGRESS) | (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS))) != 0) {
            // Special case for a window with only a progress bar (and title).
            // XXX Need to have a no-title version of embedded windows.
            layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_progress;
            // System.out.println("Progress!");
        } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE)) != 0) {
            // Special case for a window with a custom title.
            // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
            if (mIsFloating) {
                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.dialog_custom_title;
            } else {
                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_custom_title;
            }
        } else if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_NO_TITLE)) == 0) {
            // If no other features and not embedded, only need a title.
            // If the window is floating, we need a dialog layout
            if (mIsFloating) {
                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.dialog_title;
            } else {
                layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_title;
            }
            // System.out.println("Title!");
        } else {
            // Embedded, so no decoration is needed.
            layoutResource = com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_simple;
            // System.out.println("Simple!");
        }
        mDecor.startChanging();
        View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);
        decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));
        ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);
        if (contentParent == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Window couldn't find content container view");
        }
        if ((features & (1 << FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS)) != 0) {
            ProgressBar progress = getCircularProgressBar(false);
            if (progress != null) {
                progress.setIndeterminate(true);
            }
        }
        // Remaining setup -- of background and title -- that only applies
        // to top-level windows.
        if (getContainer() == null) {
            Drawable drawable = mBackgroundDrawable;
            if (mBackgroundResource != 0) {
                drawable = getContext().getResources().getDrawable(mBackgroundResource);
            }
            mDecor.setWindowBackground(drawable);
            drawable = null;
            if (mFrameResource != 0) {
                drawable = getContext().getResources().getDrawable(mFrameResource);
            }
            mDecor.setWindowFrame(drawable);
            // System.out.println("Text=" + Integer.toHexString(mTextColor) +
            // " Sel=" + Integer.toHexString(mTextSelectedColor) +
            // " Title=" + Integer.toHexString(mTitleColor));
            if (mTitleColor == 0) {
                mTitleColor = mTextColor;
            }
            if (mTitle != null) {
                setTitle(mTitle);
            }
            setTitleColor(mTitleColor);
        }
        mDecor.finishChanging();
        return contentParent;

    }

简单的分析一下：

3-68行主要就是如果用户设置了相应的Window属性。以background为例，用户可以两种方式设置：

1，自定义style：

     <activity android:name=".pagemain.activity.ActivityStructureActivity"
                    android:theme="@style/Theme.WindowSet"></activity>

    <style name="Theme.WindowSet" parent="android:Theme">
        <item name="android:windowBackground">@color/red</item>
        <item name="android:windowNoTitle">true</item>
    </style>

这里的windowBackgroud也可以设置为一张图片。

2，代码设置：
在Activity的onCreate() 中

   getWindow().getDecorView().setBackgroundColor(Color.BLUE);

就可以设置啦。继续看代码

70-106行这里是根据用户设置的window属性。比如：

Window.FEATURE_LEFT_ICON，window.FEATURE_RIGHT_ICON,window.FEATURE_PROGRESS

window.FEATURE_INDETERMINATE_PROGRESS,window.FEATURE_CUSTOM_TITLE

window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE等等，而设置不同的layoutResource。这里都没有设置，所以为：

layoutResource=com.android.internal.R.layout.screen_simple;进去看看XML布局是什么样子的：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
/* //device/apps/common/assets/res/layout/screen_simple.xml
**
** Copyright 2006, The Android Open Source Project
**
** Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); 
** you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
** You may obtain a copy of the License at 
**
**     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
**
** Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
** distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, 
** WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
** See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
** limitations under the License.
*/

This is an optimized layout for a screen, with the minimum set of features
enabled.
-->

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:fitsSystemWindows="true"
    android:orientation="vertical">
    <ViewStub android:id="@+id/action_mode_bar_stub"
              android:inflatedId="@+id/action_mode_bar"
              android:layout="@layout/action_mode_bar"
              android:layout_width="match_parent"
              android:layout_height="wrap_content"
              android:theme="?attr/actionBarTheme" />
    <FrameLayout
         android:id="@android:id/content"
         android:layout_width="match_parent"
         android:layout_height="match_parent"
         android:foregroundInsidePadding="false"
         android:foregroundGravity="fill_horizontal|top"
         android:foreground="?android:attr/windowContentOverlay" />
</LinearLayout>

一个LinearLayout内部有一个ViewStub和一个FramLayout.和上面的流程图相对应了。是不是这样的呢？

继续看上面的代码。108行：

1.   View in = mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResource, null);  
2.     decor.addView(in, new ViewGroup.LayoutParams(MATCH_PARENT, MATCH_PARENT));  
3.     ViewGroup contentParent = (ViewGroup)findViewById(ID_ANDROID_CONTENT);  

PhoneWindow中的top_level View .DecorView把上面的不就加进去了，ercontentPatent是什么呢，

看看findViewById（）。

    /**
     * The ID that the main layout in the XML layout file should have.
     */
    public static final int ID_ANDROID_CONTENT = com.android.internal.R.id.content;

果然contentParent为布局中的FrameLayout。回头再看看最上面的phoneWindow的setContentView()源码：

  @Override
    public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
        if (mContentParent == null) {
            installDecor();
        } else {
            mContentParent.removeAllViews();
        }
        mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
        final Callback cb = getCallback();
        if (cb != null) {
            cb.onContentChanged();
        }
    }

用户自定义的layoutResId被加载在mContentParent也就是Framelayout中了。

到此也验证了log和流程图所示的样子。当然这里只是默认的没有设置window属性的布局。

如果设置了不同的属性，流程图中虚线2区域内会加载不同的布局，大同小异。
总结

想要知道Activity的内部结构，还是要看源码，根据源码一步步解析。