Java String StringBuffer StringBuilder

一、综述

Java中涉及到字符串的操作时无疑会想到String、StringBuffer、StringBuilder。其中String是不可变类，声明时候就不可改变，改变的只是内存地址的引用。StringBuffer和StringBuilder的内容是可以改变的，只是StringBuilder是线程公布的，StringBuffer操作字符串时效率较高些。

二、String

String可使用“+”拼接字符串，但是可能引发每次创建一个String类（看字符串池中是否已经有内容相同的字符串）。

修饰符与类型	方法与描述
char	charAt(int index) Returns the char value at the specified index.
int	codePointAt(int index) Returns the character (Unicode code point) at the specified index.
int	codePointBefore(int index) Returns the character (Unicode code point) before the specified index.
int	codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) Returns the number of Unicode code points in the specified text range of this String.
int	compareTo(String anotherString) Compares two strings lexicographically.
int	compareToIgnoreCase(String str) Compares two strings lexicographically, ignoring case differences.
String	concat(String str) Concatenates the specified string to the end of this string.
boolean	contains(CharSequence s) Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values.
boolean	contentEquals(CharSequence cs) Compares this string to the specified CharSequence.
boolean	contentEquals(StringBuffer sb) Compares this string to the specified StringBuffer.
static String	copyValueOf(char[] data) Returns a String that represents the character sequence in the array specified.
static String	copyValueOf(char[] data, int offset, int count) Returns a String that represents the character sequence in the array specified.
boolean	endsWith(String suffix) Tests if this string ends with the specified suffix.
boolean	equals(Object anObject) Compares this string to the specified object.
boolean	equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString) Compares this String to another String, ignoring case considerations.
static String	format(Locale l, String format, Object... args) Returns a formatted string using the specified locale, format string, and arguments.
static String	format(String format, Object... args) Returns a formatted string using the specified format string and arguments.
byte[]	getBytes() Encodes this String into a sequence of bytes using the platform's default charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
byte[]	getBytes(Charset charset) Encodes this String into a sequence of bytes using the given charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
void	getBytes(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, byte[] dst, int dstBegin) Deprecated.  This method does not properly convert characters into bytes. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the getBytes() method, which uses the platform's default charset.
byte[]	getBytes(String charsetName) Encodes this String into a sequence of bytes using the named charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
void	getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin) Copies characters from this string into the destination character array.
int	hashCode() Returns a hash code for this string.
int	indexOf(int ch) Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character.
int	indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character, starting the search at the specified index.
int	indexOf(String str) Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.
int	indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index.
String	intern() Returns a canonical representation for the string object.
boolean	isEmpty() Returns true if, and only if, length() is 0.
int	lastIndexOf(int ch) Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character.
int	lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character, searching backward starting at the specified index.
int	lastIndexOf(String str) Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring.
int	lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring, searching backward starting at the specified index.
int	length() Returns the length of this string.
boolean	matches(String regex) Tells whether or not this string matches the given regular expression.
int	offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset) Returns the index within this String that is offset from the given index by codePointOffset code points.
boolean	regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int toffset, String other, int ooffset, int len) Tests if two string regions are equal.
boolean	regionMatches(int toffset, String other, int ooffset, int len) Tests if two string regions are equal.
String	replace(char oldChar, char newChar) Returns a new string resulting from replacing all occurrences of oldChar in this string with newChar.
String	replace(CharSequence target, CharSequence replacement) Replaces each substring of this string that matches the literal target sequence with the specified literal replacement sequence.
String	replaceAll(String regex, String replacement) Replaces each substring of this string that matches the given regular expression with the given replacement.
String	replaceFirst(String regex, String replacement) Replaces the first substring of this string that matches the given regular expression with the given replacement.
String[]	split(String regex) Splits this string around matches of the given regular expression.
String[]	split(String regex, int limit) Splits this string around matches of the given regular expression.
boolean	startsWith(String prefix) Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix.
boolean	startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) Tests if the substring of this string beginning at the specified index starts with the specified prefix.
CharSequence	subSequence(int beginIndex, int endIndex) Returns a new character sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence.
String	substring(int beginIndex) Returns a new string that is a substring of this string.
String	substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) Returns a new string that is a substring of this string.
char[]	toCharArray() Converts this string to a new character array.
String	toLowerCase() Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case using the rules of the default locale.
String	toLowerCase(Locale locale) Converts all of the characters in this String to lower case using the rules of the given Locale.
String	toString() This object (which is already a string!) is itself returned.
String	toUpperCase() Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case using the rules of the default locale.
String	toUpperCase(Locale locale) Converts all of the characters in this String to upper case using the rules of the given Locale.
String	trim() Returns a copy of the string, with leading and trailing whitespace omitted.
static String	valueOf(boolean b) Returns the string representation of the boolean argument.
static String	valueOf(char c) Returns the string representation of the char argument.
static String	valueOf(char[] data) Returns the string representation of the char array argument.
static String	valueOf(char[] data, int offset, int count) Returns the string representation of a specific subarray of the char array argument.
static String	valueOf(double d) Returns the string representation of the double argument.
static String	valueOf(float f) Returns the string representation of the float argument.
static String	valueOf(int i) Returns the string representation of the int argument.
static String	valueOf(long l) Returns the string representation of the long argument.
static String	valueOf(Object obj) Returns the string representation of the Object argument

部分重要方法代码如下：

// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		String str = "123abcd4$!@#$";
		String str1= "ac45%";
		String str2="123abcd4$!@#$";
		
		System.out.println(str.indexOf("c")); //5
		char someIndexStr = str.charAt(5);
		System.out.println(someIndexStr);  //输出：c
		
		System.out.println(str.compareTo(str1)); //-48
		System.out.println(str.compareTo(str2));//0
		
		String str3="123ABCD4$!@#$";
		System.out.println(str.compareTo(str3));
		System.out.println(str.compareToIgnoreCase(str3)); //0
		
		System.out.println(str.concat(str1)); //23abcd4$!@#$ac45%
		System.out.println(str.contains("abc")); //true
		System.out.println(str.contains("13")); //false
		System.out.println(str.endsWith("#$")); //true
		System.out.println(str.startsWith("1"));//true
		String str4="acaa";
		System.out.println(str4.lastIndexOf("a")); //3
		
		System.out.println(str4.length());//4
		System.out.println(str4.replace("a", "&"));//&c&&
		System.out.println(str4.replaceFirst("a", "&"));//&caa
		
		
		/*
		 * 1
         *c4d
         *de8
         *  9
		 */
		String str5="1ac4dade8a9";
		String[] strArray = str5.split("a");
		System.out.println("字符串分割：");
		for(String strTemp:strArray)
		{
     			System.out.println(strTemp);
		}

		String str6 = "1234567";
		System.out.println(str6.substring(1, str6.length())); //234567
        char[] charArray = str6.toCharArray();
        System.out.println("转换成字符数组：");
        for(char temp:charArray)
        {
        	System.out.println(temp);
        }
        
        System.out.println(str4.toUpperCase());//ACAA
        String str7="a d ccc gg ";
        System.out.println(str7.trim());//a d ccc gg
        str7.replace("a", "h");
        System.out.println(str7);//a d ccc gg 
		

三‘、StringBuffer和StringBuilde：不会每次生产新的对象，而是在原有基础上进行操作，可以改变。效率较高。

以StringBufferAPI为例：

修饰符与类型	方法与描述
StringBuffer	append(boolean b) Appends the string representation of the boolean argument to the sequence.
StringBuffer	append(char c) Appends the string representation of the char argument to this sequence.
StringBuffer	append(char[] str) Appends the string representation of the char array argument to this sequence.
StringBuffer	append(char[] str, int offset, int len) Appends the string representation of a subarray of the char array argument to this sequence.
StringBuffer	append(CharSequence s) Appends the specified CharSequence to this sequence.
StringBuffer	append(CharSequence s, int start, int end) Appends a subsequence of the specified CharSequence to this sequence.
StringBuffer	append(double d) Appends the string representation of the double argument to this sequence.
StringBuffer	append(float f) Appends the string representation of the float argument to this sequence.
StringBuffer	append(int i) Appends the string representation of the int argument to this sequence.
StringBuffer	append(long lng) Appends the string representation of the long argument to this sequence.
StringBuffer	append(Object obj) Appends the string representation of the Object argument.
StringBuffer	append(String str) Appends the specified string to this character sequence.
StringBuffer	append(StringBuffer sb) Appends the specified StringBuffer to this sequence.
StringBuffer	appendCodePoint(int codePoint) Appends the string representation of the codePoint argument to this sequence.
int	capacity() Returns the current capacity.
char	charAt(int index) Returns the char value in this sequence at the specified index.
int	codePointAt(int index) Returns the character (Unicode code point) at the specified index.
int	codePointBefore(int index) Returns the character (Unicode code point) before the specified index.
int	codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) Returns the number of Unicode code points in the specified text range of this sequence.
StringBuffer	delete(int start, int end) Removes the characters in a substring of this sequence.
StringBuffer	deleteCharAt(int index) Removes the char at the specified position in this sequence.
void	ensureCapacity(int minimumCapacity) Ensures that the capacity is at least equal to the specified minimum.
void	getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin) Characters are copied from this sequence into the destination character array dst.
int	indexOf(String str) Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.
int	indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index.
StringBuffer	insert(int offset, boolean b) Inserts the string representation of the boolean argument into this sequence.
StringBuffer	insert(int offset, char c) Inserts the string representation of the char argument into this sequence.
StringBuffer	insert(int offset, char[] str) Inserts the string representation of the char array argument into this sequence.
StringBuffer	insert(int index, char[] str, int offset, int len) Inserts the string representation of a subarray of the str array argument into this sequence.
StringBuffer	insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s) Inserts the specified CharSequence into this sequence.
StringBuffer	insert(int dstOffset, CharSequence s, int start, int end) Inserts a subsequence of the specified CharSequence into this sequence.
StringBuffer	insert(int offset, double d) Inserts the string representation of the double argument into this sequence.
StringBuffer	insert(int offset, float f) Inserts the string representation of the float argument into this sequence.
StringBuffer	insert(int offset, int i) Inserts the string representation of the second int argument into this sequence.
StringBuffer	insert(int offset, long l) Inserts the string representation of the long argument into this sequence.
StringBuffer	insert(int offset, Object obj) Inserts the string representation of the Object argument into this character sequence.
StringBuffer	insert(int offset, String str) Inserts the string into this character sequence.
int	lastIndexOf(String str) Returns the index within this string of the rightmost occurrence of the specified substring.
int	lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring.
int	length() Returns the length (character count).
int	offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset) Returns the index within this sequence that is offset from the given index by codePointOffset code points.
StringBuffer	replace(int start, int end, String str) Replaces the characters in a substring of this sequence with characters in the specified String.
StringBuffer	reverse() Causes this character sequence to be replaced by the reverse of the sequence.
void	setCharAt(int index, char ch) The character at the specified index is set to ch.
void	setLength(int newLength) Sets the length of the character sequence.
CharSequence	subSequence(int start, int end) Returns a new character sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence.
String	substring(int start) Returns a new String that contains a subsequence of characters currently contained in this character sequence.
String	substring(int start, int end) Returns a new String that contains a subsequence of characters currently contained in this sequence.
String	toString() Returns a string representing the data in this sequence.
void	trimToSize() Attempts to reduce storage used for the character sequence.

StringBuffer sb  = new StringBuffer("abcdef");
        sb.append("g");
        System.out.println(sb); //abcdefg
        sb.deleteCharAt(0); 
        System.out.println(sb);//bcdefg
        System.out.println(sb.insert(0, 'G')); //Gbcdefg
        System.out.println(sb.reverse());
        System.out.println(sb.indexOf("gfe")); //0