使用HttpClient,您可以连接到需要用户名和密码的网站。本章介绍如何针对要求输入用户名和密码的站点执行客户端请求。
第1步 - 创建CredentialsProvider对象CredentialsProvider
接口维护一个集合以保存用户登录凭据。可以通过实例化BasicCredentialsProvider
类(此接口的默认实现)来创建其对象。
CredentialsProvider credentialsPovider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
Java
第2步 - 设置凭据
可以使用setCredentials()
方法将所需凭据设置为CredentialsProvider
对象。
此方法接受以下给出的两个对象 -
- AuthScope对象 - 验证范围,指定主机名,端口号和验证方案名称等详细信息。
- Credentials对象 - 指定凭据(用户名,密码)。
使用setCredentials()
方法为主机和代理设置凭据,如下所示 -
credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("example.com", 80),
new UsernamePasswordCredentials("user", "mypass"));
credsProvider.setCredentials(new AuthScope("localhost", 8000),
new UsernamePasswordCredentials("abc", "passwd"));
Java
第3步 - 创建HttpClientBuilder对象
使用HttpClients类的custom()
方法创建HttpClientBuilder
。
//Creating the HttpClientBuilder
HttpClientBuilder clientbuilder = HttpClients.custom();
Java
第4步 - 设置credentialsPovider
可以使用setDefaultCredentialsProvider()
方法将上面创建的credentialsPovider
对象设置为HttpClientBuilder
。
将上一步中创建的CredentialProvider
对象设置为客户端构建器,方法是将其传递给CredentialsProvider object()方法,如下所示。
clientbuilder = clientbuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credsProvider);
Java
第5步 - 构建CloseableHttpClient
使用HttpClientBuilder
类的build()
方法构建CloseableHttpClient
对象。
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = clientbuilder.build();
Java
第6步 - 创建一个HttpGet对象并执行它
通过实例化HttpGet
类来创建HttpRequest对象。使用execute()
方法执行此请求。
//Creating a HttpGet object
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://www.yiibai.com/ ");
//Executing the Get request
HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httpget);
Java
示例
以下是一个示例程序,演示了针对需要用户身份验证的目标站点执行HTTP请求。
import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.http.auth.Credentials;
import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
public class UserAuthenticationExample {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{
//Create an object of credentialsProvider
CredentialsProvider credentialsPovider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
//Set the credentials
AuthScope scope = new AuthScope("https://www.kaops.com/", 80);
Credentials credentials = new UsernamePasswordCredentials("USERNAME", "PASSWORD");
credentialsPovider.setCredentials(scope,credentials);
//Creating the HttpClientBuilder
HttpClientBuilder clientbuilder = HttpClients.custom();
//Setting the credentials
clientbuilder = clientbuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(credentialsPovider);
//Building the CloseableHttpClient object
CloseableHttpClient httpclient = clientbuilder.build();
//Creating a HttpGet object
HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://www.kaops.com/index.php");
//Printing the method used
System.out.println(httpget.getMethod());
//Executing the Get request
HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(httpget);
//Printing the status line
System.out.println(httpresponse.getStatusLine());
int statusCode = httpresponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
System.out.println(statusCode);
Header[] headers= httpresponse.getAllHeaders();
for (int i = 0; i<headers.length;i++){
System.out.println(headers[i].getName());
}
}
}
Java
执行上面示例代码,得到以下结果:
GET
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
200