先来大致看看HTMLParser的源代码吧:
- """A parser for HTML and XHTML."""
- # This file is based on sgmllib.py, but the API is slightly different.
- # XXX There should be a way to distinguish between PCDATA (parsed
- # character data -- the normal case), RCDATA (replaceable character
- # data -- only char and entity references and end tags are special)
- # and CDATA (character data -- only end tags are special).
- import markupbase
- import re
- # Regular expressions used for parsing
- interesting_normal = re.compile('[&<]')
- interesting_cdata = re.compile(r'<(/|\Z)')
- incomplete = re.compile('&[a-zA-Z#]')
- entityref = re.compile('&([a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9]*)[^a-zA-Z0-9]')
- charref = re.compile('&#(?:[0-9]+|[xX][0-9a-fA-F]+)[^0-9a-fA-F]')
- starttagopen = re.compile('<[a-zA-Z]')
- piclose = re.compile('>')
- commentclose = re.compile(r'--\s*>')
- tagfind = re.compile('[a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*')
- attrfind = re.compile(
- r'\s*([a-zA-Z_][-.:a-zA-Z_0-9]*)(\s*=\s*'
- r'(\'[^\']*\'|"[^"]*"|[-a-zA-Z0-9./,:;+*%?!&$\(\)_#=~@]*))?')
- locatestarttagend = re.compile(r"""
- <[a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]* # tag name
- (?:\s+ # whitespace before attribute name
- (?:[a-zA-Z_][-.:a-zA-Z0-9_]* # attribute name
- (?:\s*=\s* # value indicator
- (?:'[^']*' # LITA-enclosed value
- |\"[^\"]*\" # LIT-enclosed value
- |[^'\">\s]+ # bare value
- )
- )?
- )
- )*
- \s* # trailing whitespace
- """, re.VERBOSE)
- endendtag = re.compile('>')
- endtagfind = re.compile('</\s*([a-zA-Z][-.a-zA-Z0-9:_]*)\s*>')
- class HTMLParseError(Exception):
- """Exception raised for all parse errors."""
- def __init__(self, msg, position=(None, None)):
- assert msg
- self.msg = msg
- self.lineno = position[0]
- self.offset = position[1]
- def __str__(self):
- result = self.msg
- if self.lineno is not None:
- result = result + ", at line %d" % self.lineno
- if self.offset is not None:
- result = result + ", column %d" % (self.offset + 1)
- return result
- class HTMLParser(markupbase.ParserBase):
- """Find tags and other markup and call handler functions.
- Usage:
- p = HTMLParser()
- p.feed(data)
- ...
- p.close()
- Start tags are handled by calling self.handle_starttag() or
- self.handle_startendtag(); end tags by self.handle_endtag(). The
- data between tags is passed from the parser to the derived class
- by calling self.handle_data() with the data as argument (the data
- may be split up in arbitrary chunks). Entity references are
- passed by calling self.handle_entityref() with the entity
- reference as the argument. Numeric character references are
- passed to self.handle_charref() with the string containing the
- reference as the argument.
- """
- CDATA_CONTENT_ELEMENTS = ("script", "style")
- def __init__(self):
- """Initialize and reset this instance."""
- self.reset()
- def reset(self):
- """Reset this instance. Loses all unprocessed data."""
- self.rawdata = ''
- self.lasttag = '???'
- self.interesting = interesting_normal
- markupbase.ParserBase.reset(self)
- def feed(self, data):
- """Feed data to the parser.
- Call this as often as you want, with as little or as much text
- as you want (may include '\n').
- """
- self.rawdata = self.rawdata + data
- self.goahead(0)
- def close(self):
- """Handle any buffered data."""
- self.goahead(1)
- def error(self, message):
- raise HTMLParseError(message, self.getpos())
- __starttag_text = None
- def get_starttag_text(self):
- """Return full source of start tag: '<...>'."""
- return self.__starttag_text
- def set_cdata_mode(self):
- self.interesting = interesting_cdata
- def clear_cdata_mode(self):
- self.interesting = interesting_normal
- # Internal -- handle data as far as reasonable. May leave state
- # and data to be processed by a subsequent call. If 'end' is
- # true, force handling all data as if followed by EOF marker.
- def goahead(self, end):
- rawdata = self.rawdata
- i = 0
- n = len(rawdata)
- while i < n:
- match = self.interesting.search(rawdata, i) # < or &
- if match:
- j = match.start()
- else:
- j = n
- if i < j: self.handle_data(rawdata[i:j])
- i = self.updatepos(i, j)
- if i == n: break
- startswith = rawdata.startswith
- if startswith('<', i):
- if starttagopen.match(rawdata, i): # < + letter
- k = self.parse_starttag(i)
- elif startswith("</", i):
- k = self.parse_endtag(i)
- elif startswith("<!--", i):
- k = self.parse_comment(i)
- elif startswith("<?", i):
- k = self.parse_pi(i)
- elif startswith("<!", i):
- k = self.parse_declaration(i)
- elif (i + 1) < n:
- self.handle_data("<")
- k = i + 1
- else:
- break
- if k < 0:
- if end:
- self.error("EOF in middle of construct")
- break
- i = self.updatepos(i, k)
- elif startswith("&#", i):
- match = charref.match(rawdata, i)
- if match:
- name = match.group()[2:-1]
- self.handle_charref(name)
- k = match.end()
- if not startswith(';', k-1):
- k = k - 1
- i = self.updatepos(i, k)
- continue
- else:
- if ";" in rawdata[i:]: #bail by consuming &#
- self.handle_data(rawdata[0:2])
- i = self.updatepos(i, 2)
- break
- elif startswith('&', i):
- match = entityref.match(rawdata, i)
- if match:
- name = match.group(1)
- self.handle_entityref(name)
- k = match.end()
- if not startswith(';', k-1):
- k = k - 1
- i = self.updatepos(i, k)
- continue
- match = incomplete.match(rawdata, i)
- if match:
- # match.group() will contain at least 2 chars
- if end and match.group() == rawdata[i:]:
- self.error("EOF in middle of entity or char ref")
- # incomplete
- break
- elif (i + 1) < n:
- # not the end of the buffer, and can't be confused
- # with some other construct
- self.handle_data("&")
- i = self.updatepos(i, i + 1)
- else:
- break
- else:
- assert 0, "interesting.search() lied"
- # end while
- if end and i < n:
- self.handle_data(rawdata[i:n])
- i = self.updatepos(i, n)
- self.rawdata = rawdata[i:]
- # Internal -- parse processing instr, return end or -1 if not terminated
- def parse_pi(self, i):
- rawdata = self.rawdata
- assert rawdata[i:i+2] == '<?', 'unexpected call to parse_pi()'
- match = piclose.search(rawdata, i+2) # >
- if not match:
- return -1
- j = match.start()
- self.handle_pi(rawdata[i+2: j])
- j = match.end()
- return j
- # Internal -- handle starttag, return end or -1 if not terminated
- def parse_starttag(self, i):
- self.__starttag_text = None
- endpos = self.check_for_whole_start_tag(i)
- if endpos < 0:
- return endpos
- rawdata = self.rawdata
- self.__starttag_text = rawdata[i:endpos]
- # Now parse the data between i+1 and j into a tag and attrs
- attrs = []
- match = tagfind.match(rawdata, i+1)
- assert match, 'unexpected call to parse_starttag()'
- k = match.end()
- self.lasttag = tag = rawdata[i+1:k].lower()
- while k < endpos:
- m = attrfind.match(rawdata, k)
- if not m:
- break
- attrname, rest, attrvalue = m.group(1, 2, 3)
- if not rest:
- attrvalue = None
- elif attrvalue[:1] == '\'' == attrvalue[-1:] or \
- attrvalue[:1] == '"' == attrvalue[-1:]:
- attrvalue = attrvalue[1:-1]
- attrvalue = self.unescape(attrvalue)
- attrs.append((attrname.lower(), attrvalue))
- k = m.end()
- end = rawdata[k:endpos].strip()
- if end not in (">", "/>"):
- lineno, offset = self.getpos()
- if "\n" in self.__starttag_text:
- lineno = lineno + self.__starttag_text.count("\n")
- offset = len(self.__starttag_text) \
- - self.__starttag_text.rfind("\n")
- else:
- offset = offset + len(self.__starttag_text)
- self.error("junk characters in start tag: %r"
- % (rawdata[k:endpos][:20],))
- if end.endswith('/>'):
- # XHTML-style empty tag: <span attr="value" />
- self.handle_startendtag(tag, attrs)
- else:
- self.handle_starttag(tag, attrs)
- if tag in self.CDATA_CONTENT_ELEMENTS:
- self.set_cdata_mode()
- return endpos
- # Internal -- check to see if we have a complete starttag; return end
- # or -1 if incomplete.
- def check_for_whole_start_tag(self, i):
- rawdata = self.rawdata
- m = locatestarttagend.match(rawdata, i)
- if m:
- j = m.end()
- next = rawdata[j:j+1]
- if next == ">":
- return j + 1
- if next == "/":
- if rawdata.startswith("/>", j):
- return j + 2
- if rawdata.startswith("/", j):
- # buffer boundary
- return -1
- # else bogus input
- self.updatepos(i, j + 1)
- self.error("malformed empty start tag")
- if next == "":
- # end of input
- return -1
- if next in ("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz=/"
- "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"):
- # end of input in or before attribute value, or we have the
- # '/' from a '/>' ending
- return -1
- self.updatepos(i, j)
- self.error("malformed start tag")
- raise AssertionError("we should not get here!")
- # Internal -- parse endtag, return end or -1 if incomplete
- def parse_endtag(self, i):
- rawdata = self.rawdata
- assert rawdata[i:i+2] == "</", "unexpected call to parse_endtag"
- match = endendtag.search(rawdata, i+1) # >
- if not match:
- return -1
- j = match.end()
- match = endtagfind.match(rawdata, i) # </ + tag + >
- if not match:
- self.error("bad end tag: %r" % (rawdata[i:j],))
- tag = match.group(1)
- self.handle_endtag(tag.lower())
- self.clear_cdata_mode()
- return j
- # Overridable -- finish processing of start+end tag: <tag.../>
- def handle_startendtag(self, tag, attrs):
- self.handle_starttag(tag, attrs)
- self.handle_endtag(tag)
- # Overridable -- handle start tag
- def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
- pass
- # Overridable -- handle end tag
- def handle_endtag(self, tag):
- pass
- # Overridable -- handle character reference
- def handle_charref(self, name):
- pass
- # Overridable -- handle entity reference
- def handle_entityref(self, name):
- pass
- # Overridable -- handle data
- def handle_data(self, data):
- pass
- # Overridable -- handle comment
- def handle_comment(self, data):
- pass
- # Overridable -- handle declaration
- def handle_decl(self, decl):
- pass
- # Overridable -- handle processing instruction
- def handle_pi(self, data):
- pass
- def unknown_decl(self, data):
- self.error("unknown declaration: %r" % (data,))
- # Internal -- helper to remove special character quoting
- entitydefs = None
- def unescape(self, s):
- if '&' not in s:
- return s
- def replaceEntities(s):
- s = s.groups()[0]
- if s[0] == "#":
- s = s[1:]
- if s[0] in ['x','X']:
- c = int(s[1:], 16)
- else:
- c = int(s)
- return unichr(c)
- else:
- # Cannot use name2codepoint directly, because HTMLParser supports apos,
- # which is not part of HTML 4
- import htmlentitydefs
- if HTMLParser.entitydefs is None:
- entitydefs = HTMLParser.entitydefs = {'apos':u"'"}
- for k, v in htmlentitydefs.name2codepoint.iteritems():
- entitydefs[k] = unichr(v)
- try:
- return self.entitydefs[s]
- except KeyError:
- return '&'+s+';'
- return re.sub(r"&(#?[xX]?(?:[0-9a-fA-F]+|\w{1,8}));", replaceEntities, s)
大家可以看到,其实内部的很多的方法都是没有实现的,所以需要我们继承这个类,自己去实现一些方法。关于HTMLParser的方法,大家可以参考官方文档:
http://docs.python.org/library/htmlparser.html#HTMLParser.HTMLParser (英文,笔者没有多少时间去翻译这些)
另外,给一个例子大家对照着看看,我相信这么简单的例子,大家都能看懂的。
假设我们要处理的文件在d盘根目录下,名字为hello.html,文件的内容为:
- <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
- <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- <head>
- <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
- <title>Rollen Holt - cnblogs</title>
- <meta name="keywords" content="Rollen Holt,rollenholt" />
- <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/css/common.css"/>
- <link id="MainCss" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/Skins/kubrick/style.css"/>
- <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/css/common2.css"/>
- <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://common.cnblogs.com/css/shCore.css"/>
- <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://common.cnblogs.com/css/shThemeDefault.css"/>
- <link title="RSS" type="application/rss+xml" rel="alternate" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/rss"/>
- <link title="RSD" type="application/rsd+xml" rel="EditURI" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/rsd.xml"/>
- <link type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" rel="wlwmanifest" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/wlwmanifest.xml"/>
- <script src="http://common.cnblogs.com/script/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
- <script src="/script/common.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
- <script src="http://common.cnblogs.com/script/jquery.json-2.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
- <script type="text/javascript" src="http://common.cnblogs.com/script/shCore.js"></script>
- <script type="text/javascript" src="http://common.cnblogs.com/script/shLanguage.js"></script>
- </head>
- <body>
- <a name="top"></a>
- <form method="post" action="" id="Form1">
- <div class="aspNetHidden">
- <input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="" />
- </div>
- </form>
- </body>
- </html>
我们的python代码为:
- #coding=utf-8
- from HTMLParser import HTMLParser
- class MyParser(HTMLParser):
- """一个简单的HTMLparser的例子"""
- def handle_decl(self, decl):
- """处理头文档"""
- HTMLParser.handle_decl(self, decl)
- print decl
- def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
- """处理起始标签"""
- HTMLParser.handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs)
- if not HTMLParser.get_starttag_text(self).endswith("/>"):
- print "<",tag,">"
- def handle_data(self, data):
- """处理文本元素"""
- HTMLParser.handle_data(self, data)
- print data,
- def handle_endtag(self, tag):
- """处理结束标签"""
- HTMLParser.handle_endtag(self, tag)
- if not HTMLParser.get_starttag_text(self).endswith("/>"):
- print "</",tag,">"
- def handle_startendtag(self, tag, attrs):
- """处理自闭标签"""
- HTMLParser.handle_startendtag(self, tag, attrs)
- print HTMLParser.get_starttag_text(self)
- def handle_comment(self, data):
- """处理注释"""
- HTMLParser.handle_comment(self, data)
- print data
- def close(self):
- HTMLParser.close(self)
- print "parser over"
- demo=MyParser()
- demo.feed(open("d:\\hello.html").read())
- demo.close()
输出的结果为:
DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"
< html >
< head >
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
< title >
Rollen Holt - cnblogs </ title >
<meta name="keywords" content="Rollen Holt,rollenholt" />
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/css/common.css"/>
<link id="MainCss" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/Skins/kubrick/style.css"/>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/css/common2.css"/>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://common.cnblogs.com/css/shCore.css"/>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="http://common.cnblogs.com/css/shThemeDefault.css"/>
<link title="RSS" type="application/rss+xml" rel="alternate" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/rss"/>
<link title="RSD" type="application/rsd+xml" rel="EditURI" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/rsd.xml"/>
<link type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" rel="wlwmanifest" href="http://www.cnblogs.com/rollenholt/wlwmanifest.xml"/>
< script >
</ script >
< script >
</ script >
< script >
</ script >
< script >
</ script >
< script >
</ script >
</ head >
< body >
< a >
</ a >
< form >
< div >
<input type="hidden" name="__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="" />