linux 中的 nohup 命令(设置后台进程): nohup: ignoring input and appending output to ‘nohup.out’

一、Linux 下使用 nohup

Unix/Linux下一般比如想让某个程序在后台运行,很多都是使用 & 在程序结尾来让程序自动运行。

比如我们要运行weblogic在后台:
./startWebLogic.sh &

但是加入我们很多程序并不象weblogic一样做成守护进程,可能我们的程序只是普通程序而已,一般这种程序使用 &结尾。

但是如果终端关闭,那么程序也会被关闭。

但是为了能够后台运行,那么我们就可以使用nohup这个命令。

比如我们有个startWebLogic.sh需要在后台运行,那么就使用nohup:

nohup ./startWebLogic.sh &

提示:

[~]$ appending output to nohup.out

嗯,证明运行成功,同时把程序运行的输出信息放到当前目录的 nohup.out 文件中去。


nohup 命令

用途:LINUX命令用法,不挂断地运行命令。

语法:nohup Command [ Arg ... ] [ & ]

描述:nohup 命令运行由 Command 参数和任何相关的 Arg 参数指定的命令,忽略所有挂断(SIGHUP)信号。

在注销后使用 nohup 命令运行后台中的程序。要运行后台中的 nohup 命令,添加 & ( 表示“and”的符号)到命令的尾部。

nohup: ignoring input and appending output to `nohup.out'  忽略输入输出,将信息化信息记录到nohup.out文件中。

二、使用Linux重定向解决nohup.out无写权限问题

■场景

执行nohup命令的时候,经常会出现下面这种没有写入权限的错误。

nohup: ignoring input and appending output to `nohup.out'
nohup: failed to run command `/etc/nginx_check.sh': Permission denied

■linux重定向:

0、1和2分别表示标准输入、标准输出和标准错误信息输出,可以用来指定需要重定向的标准输入或输出。

在一般使用时,默认的是标准输出,既1。当我们需要特殊用途时,可以使用其他标号。

例如,将某个程序的错误信息输出到log文件中:./program 2>log。

这样标准输出还是在屏幕上,但是错误信息会输出到log文件中。

另外,也可以实现0,1,2之间的重定向。2>&1:将错误信息重定向到标准输出。

Linux下还有一个特殊的文件/dev/null,它就像一个无底洞,所有重定向到它的信息都会消失得无影无踪。

这一点非常有用,当我们不需要回显程序的所有信息时,就可以将输出重定向到/dev/null。

如果想要正常输出和错误信息都不显示,则要把标准输出和标准错误都重定向到/dev/null, 例如:

# ls 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null

还有一种做法是将错误重定向到标准输出,然后再重定向到 /dev/null,例如:

# ls >/dev/null 2>&1

注意:此处的顺序不能更改,否则达不到想要的效果,此时先将标准输出重定向到 /dev/null,

然后将标准错误重定向到标准输出。

由于标准输出已经重定向到了/dev/null,因此标准错误也会重定向到/dev/null,于是一切静悄悄。

■关于nohup

在使用nohup命令的时候,经常由于输出nohup.out的路径没有写入权限,而无法使用nohup。

这是可以使用Linux重定向的方法,将nohup.out重定向至一个有写入权限的路径,或者直接扔到/dev/null中。

nohup ./program >/dev/null 2>/dev/null &

或者

nohup ./program >/dev/null 2>&1 &

三、使用nohup设置后台进程

引言: 有时候需要在Linux上设置一个后台进程,但是当你关闭terminal之时,它会被系统kill掉,那该如何来实现其后台进程能一直运行下去呢?

使用方式:

nohup command-with-options &

当在屏幕上敲击上述命令之后,屏幕上会出现如下信息:

$ nohup: ignoring input and appending output to `nohup.out’

敲击回车,就退出了nohup.out当前的界面,进入正常的命令行。

输出日志信息:

接下来的输出的日志信息,将输出到nohup.log.即将屏幕上输出的日志信息直接输出到nohup.log文件。

后台进程的标志符:

如果一个命令只使用&来标识,则表示其在当前Session中,运行在后台。如果当前Session关闭或者当前的terminal工具关闭,则其附属的进程将会关闭。

正常运行的后台进程都是需要nohup与&,两者并行使用的,方可保证其在后台正常运行。

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EhLib 9.1.024 源码版本,自行编译 EhLib 9.1 Build 9.1.024 Professional Edition. ---------------------------------------------- The Library contains components and classes for Borland Delphi versions 7, 9, Developer Studio 2006, Delphi 2007, Embarcadero RAD Studio 2009-XE10.2, Lazarus. TABLE OF CONTENTS ----------------- Overview Installation Library Installation Help Demonstration Programs Registering and Prices Other information About author Where to start. ------------------- Start overview of the library with the main Demo project .\Demos\Bin\MainDemo.Exe. (Compiled Demo files are available in the Evaluation version of the library) If you've used previous versions of the library, then you can read a summary of the new features and changes in the file history-eng.html. More detail about new features in this version of the library can be found in the file - About EhLib 9.1 Eng.doc To install a new version of the library in the IDE, use the installation program .\Installer\EhLibInstaller.exe If, at the installation have any problems, write a letter to ehlib support address [email protected] You can also install the files in the library IDE manually, as described in Section 2. Installation Library After installation, make sure the operability of all installed components. To do this, open the IDE, compile and launch a major demonstration project .\Demos\MainDemo\Project1_XE2.dpr Read next file for full instructions of working with the library components: .\Hlp\ENG\"EhLib - Users guide.doc" Read about EhLib for Lazarus in the file - Lazarus<*>\readme.txt Overview -------- The Library contains several components and objects. TDBGridEh component TDBGridEh provides all functionality of TDBGrid and adds several new features as follows: Allows to select records, columns and rectangle areas. Special titles that can correspond to several/all columns. Footer that is able to show sum/count/other field values. Automatic column resizing to set grid width equal client width. Ability to change row and title height. Allows automatic broken of a single line long title and data row to a multiline. Title can act as button and, optionally show a sort marker. Automatically sortmarking. Ability to truncate long text with ellipsis. Lookup list can show several fields. Incremental search in lookup fields. Frozen columns. DateTime picker support for TDateField and TDateTimeField. Allows to show bitmaps from TImageList depending on field value. Allows to hide and track horizontal or vertical scrollbars. Allows to hide columns. Allows to show 3D frame for frozen, footer and data rows. Allows to draw memo fields. Multiline inplace editor. Proportional scrolling independently of sequenced of dataset. Automatically show checkboxes for Boolean fields. Allows to show checkboxes for other type of fields. Has a procedures to save and restore layout (visible columns, columns order, columns width, sortmarkers, row height) in/from registry or ini file. Allows to show hint (ToolTips) for text that don't fit in the cell. Allows to export data to Text, Csv, HTML, RTF, XLS and internal formats. Allows to import data from Text and internal formats. Can sort data in various dataset's. Can filter data in various dataset's. When DBGridEh is connected to DataSet of TMemTable type it allows: To view all data without moving active record. To display a tree-type structure of TMemTable records. To form list of values in dropdown list of SubTitle filter automatically. To create grouping records basing on the selected coulmns. TDBVertGridEh component Component to show one record from dataset in Vertical Orientation. Have a special column to show Field Captions Can customize inplace editor and data of the cell like in DBGridEh. TDBLookupComboboxEh component Provides all functionality of TDBLookupCombobox and adds several new features as follows: Can have flat style. Allows assign values as to KeyValue property just and to display Text property. Allows to type (assign) values to Text property not contained in data list (Style = csDropDownEh). Allows to hold KeyValue and Text as not affecting to each other values. Take effect when KeyField, ListField, ListSource, DataField and DataSource properties is empty. Drop down list can: Show titles, Have sizing grip, Automaticaly set width as sum of DisplayWidth of the list fields (Width = -1), Automaticaly drops on user pressed the key. Edit button can: Show DropDown, Ellipsis or Bitmap image. Have specified width. Have additional events: OnKeyValueChanged, OnButtonClick. TDBSumList component This component is intended for totaling sums and amounts of records in a TDataSet with dynamic changes. Component keeps a list of TDBSum objects, which contains types of group operations (goSum or goCount) and name sum field (goCount name of field is unnecessary). TPrintDBGridEh component TPrintDBGridEh provides properties and routines for preview and print of TDBGridEh component with several features: Ability to expand rows vertically until all text is printed. Ability to scale grid to fit it to page width. Ability to print/preview title for grid. Ability to print/preview page header and page footer where you can specify macros for current page, current date, current time and/or static text. Automatically print/preview multiselected area of TDBGridEh if it area is not empty. Ability to print/preview rich text before and after grid. TPreviewBox component TPreviewBox lets you create a customizable runtime preview. TPrinterPreview object TPrinterPreview lets you to record printable data in buffer for following output them on screen and to printer. TPrinterPreview have all functions and properties as in TPrinter object. You can use TPrinterPreview object similarly of TPrinter except some details. In TPrinter Printer.Canvas.Handle and Printer.Handle is the same but in TPrinterPreview PrinterPreview.Canvas.Handle represent the metafile in that is recored the data and PrinterPreview.Handle represent Printer.Handle. That is mean that you have to use PrinterPreview.Canvas.Handle for draw operation (DrawText, DrawTexteEx, e.t.c.) and use PrinterPreview.Handle in functions that return information about printer facilities (GetDeviceCaps, e.t.c.). Global function PrinterPreview returns default PrinterPreview object and shows data in default preview form. TDBEditEh component represents a single or multi-line edit control that can display and edit a field in a dataset or can works as non data-aware edit control. TDBDateTimeEditEh component represents a single-line date or time edit control that can display and edit a datetime field in a dataset or can works as non data-aware edit control. TDBComboBoxEh component represents a single or multi-line edit control that combines an edit box with a scrollable list and can display and edit a field in a dataset or can works as non data-aware combo edit control. TDBNumberEditEh component represents a single-line number edit control that can display and edit a numeric field in a dataset or can works as non data-aware edit control. TPropStorageEh, TIniPropStorageManEh, TRegPropStorageManEh components Components realize technology to store component properties to/from settings storage such as ini files, registry etc. TMemTableEh component dataset, which hold data in memory. Its possible consider as an array of records. Besides, it: Supports a special interface, which allows DBGridEh component to view all data without moving active record. Allows fetch data from TDataDriverEh object (DataDriver property). Allows unload change back in DataDriver, operative or postponed (in dependencies of the CachedUpdates property). Allows to create a master/detail relations on the client (filtering record) or on the external source (updating parameters [Params] and requiring data from DataDriver). Allows once-only (without the dynamic support) sort data, including Calculated and Lookup field. Allows create and fill data in design-time and save data in dfm file of the Form. Allows keep record in the manner of trees. Each record can have record elements-branches and itself be an element to other parental record. Component TDBGridEh supports to show the tree-type structure of these records. Allows to connect to the internal array of other TMemTableEh (via ExternalMemData property) and work with its data: sort, filter, edit. Has interface for requesting list of all unique values in one column of records array, ignoring local filter of the DataSet. TDBGridEh uses this property for automatic filling a list in DropDownBox of the subtitle filter cell. TDataDriverEh component carry out two tasks: Delivers data to TMemTableEh. Processes changed records of TMemTableEh (writes them in other dataset, or call events for processing the changes in program). TSQLDataDriverEh DataDriver that have four objects of the TSQLCommandEh type: SelectCommand, DeleteCommand, InsertCommand, UpdateCommand, GetrecCommand. TSQLDataDriverEh can not transfer queries to the server but it call global (for application) event which it is necessary to write to execute SQL expressions on the server. TBDEDataDriverEh, TIBXDataDriverEh, TDBXDataDriverEh and TADODataDriverEh Components. These are SQLDataDrivers that can deliver queries to the server using corresponding drivers of the access to datas. -------------------- 2. Installation Library -------------------- -------------------- 2.1 Installing library automatically -------------------- Run EhLibInstaller.exe program from "Installer" folder to install EhLib in Delphi/C++ Builder IDE. The program creates folders to keep EhLib binary and other requared files, copies requared files to created folders, compiles packages, register packages in IDE and write requared paths in registry. If you have executable installation program (for example, EhLibSetupD7Eval.exe) then you only need to run program and follow installation process. Setup automatically writes all units in necessary directory, installs packages and help files in IDE. -------------------- 2.2 Installing library manually ------------------- Follow next instructions to install files from EhLib archive: -- 2.2.1. For RAD Studio XE2 (Delphi) or higher: --------------------------------------------------------------------- Uninstall previous or evaluation version of EhLib (Old version) from Delphi IDE. Remove or copy to other directory files of old version to prevent crossing old and new version of EhLib (Including EhLib.bpl, EhLib.dcp or EhLibXX.bpl, EhLibXX.dcp, EhLibDataDriversXX, DclEhLibDataDriversXX files). These files can be located in the following folders on your computer C:\Users\All Users\Documents\RAD Studio\1X.0 C:\Users\All Users\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\XX.0\Bpl C:\Users\All Users\Documents\Embarcadero\Studio\XX.0\Dcp Create new folder where source code and binary files will be kept (For example, C:\RAD_Studio_XE2\Components\EhLib). Hereinafter this folder will be call as "EhLib folder". Create new subfolder "Lib" in the "EhLib folder". Copy files from folders "Common", "RADStudioXE2" and "LangResources\Res" of EhLib archive into the folder "[EhLib folder]\Lib" as that all files were in one folder - "Lib". Default language resource of the library is English. If you want to change it to the other language do the next steps: - Select one of language file EhLibLangConsts.XXX.dfm - Copy this file to EhLibLangConsts.dfm file (with replacment of existing file) - In the first line of a new EhLibLangConsts.dfm file delete _XXX suffix in the name of object like this: object TEhLibLanguageConsts_ENU -> object TEhLibLanguageConsts Run RAD Studio IDE and Open EhLibProjGroup160.groupproj file from [EhLib folder]\Lib. Compile all packages of Prject Group. Install DclEhLibXX.Dpk and DclEhLibDataDriversXX.Dpk packages in IDE (Use Project/Install menu). Consistently compile packages EhLibXX.Dpk and EhLibDataDriversXX.Dpk in next modes: Win32\Debug Win64\Release Win64\Debug After compilation there should be created subfolders a Win32\Release, Win32\Debug, Win64\Release, Win64\Debug in the "[EhLib folder]\Lib" folder. Copy the *. dfm and *. res files from the "[Folder EhLib]\Lib" folder into the each of the next folders: Win32\Release, Win32\Debug, Win64\Release, Win64\Debug In the RAD Studio IDE add next paths: "[EhLib folder]\Lib\Win32\Release" path in the "Library path" for the Win32 platform. "[EhLib folder]\Lib\Win32\Debug" path in the "Debug dcu" for the Win32 platform. "[EhLib folder]\Lib\" path in the "Brasing path" for the Win32 platform. "[EhLib folder]\Lib\Win64\Release" path in the "Library path" for the Win64 platform. "[EhLib folder]\Lib\Win64\Debug" path in the "Debug dcu" for the Win64 platform. "[EhLib folder]\Lib\" path in the "Brasing path" for the Win64 platform. -- Copy DEMOS folder from the Archive EhLib to the "[EhLib Folder]". Open and compile any demo project for test. 2.2.2. Delphi 5.x - 7.x, Delphi 9.X Win32, BDS2006 Win32, Delphi2007, CodeGear RAD Studio 2009: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uninstall previous or evaluation version of EhLib (Old version) from Delphi IDE. Remove or copy to other directory files of old version to prevent crossing old and new version of EhLib (Including EhLib.bpl, EhLib.dcp or EhLibXX.bpl, EhLibXX.dcp, EhLibDataDriversXX, DclEhLibDataDriversXX files). Create directory from which you will install EhLib library ('EhLib directory') (for example, C:\Delphi[X]\EhLib). Copy files from "Common", "Delphi[X]" | "BDS2006" and "LangResources\Res.Ansi" folders of the EhLib archive to 'EhLib directory'. Default language resource of the library is English. If you want to change it to the other language do the next steps: - Select one of language file EhLibLangConsts.XXX.dfm - Copy this file to EhLibLangConsts.dfm file (with replacment of existing file) - In the first line of a new EhLibLangConsts.dfm file delete _XXX suffix in the name of object like this: object TEhLibLanguageConsts_ENU -> object TEhLibLanguageConsts By default Delphi (5, 6 and 7) places compiled files to the <Delphi path>\Projects\Bpl directory and this directory already present in the search PATH. But if you overwrite default BPL directory then you need put compiled EhLibXX.BPL file into directory that is accessible through the search PATH (i.e. DOS "PATH" environment variable; for example, in the Windows\System directory). Add, (if needed) 'EhLib directory' in Tools->Environment Options->Library-> Library Path (For Delphi 9 in Tools->Options->Environment Options-> Delphi Options->Library - Win32->Library Path). Use "File\Open..." menu item of Delphi IDE to open the runtime package - EhLibXX.Dpk. In "Package..." window click "Compile" button to compile the package. After that open and compile EhLibDataDriversXX.Dpk. After compiling run-time packages install design-time packages DclEhLibXX.BPL and DclEhLibDataDriversXX.BPL into the IDE. For that use "File\Open..." menu item to open design-time package DclEhLibXX.Dpk. In "Package..." window click "Compile" button to compile the package and then click "Install" button to register EhLib components on the component palette. Open and install DclEhLibDataDriversXX.Dpk package. EhLib components have to appear on 'EhLib' page of components palette. 2.2.4. Delphi 9.X Vcl.Net, , BDS2006 Vcl.Net: ---------------------------------------- Uninstall previous or evaluation version of EhLib (Old version) from Delphi IDE. Remove or copy to other directory files of old version to prevent crossing old and new version of EhLib (Including Vcl.EhLib90.dll, Vcl.DclEhLib90.dll, Vcl.EhLibDataDrivers90.dll, Vcl.DclEhLibDataDrivers90.dll files). Create directory from which you will install EhLib library ('EhLib directory') (for example, C:\BDS\3.0\EhLibVclNet). Copy files from Common and Delphi9 directories of the EhLib archive to 'EhLib directory'. In Delphi IDE: Add, (if needed) 'EhLib directory' in Component->Installed .NET Components ...-> Assembly Search Paths. Add, (if needed) 'EhLib directory' in Tools->Options->Environment Options-> Delphi Options->Library - NET->Library Path. Use "File\Open..." menu item of Delphi IDE to open the runtime package - Vcl.EhLibXX.Dpk. In "Project Manager..." window, click right button above 'Vcl.EhLibXX.Dll' and select "Build" menu to compile package. After that, open and compile Vcl.EhLibDataDriversXX.Dpk, Vcl.DclEhLibXX.Dpk and Vcl.DclEhLibDataDriversXX.Dpk. Open menu "Component->Installed .NET Components ..."->.NET VCL Components. Press 'Add...' button. Locate 'Vcl.DclEhLibXX.dll' and press 'Open'. (By default, this file have to be located in 'EhLib directory' directory) Press 'Ok' in 'Installed .NET Components' Dialog. 4. Documentation and Help ------------------------- 4.1. This version of library doesn't have embedded help files for Delphi8 or Higher. But the online help is available on the ehlib home page - http://www.ehlib.com/online-help 4.2. Delphi 7.x: Copy the EhLib.hlp and EhLib.cnt files to the Delphi HELP subdirectory. Select Help|Customize to start the OpenHelp application. Add the EhLib.cnt file to the Contents page, add the EhLib.hlp file to the Index and Link pages. 5. Demonstration Programs and Projects -------------------------------------- Demonstration programs use tables from the DEMOS directory and ADO Data Access. Read description of Demo projects in the file Demos\Info Eng.doc 6. Registering and Prices ------------------------- The EhLib is a Commercial product. If you find it useful and want to receive the latest versions please register your evaluation copy. You can read detailed information about prices on ehlib home prices page http://www.ehlib.com/buy You can read detailed information about registration at https://secure.shareit.com/shareit/product.html?productid=102489 After registration you will receive (e-mail only) address of registered version for downloading and password for unpacking. By registering the components you get the following advantages: 1. You will get new versions of the library free within a year from the date of registration. 2. You will get technical support for the library all the time. 3. You encourage EhLib Team to make the library even better. 7. Other information ----------------- (1) Information for user who already have old version of TDBGridEH or TDBSumList or EhLib installed: Before installation this version of EhLib uninstall previous version of TDBGridEh or TDBSumList or EhLib from IDE and remove or copy this files to other directory to prevent crossing of new and old files. (2) If at compile-time under C++ Builder you get next error: [Linker Error] Unresolved external 'AlphaBlend' referenced from C:\PROGRAM FILES\BORLAND\CBUILDER6\PROJECTS\LIB\EHLIBB60.LIB|C:\VCL6\EhLib\Common\DBGridEh.pas then add msimg32.lib library in Linker options of your Project. It is placed at $(BCB)\lib\psdk\msimg32.lib 8. About Company ---------------- Contact as if you have any questions, comments or suggestions: EhLib Team
nohup命令Linux系统的一个命令,它可以在后台运行程序并忽略输入,并将输出追加到名为'nohup.out'的文件。这个文件会在当前目录下创建。当使用nohup命令运行程序时,它会忽略输入,并将程序的输出写入到nohup.out文件,这样即使你关闭终端或者退出登录,程序仍然会继续在后台运行,并且输出会保存在nohup.out文件。使用nohup命令提交作业时,如果没有指定输出文件,那么所有的输出都会被重定向到nohup.out文件。<span class="em">1</span><span class="em">2</span><span class="em">3</span> #### 引用[.reference_title] - *1* [nohup: ignoring input and appending output to `nohup.out](https://blog.csdn.net/qq_39341318/article/details/116154413)[target="_blank" data-report-click={"spm":"1018.2226.3001.9630","extra":{"utm_source":"vip_chatgpt_common_search_pc_result","utm_medium":"distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-cask-2~all~insert_cask~default-1-null.142^v93^chatsearchT3_2"}}] [.reference_item style="max-width: 50%"] - *2* *3* [【Linux】一步一步学Linux——nohup命令(136)](https://blog.csdn.net/dengjin20104042056/article/details/99412991)[target="_blank" data-report-click={"spm":"1018.2226.3001.9630","extra":{"utm_source":"vip_chatgpt_common_search_pc_result","utm_medium":"distribute.pc_search_result.none-task-cask-2~all~insert_cask~default-1-null.142^v93^chatsearchT3_2"}}] [.reference_item style="max-width: 50%"] [ .reference_list ]

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